{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T19:46:12Z","timestamp":1761767172049,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1-2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,26]],"date-time":"2022-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666742400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,26]],"date-time":"2022-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666742400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002957","name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002957","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Wien Klin Wochenschr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the 1950s the socialist health policy in East Germany did not follow a\u00a0clear-cut course with regard to outpatient medical care. Whilst state-run policlinics gradually took the place of doctors in private practice, the required qualifications of physicians working in outpatient care remained unclear. After preparatory lobbying by committed physicians from the outpatient sector, the 1960 Weimar Health Conference finally paved the way for the preservation and professionalization of general practice in East Germany.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>The article analyzes the formation of general practice as a\u00a0specialty in East Germany between 1945 and 1990. We scrutinize the status of general practitioners and their field in the socialist health system as well as the foundation of their medical society. Our paper aims to contribute to a\u00a0broader history of general practice in Germany.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We draw on literature from that time, unpublished archival material, and interviews with contemporary witnesses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>After the establishment of standards for specialist training in the early 1960s, general practice was introduced as a\u00a0field of specialty in 1967. By this, East Germany had a\u00a0compulsory specialist training in general practice much earlier than West Germany. In 1971, a\u00a0specialist society for general practice was founded in East Germany. However, institutionalization at the medical faculties was still lacking. Meanwhile, the nationalization of outpatient care continued. In the years that followed, primary medical care was increasingly provided in policlinics. In 1989, of 40,000 physicians in the GDR, only about 340 were still practicing in their own offices.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Within the nationalized GDR health system a\u00a0committed group of physicians, under difficult political circumstances, pushed for professionalization of general practice and its recognition as a\u00a0field of specialty. When general medicine was recognized as a\u00a0specialty in 1967, this happened earlier than in other countries and constituted an important milestone.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00508-022-02093-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,26]],"date-time":"2022-10-26T17:02:43Z","timestamp":1666803763000},"page":"45-51","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["General practice in the German Democratic Republic (1949\u20131990)"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"135","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6269-5061","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florian","family":"Bruns","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"K\u00f6nig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Frese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Schildmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2093_CR1","unstructured":"https:\/\/www.degam.de\/what-we-do. 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