{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T14:37:22Z","timestamp":1787495842491,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"13-14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,8]],"date-time":"2023-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686182400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,8]],"date-time":"2023-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686182400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100022274","name":"Daiichi Sankyo Europe","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100022274","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Wien Klin Wochenschr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The low-density lipoprotein cholesterol goals in the 2019 European Society of Cardiology\/European Atherosclerosis Society dyslipidaemia guidelines necessitate greater use of combination therapies. We describe a\u00a0real-world cohort of patients in Austria and simulate the addition of oral bempedoic acid and ezetimibe to estimate the proportion of patients reaching goals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients at high or very high cardiovascular risk on lipid-lowering treatments (excluding proprotein convertase subtilisin\/kexin type\u00a09 inhibitors) from the Austrian cohort of the observational SANTORINI study were included using specific criteria. For patients not at their risk-based goals at baseline, addition of ezetimibe (if not already received) and subsequently bempedoic acid was simulated using a\u00a0Monte Carlo simulation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A\u00a0cohort of patients (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u2009144) with a\u00a0mean low-density lipoprotein cholesterol of 76.4\u202fmg\/dL, with 94% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u2009135) on statins and 24% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u200935) on ezetimibe monotherapy or in combination, were used in the simulation. Only 36% of patients were at goal (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u200952). Sequential simulation of ezetimibe (where applicable) and bempedoic acid increased the proportion of patients at goal to 69% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u2009100), with a\u00a0decrease in the mean low-density lipoprotein cholesterol from 76.4\u202fmg\/dL at baseline to 57.7\u202fmg\/dL overall.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The SANTORINI real-world data in Austria suggest that a\u00a0proportion of high and very high-risk patients remain below the guideline-recommended low-density lipoprotein cholesterol goals. Optimising use of oral ezetimibe and bempedoic acid after statins in the lipid-lowering pathway could result in substantially more patients attaining low-density lipoprotein cholesterol goals, likely with additional health benefits.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00508-023-02221-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,7]],"date-time":"2023-06-07T23:26:22Z","timestamp":1686180382000},"page":"364-374","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Simulation of bempedoic acid and ezetimibe in the lipid-lowering treatment pathway in Austria using the contemporary SANTORINI cohort of high and very high risk patients"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"135","author":[{"given":"Hermann","family":"Toplak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0125-9562","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aikaterini","family":"Bilitou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannes","family":"Alber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johann","family":"Auer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Clodi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Ebenbichler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evelyn","family":"Flie\u00dfer-G\u00f6rzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Gelsinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ursula","family":"Hanusch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernhard","family":"Ludvik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Maca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Schober","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reinhard","family":"Sock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walter S.","family":"Speidl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas M.","family":"Stulnig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raimund","family":"Weitgasser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Zirlik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Koch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Wienerroither","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sorrel E.","family":"Wolowacz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7oise","family":"Diamand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberico L.","family":"Catapano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2221_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz455","volume":"41","author":"F Mach","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mach\u00a0F, Baigent\u00a0C, Catapano\u00a0AL, Koskinas\u00a0KC, Casula\u00a0M, Badimon\u00a0L, et\u00a0al. 2019 ESC\/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular risk. Eur Heart\u00a0J. 2020;41(1):111\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz455.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2221_CR2","unstructured":"EHN. European Heart Network. European cardiovascular disease statistics in 2017. 2017. http:\/\/www.ehnheart.org\/cvd-statistics.html. Accessed 4 July 2022."},{"issue":"3","key":"2221_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1007\/s40292-016-0155-2","volume":"23","author":"E Agabiti Rosei","year":"2016","unstructured":"Agabiti Rosei\u00a0E, Salvetti\u00a0M. Management of hypercholesterolemia, appropriateness of therapeutic approaches and new drugs in patients with high cardiovascular risk. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev. 2016;23(3):217\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40292-016-0155-2.","journal-title":"High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev"},{"issue":"7","key":"2221_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjco.2021.02.013","volume":"3","author":"H Munir","year":"2021","unstructured":"Munir\u00a0H, Morais\u00a0JA, Goldfarb\u00a0M. Health-related quality of life in older adults with acute cardiovascular disease undergoing early mobilization. CJC Open. 2021;3(7):888\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cjco.2021.02.013.","journal-title":"CJC Open"},{"issue":"32","key":"2221_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2459","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehx144","volume":"38","author":"BA Ference","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ference\u00a0BA, Ginsberg\u00a0HN, Graham\u00a0I, Ray\u00a0KK, Packard\u00a0CJ, Bruckert\u00a0E, et al. Low-density lipoproteins cause atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. 1. Evidence from genetic, epidemiologic, and clinical studies. A consensus statement from the European Atherosclerosis Society Consensus Panel. Eur Heart\u00a0J. 2017;38(32):2459\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehx144.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2221_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2021.03.039","volume":"325","author":"M Averna","year":"2021","unstructured":"Averna\u00a0M, Banach\u00a0M, Bruckert\u00a0E, Drexel\u00a0H, Farnier\u00a0M, Gaita\u00a0D, et al. Practical guidance for combination lipid-modifying therapy in high- and very-high-risk patients: A statement from a\u00a0European Atherosclerosis Society Task Force. Atherosclerosis. 2021;325:99\u2013109. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2021.03.039.","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"2221_CR7","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Bempedoic acid with ezetimibe for treating primary hypercholesterolaemia or mixed dyslipidaemia [TA694]. 2021. https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/ta694. Accessed 4 July 2022."},{"issue":"24","key":"2221_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2313","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz962","volume":"41","author":"J Bor\u00e9n","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bor\u00e9n\u00a0J, Chapman\u00a0MJ, Krauss\u00a0RM, Packard\u00a0CJ, Bentzon\u00a0JF, Binder\u00a0CJ, et al. Low-density lipoproteins cause atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: pathophysiological, genetic, and therapeutic insights: a\u00a0consensus statement from the European Atherosclerosis Society Consensus Panel. Eur Heart\u00a0J. 2020;41(24):2313\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz962.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"9753","key":"2221_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1670","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(10)61350-5","volume":"376","author":"C Baigent","year":"2010","unstructured":"Baigent\u00a0C, Blackwell\u00a0L, Emberson\u00a0J, Holland\u00a0LE, Reith\u00a0C, Bhala\u00a0N, et al. Efficacy and safety of more intensive lowering of LDL cholesterol: a\u00a0meta-analysis of data from 170,000\u00a0participants in 26 randomised trials. Lancet. 2010;376(9753):1670\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(10)61350-5.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"8","key":"2221_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab718","volume":"43","author":"KK Ray","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ray\u00a0KK, Reeskamp\u00a0LF, Laufs\u00a0U, Banach\u00a0M, Mach\u00a0F, Tokg\u00f6zo\u011flu\u00a0LS, et al. Combination lipid-lowering therapy as first-line strategy in very high-risk patients. Eur Heart\u00a0J. 2022;43(8):830\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab718.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"25","key":"2221_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2631","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.09.017","volume":"60","author":"BA Ference","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ference\u00a0BA, Yoo\u00a0W, Alesh\u00a0I, Mahajan\u00a0N, Mirowska\u00a0KK, Mewada\u00a0A, et al. Effect of long-term exposure to lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol beginning early in life on the risk of coronary heart disease: a\u00a0Mendelian randomization analysis. J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol. 2012;60(25):2631\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.09.017.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2221_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht571","volume":"36","author":"MV Holmes","year":"2015","unstructured":"Holmes\u00a0MV, Asselbergs\u00a0FW, Palmer\u00a0TM, Drenos\u00a0F, Lanktree\u00a0MB, Nelson\u00a0CP, et\u00a0al. Mendelian randomization of blood lipids for coronary heart disease. Eur Heart\u00a0J. 2015;36(9):539\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht571.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"34","key":"2221_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3227","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab484","volume":"42","author":"FLJ Visseren","year":"2021","unstructured":"Visseren\u00a0FLJ, Mach\u00a0F, Smulders\u00a0YM, Carballo\u00a0D, Koskinas\u00a0KC, B\u00e4ck\u00a0M, et\u00a0al. 2021 ESC Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice. Eur Heart\u00a0J. 2021;42(34):3227\u2013337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab484.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"12","key":"2221_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2049","DOI":"10.1080\/03007995.2021.1973396","volume":"37","author":"V Barrios","year":"2021","unstructured":"Barrios\u00a0V, Soronen\u00a0J, Carter\u00a0AM, Anastassopoulou\u00a0A. Lipid management across Europe in the real-world setting: a\u00a0rapid evidence review. Curr Med Res Opin. 2021;37(12):2049\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/03007995.2021.1973396.","journal-title":"Curr Med Res Opin"},{"key":"2221_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.05.055","volume":"316","author":"L De Luca","year":"2020","unstructured":"De Luca\u00a0L, Arca\u00a0M, Temporelli\u00a0PL, Meessen\u00a0J, Riccio\u00a0C, Bonomo\u00a0P, et al. Current lipid lowering treatment and attainment of LDL targets recommended by ESC\/EAS guidelines in very high-risk patients with established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: Insights from the START registry. Int J Cardiol. 2020;316:229\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.05.055.","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2221_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-017-1193-z","volume":"107","author":"KM Fox","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fox\u00a0KM, Tai\u00a0MH, Kostev\u00a0K, Hatz\u00a0M, Qian\u00a0Y, Laufs\u00a0U. Treatment patterns and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) goal attainment among patients receiving high- or moderate-intensity statins. Clin Res Cardiol. 2018;107(5):380\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00392-017-1193-z.","journal-title":"Clin Res Cardiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"2221_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwaa047","volume":"28","author":"KK Ray","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ray\u00a0KK, Molemans\u00a0B, Schoonen\u00a0WM, Giovas\u00a0P, Bray\u00a0S, Kiru\u00a0G, et al. EU-wide cross-sectional observational study of lipid-modifying therapy use in secondary and primary care: the DA VINCI study. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2021;28(11):1279\u201389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwaa047.","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"issue":"7\u20138","key":"2221_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1007\/s00508-021-01978-w","volume":"134","author":"P Siostrzonek","year":"2022","unstructured":"Siostrzonek\u00a0P, Brath\u00a0H, Zweiker\u00a0R, Drexel\u00a0H, Hoelzl\u00a0R, Hemetsberger\u00a0M, et al. Lipid lowering therapy in primary and secondary prevention in Austria: are LDL\u2011C goals achieved? : Results from the DA VINCI study. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2022;134(7\u20138):294\u2013301. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00508-021-01978-w.","journal-title":"Wien Klin Wochenschr"},{"issue":"3","key":"2221_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-020-01740-8","volume":"111","author":"JL Katzmann","year":"2022","unstructured":"Katzmann\u00a0JL, Sorio-Vilela\u00a0F, Dornstauder\u00a0E, Fraas\u00a0U, Smieszek\u00a0T, Zappacosta\u00a0S, et al. Non-statin lipid-lowering therapy over time in very-high-risk patients: effectiveness of fixed-dose statin\/ezetimibe compared to separate pill combination on LDL\u2011C. Clin Res Cardiol. 2022;111(3):243\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00392-020-01740-8.","journal-title":"Clin Res Cardiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2221_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487315569401","volume":"23","author":"K Kotseva","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kotseva\u00a0K, Wood\u00a0D, De Bacquer\u00a0D, De Backer\u00a0G, Ryd\u00e9n\u00a0L, Jennings\u00a0C, et\u00a0al. EUROASPIRE IV: A European Society of Cardiology survey on the lifestyle, risk factor and therapeutic management of coronary patients from 24 European countries. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2016;23(6):636\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2047487315569401.","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"key":"2221_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/00015385.2022.2030568","volume":"20","author":"P van de Borne","year":"2022","unstructured":"van de Borne\u00a0P, Peeters\u00a0A, Janssens\u00a0L, Leone\u00a0A, Lemmens\u00a0R, Verhaegen\u00a0A, et al. Lipid-lowering therapy and risk-based LDL\u2011C goal attainment in Belgium: DA VINCI observational study. Acta Cardiol. 2022;20:1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00015385.2022.2030568.","journal-title":"Acta Cardiol"},{"key":"2221_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2018.06.002","volume":"277","author":"CM Ballantyne","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ballantyne\u00a0CM, Banach\u00a0M, Mancini\u00a0GBJ, Lepor\u00a0NE, Hanselman\u00a0JC, Zhao\u00a0X, et al. Efficacy and safety of bempedoic acid added to ezetimibe in statin-intolerant patients with hypercholesterolemia: A randomized, placebo-controlled study. Atherosclerosis. 2018;277:195\u2013203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2018.06.002.","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"issue":"18","key":"2221_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1780","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.16585","volume":"322","author":"AC Goldberg","year":"2019","unstructured":"Goldberg\u00a0AC, Leiter\u00a0LA, Stroes\u00a0ESG, Baum\u00a0SJ, Hanselman\u00a0JC, Bloedon\u00a0LT, et al. Effect of Bempedoic acid vs placebo added to maximally tolerated statins on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients at high risk for cardiovascular disease: the CLEAR wisdom randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2019;322(18):1780\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2019.16585.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"7","key":"2221_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e011662","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.118.011662","volume":"8","author":"U Laufs","year":"2019","unstructured":"Laufs\u00a0U, Banach\u00a0M, Mancini\u00a0GBJ, Gaudet\u00a0D, Bloedon\u00a0LT, Sterling\u00a0LR, et\u00a0al. Efficacy and safety of bempedoic acid in patients with hypercholesterolemia and statin intolerance. J\u00a0Am Heart Assoc. 2019;8(7):e11662. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/jaha.118.011662.","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"11","key":"2221_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1803917","volume":"380","author":"KK Ray","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ray\u00a0KK, Bays\u00a0HE, Catapano\u00a0AL, Lalwani\u00a0ND, Bloedon\u00a0LT, Sterling\u00a0LR, et\u00a0al. Safety and efficacy of bempedoic acid to reduce LDL cholesterol. N\u00a0Engl J Med. 2019;380(11):1022\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1803917.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"2221_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487319864671","volume":"27","author":"CM Ballantyne","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ballantyne\u00a0CM, Laufs\u00a0U, Ray\u00a0KK, Leiter\u00a0LA, Bays\u00a0HE, Goldberg\u00a0AC, et al. Bempedoic acid plus ezetimibe fixed-dose combination in patients with hypercholesterolemia and high CVD risk treated with maximally tolerated statin therapy. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2020;27(6):593\u2013603. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2047487319864671.","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2221_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.2459\/jcm.0000000000001108","volume":"22","author":"F Colivicchi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Colivicchi\u00a0F, Di Fusco\u00a0SA, Scicchitano\u00a0P, Caldarola\u00a0P, Murrone\u00a0A, Valente\u00a0S, et\u00a0al. Updated clinical evidence and place in therapy of bempedoic acid for hypercholesterolemia: ANMCO position paper. J\u00a0Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown). 2021;22(3):162\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2459\/jcm.0000000000001108.","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown)"},{"key":"2221_CR28","volume-title":"Joint statement on benefit assessment of bempedoic acid Nilemdo\u00ae and bempedoic acid \/ ezetimibe Nustendi\u00ae. Joint statement by DGK\/DACH\/DDG\/DGE\/DGFF\/DGIM\/DGfN","author":"U Laufs","year":"2021","unstructured":"Laufs\u00a0U, Friede\u00a0T, Koenig\u00a0W, Landmesser\u00a0U, Nowak\u00a0B, Zimmermann\u00a0W\u2011H, et al. Joint statement on benefit assessment of bempedoic acid Nilemdo\u00ae and bempedoic acid \/ ezetimibe Nustendi\u00ae. Joint statement by DGK\/DACH\/DDG\/DGE\/DGFF\/DGIM\/DGfN. 2021."},{"issue":"24","key":"2221_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1190-8023","volume":"2020","author":"VJJ Schettler","year":"2020","unstructured":"Schettler\u00a0VJJ. Guideline-based procedure in the treatment of hypercholesterolaemia. Dial Aktuell. 2020;2020(24):345\u20138.","journal-title":"Dial Aktuell"},{"key":"2221_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athplu.2021.08.003","volume":"43","author":"KK Ray","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ray\u00a0KK, Haq\u00a0I, Bilitou\u00a0A, Aguiar\u00a0C, Arca\u00a0M, Connolly\u00a0DL, et al. Evaluation of contemporary treatment of high- and very high-risk patients for the prevention of cardiovascular events in Europe\u2014Methodology and rationale for the multinational observational SANTORINI study. Atheroscler Plus. 2021;43:24\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.athplu.2021.08.003.","journal-title":"Atheroscler Plus"},{"issue":"6","key":"2221_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/18.6.499","volume":"18","author":"WT Friedewald","year":"1972","unstructured":"Friedewald\u00a0WT, Levy\u00a0RI, Fredrickson\u00a0DS. Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin Chem. 1972;18(6):499\u2013502.","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"issue":"7404","key":"2221_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.326.7404.1423","volume":"326","author":"MR Law","year":"2003","unstructured":"Law\u00a0MR, Wald\u00a0NJ, Rudnicka\u00a0AR. Quantifying effect of statins on low density lipoprotein cholesterol, ischaemic heart disease, and stroke: systematic review and meta-analysis. Br Med\u00a0J. 2003;326(7404):1423. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.326.7404.1423.","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"issue":"9","key":"2221_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2017.2289","volume":"2","author":"CP Cannon","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cannon\u00a0CP, Khan\u00a0I, Klimchak\u00a0AC, Reynolds\u00a0MR, Sanchez\u00a0RJ, Sasiela\u00a0WJ. Simulation of lipid-lowering therapy intensification in a\u00a0population with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. JAMA Cardiol. 2017;2(9):959\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamacardio.2017.2289.","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"issue":"40","key":"2221_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3900","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa034","volume":"41","author":"A Allahyari","year":"2020","unstructured":"Allahyari\u00a0A, Jernberg\u00a0T, Hagstr\u00f6m\u00a0E, Leosdottir\u00a0M, Lundman\u00a0P, Ueda\u00a0P. Application of the 2019 ESC\/EAS dyslipidaemia guidelines to nationwide data of patients with a\u00a0recent myocardial infarction: a\u00a0simulation study. Eur Heart\u00a0J. 2020;41(40):3900\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa034.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"9","key":"2221_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2021.07.019","volume":"43","author":"C Blaum","year":"2021","unstructured":"Blaum\u00a0C, Brunner\u00a0FJ, Go\u00dfling\u00a0A, Kr\u00f6ger\u00a0F, Bay\u00a0B, Lorenz\u00a0T, et\u00a0al. Target populations and treatment cost for bempedoic acid and PCSK9 inhibitors: a\u00a0simulation study in a\u00a0contemporary CAD cohort. Clin Ther. 2021;43(9):1583\u2013600. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinthera.2021.07.019.","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"issue":"25","key":"2221_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2387","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1410489","volume":"372","author":"CP Cannon","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cannon\u00a0CP, Blazing\u00a0MA, Giugliano\u00a0RP, McCagg\u00a0A, White\u00a0JA, Theroux\u00a0P, et\u00a0al. Ezetimibe added to statin therapy after acute coronary syndromes. N\u00a0Engl J Med. 2015;372(25):2387\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1410489.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2221_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.03.004","volume":"240","author":"O Descamps","year":"2015","unstructured":"Descamps\u00a0O, Tomassini\u00a0JE, Lin\u00a0J, Polis\u00a0AB, Shah\u00a0A, Brudi\u00a0P, et al. Variability of the LDL\u2011C lowering response to ezetimibe and ezetimibe + statin therapy in hypercholesterolemic patients. Atherosclerosis. 2015;240(2):482\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.03.004.","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"issue":"10","key":"2221_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0276898","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0276898","volume":"17","author":"JL Katzmann","year":"2022","unstructured":"Katzmann\u00a0JL, Becker\u00a0C, Bilitou\u00a0A, Laufs\u00a0U. Simulation study on LDL cholesterol target attainment, treatment costs, and ASCVD events with bempedoic acid in patients at high and very-high cardiovascular risk. PLoS ONE. 2022;17(10):e276898. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0276898.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2221_CR39","unstructured":"R Core Team. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. R: a\u00a0language and environment for statistical computing. 2021. https:\/\/www.R-project.org\/. Accessed 4 July 2022."},{"key":"2221_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athplu.2022.05.003","volume":"49","author":"LH Gunn","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gunn\u00a0LH, McKay\u00a0AJ, Feng\u00a0A, Louie\u00a0MJ, Ballantyne\u00a0CM, Ray\u00a0KK. Estimated cardiovascular benefits of bempedoic acid in patients with established cardiovascular disease. Atheroscler Plus. 2022;49:20\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.athplu.2022.05.003.","journal-title":"Atheroscler Plus"},{"key":"2221_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2020.10.060","volume":"235","author":"S Nicholls","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nicholls\u00a0S, Lincoff\u00a0AM, Bays\u00a0HE, Cho\u00a0L, Grobbee\u00a0DE, Kastelein\u00a0JJ, et al. Rationale and design of the CLEAR-outcomes trial: evaluating the effect of bempedoic acid on cardiovascular events in patients with statin intolerance. Am Heart\u00a0J. 2021;235:104\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ahj.2020.10.060.","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"issue":"2","key":"2221_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2012.02.016","volume":"223","author":"D Morrone","year":"2012","unstructured":"Morrone\u00a0D, Weintraub\u00a0WS, Toth\u00a0PP, Hanson\u00a0ME, Lowe\u00a0RS, Lin\u00a0J, et al. Lipid-altering efficacy of ezetimibe plus statin and statin monotherapy and identification of factors associated with treatment response: a\u00a0pooled analysis of over 21,000 subjects from 27 clinical trials. Atherosclerosis. 2012;223(2):251\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2012.02.016.","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"issue":"5","key":"2221_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2008.02062.x","volume":"265","author":"A Pandor","year":"2009","unstructured":"Pandor\u00a0A, Ara\u00a0RM, Tumur\u00a0I, Wilkinson\u00a0AJ, Paisley\u00a0S, Duenas\u00a0A, et al. Ezetimibe monotherapy for cholesterol lowering in 2,722 people: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J\u00a0Intern Med. 2009;265(5):568\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2008.02062.x.","journal-title":"J Intern Med"}],"container-title":["Wiener klinische Wochenschrift"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00508-023-02221-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00508-023-02221-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00508-023-02221-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,12]],"date-time":"2023-07-12T10:17:25Z","timestamp":1689157045000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00508-023-02221-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,8]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13-14","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]}},"alternative-id":["2221"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00508-023-02221-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["0043-5325","1613-7671"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0043-5325","type":"print"},{"value":"1613-7671","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 January 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 May 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 June 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"C.\u00a0Gelsinger, T.\u00a0Maca, R.\u00a0Sock declare that they have no competing interests. S.\u00a0Wolowacz is an employee of RTI Health Solutions. RTI Health Solutions received funding from Daiichi Sankyo Europe GmbH for the preparation of this manuscript. A.\u00a0Bilitou, M.\u00a0Koch, S.\u00a0Wienerroither, and F.\u00a0Diamand are employees of Daiichi Sankyo. Daiichi Sankyo Europe GmbH is the market authorisation holder in Europe, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom for bempedoic acid and bempedoic acid fixed-dose combination with ezetimibe. All co-authors received study fees from Daiichi Sankyo. H.\u00a0Toplak has received honoraria for lecturing and consulting as well as research support from Daiichi Sankyo. H.\u00a0Alber has received study fees from Daiichi Sankyo, and lecture and consulting fees from Daiichi Sankyo, Novartis, Amgen, and Sanofi-Aventis. J.\u00a0Auer has received consulting work and lecture fees from Novartis, Amgen, Sanofi, and Daiichi Sankyo. M.\u00a0Clodi has received lecture and consultant fees from Astra Zeneca, Boerhinger Ingelheim, Novo Nordisk, Novartis, Sanofi, Amgen, and Daiichi Sankyo. C.\u00a0Ebenbichler has received grants and personal fees from Abbott, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Daiichi Sankyo, Novartis, NovoNordisk, Sanofi, and Sobi. E.\u00a0Flie\u00dfer-G\u00f6rzer has received presentation, study, and\/or congress support from Novo Nordisk, AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Bayer, Novartis, Eli Lilly, Allergan, Daiichi Sankyo, Amgen, Merck Sharpe & Dohme, Boehringer Ingelheim, and Sanofi Aventis. U.\u00a0Hanusch has acted as investigator in clinical trials conducted by Bayer, Lilly, Amgen, Vertanical, and Novo Nordisk. B.\u00a0Ludvik has received honoraria for lectures, advisory boards, and research support from Amgen, Sanofi, Novartis, and Daiichi Sankyo. A.\u00a0Schober has received speaker fees and institutional research support from Daiichi-Sankyo. W.\u00a0Speidl has received support for lectures, advisory board participation, clinical trials, and\/or other research from Amgen, Daiichi Sankyo, Novartis, and Sanofi. T.\u00a0Stulnig\u00a0has received honoraria for lectures and\/or consultation as well as travel support from Amgen, Daiichi-Sankyo, Novartis, Sanofi, Sobi; research support from Daiichi-Sankyo and Sanofi. R.\u00a0Weitgasser has received research grants, speaker fees, and consultant advisory board fees (2017\u20132022) from the following: Abbott Diabetes Care, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Daiichi Sankyo, Eli Lilly, Medtrust, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Novo Nordisk, Roche Diabetes Care, Sanofi, and Spar. A.\u00a0Zirlik has received consultant fees from Bayer Health Care, Boehringer Ingelheim, Rigel, Cardiorentis, Medscape Stealth Peptides, Sanofi Aventis, Medtronic, Norvatis and                                                                                                               honoraria for lectures from Bayer Health Care, Astra Zeneca, Medtronic, ResMed, Boehringer Ingelheim, Rigel, Sanofi Aventis, Pfizer, Janssen-Cilag, Novartis, Bristol Myers Squibb, Thoratec, Abiomed, Daiichi Sankyo, Abbott and Cardiac Dimensions. A.L.\u00a0Catapano has received honoraria, lecture fees, or research grants from the following: Amarin, Sigma-Tau, Menarini, Kowa, Recordati, Eli Lilly, AstraZeneca, Mediolanum, Pfizer, Merck, Sanofi, Aegerion, Amgen, Genzyme, Bayer, Sanofi, Regeneron, Daiichi Sankyo, and The Corpus. The work of A.L.\u00a0Catapano is supported in part by the Italian Ministry of Health\u2014Ricerca Corrente.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving human participants or on human tissue were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committee and with the 1975 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants for being included in the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical standards"}}]}}