{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T12:58:17Z","timestamp":1781355497559,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":110,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3-4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,18]],"date-time":"2024-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713398400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,18]],"date-time":"2024-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713398400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005788","name":"Medical University of Vienna","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005788","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Wien Klin Wochenschr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A\u00a0complete review of the development of neonatology in the last 40\u00a0years would probably require a compendium with several volumes, to bring to view the remarkable improvements in survival rates and neurodevelopmental outcomes of ill babies in Austria, most industrial countries and to some extent worldwide. The challenge I\u00a0had to solve here was to integrate my own contributions to the field of neonatology during this period and particularly the contributions of my team from the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescence Medicine, Medical University Vienna where I\u00a0was working first as an intern and resident and later had the privilege to become head of department.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This very personal review was conceived to showcase the milestones of neonatology where, in my opinion, our department made some meaningful contributions in research and clinical practice during the past 40\u00a0years.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A total of 10 areas of interest were selected which most likely influenced survival rates of preterm infants born at increasingly younger gestational ages and ameliorated long-term clinical and neurodevelopmental outcomes, including:<\/jats:p>\n            <jats:p>1)\u00a0Construction and continuous modernization of neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). 2)\u00a0Installation of the \u201cRegionalization Program for NICUs in Vienna\u201d. 3)\u00a0Treatment of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) of premature babies. 4)\u00a0Fine tuning of glucose metabolism for growth and outcome. 5)\u00a0Neurodevelopmental care. 6)\u00a0Neonatal hematology. 7)\u00a0Infection control. 8)\u00a0The toxoplasma screening program. 9)\u00a0The newborn screening program. 10)\u00a0Quality control: the Vermont Oxford Neonatal Network (VONN).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Over the past four decades advancements in research and technology have allowed a\u00a0transformative development of neonatal medicine. Survival rates without increased morbidity for very premature infants with gestational ages reaching to what we consider nowadays the border of viability have constantly increased. In my professional life as a neonatologist in Austria I\u00a0have had the possibility to support and shape some of these developments together with my team.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>As we look ahead it is imperative to build upon the progress made, harnessing the power of science and technology to further improve the survival and quality of life for preterm infants in Austria and worldwide. At the same time, neonatology must continue to prioritize ethical reflection and education, fostering a\u00a0culture of integrity, interdisciplinary collaboration, and the development of guidelines and protocols that uphold ethical standards while addressing the evolving needs and complexities of neonatal medicine.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00508-024-02360-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,18]],"date-time":"2024-04-18T07:01:56Z","timestamp":1713423716000},"page":"69-78","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["40\u00a0years neonatology"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"137","author":[{"given":"Arnold","family":"Pollak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2360_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cutler DM. 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