{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T22:40:46Z","timestamp":1773787246076,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"15-16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,23]],"date-time":"2024-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724371200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,23]],"date-time":"2024-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724371200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010624","name":"Karabuk University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010624","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Wien Klin Wochenschr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>With widespread smartphone use, there is growing concern about their potential impact on human health.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The effects of smartphone use on self-reported hearing ability, tinnitus, balance, falls, and anxiety level were investigated in this study.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This study included 682 participants who were divided into 2 groups: a\u00a0high smartphone use (HSU) group and a\u00a0low smartphone use (LSU) group. Both groups were evaluated for hearing ability using the Amsterdam inventory for auditory disability and handicap; balance status using the vertigo, dizziness, imbalance symptom scale; anxiety status using the Beck anxiety index; and fall and tinnitus status using the visual analog scale.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The HSU group showed significantly worse hearing ability, tinnitus, balance, falling, and anxiety status results than the LSU group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f&lt;\u20090.001). There was a\u00a0positive correlation between smartphone addiction severity and auditory impairment, tinnitus, risk of falling, and anxiety, as well as a\u00a0negative correlation with balance score (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f&lt;\u20090.001).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The findings suggest that individuals with excessive smartphone use are more likely to experience hearing, tinnitus, balance, falling, and anxiety problems than those who use smartphones less frequently. Excessive smartphone use may be considered a\u00a0potential risk factor for these problems.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00508-024-02418-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,23]],"date-time":"2024-08-23T18:45:29Z","timestamp":1724438729000},"page":"520-526","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Excessive smartphone use increases self-reported auditory and vestibular symptoms"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"137","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7554-3048","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emre","family":"S\u00f6ylemez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0074-307X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehmet","family":"Da\u011f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0031-7203","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdulkadir","family":"Ilgaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9510-8636","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bekir","family":"Korkmaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2031-5862","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00dcmit","family":"Top\u00e7uo\u011flu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7468-0537","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmet D\u00fcha","family":"Ko\u00e7","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6518-773X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Serdar","family":"Ensari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2418_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.4.2015.010","volume":"4","author":"K Demirci","year":"2015","unstructured":"Demirci\u00a0K, Akg\u00f6n\u00fcl\u00a0M, Akpinar\u00a0A. Relationship of smartphone use severity with sleep quality, depression, and anxiety in university students. J\u00a0Behav Addict. 2015;4(2):85\u201392.","journal-title":"J Behav Addict"},{"key":"2418_CR2","volume-title":"JIM-Studie 2019 \u2013 Jugend, Information, Medien: Basisstudie zum Medienumgang 12- bis 19-J\u00e4hriger in Deutschland","author":"Medienp\u00e4dagogischer Forschungsverband S\u00fcdwest (MPFS)","year":"2019","unstructured":"Medienp\u00e4dagogischer Forschungsverband S\u00fcdwest (MPFS). JIM-Studie 2019 \u2013 Jugend, Information, Medien: Basisstudie zum Medienumgang 12- bis 19-J\u00e4hriger in Deutschland. Stuttgart. 2019."},{"issue":"12","key":"2418_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e83558","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0083558","volume":"8","author":"M Kwon","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kwon\u00a0M, Kim\u00a0DJ, Cho\u00a0H, Yang\u00a0S. The smartphone addiction scale: Development and validation of a\u00a0short version for adolescents. Plos One. 2013;8(12):e83558.","journal-title":"Plos One"},{"key":"2418_CR4","first-page":"118","volume-title":"Internet Addiction Survey","author":"South Korea National Information Society Agency","year":"2011","unstructured":"South Korea National Information Society Agency. Internet Addiction Survey. Seoul: National Information Society Agency; 2011. pp.\u00a0118\u20139."},{"issue":"2","key":"2418_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e56936","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0056936","volume":"8","author":"M Kwon","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kwon\u00a0M, Lee\u00a0JY, Won\u00a0WY, Park\u00a0JW, Min\u00a0JA, Hahn\u00a0C, et\u00a0al. Development and validation of a\u00a0smartphone addiction scale (SAS). Plos One. 2013;8(2):e56936.","journal-title":"Plos One"},{"issue":"9","key":"2418_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3528","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph8093528","volume":"8","author":"DJ Kuss","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kuss\u00a0DJ, Griffiths\u00a0MD. Online social networking and addiction\u2014a review of the psychological literature. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2011;8(9):3528\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph8093528. Epub 2011 Aug 29. PMID: 22016701; PMCID: PMC3194102.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"2418_CR7","first-page":"1","volume":"14","author":"Advisory Group on Non-ionising Radiation (AGNIR).","year":"2003","unstructured":"Advisory Group on Non-ionising Radiation (AGNIR).. Health effects from radiofrequency electromagnetic fields: report of an independent Advisory Group of Non-Ionising. Radiation Doc Nrpb. 2003;14:1\u2013177.","journal-title":"Radiation Doc Nrpb"},{"key":"2418_CR8","unstructured":"Independent Expert Group on Mobile Phones (IEGMP).. Mobile phones and health. Chilton, Didcot: national radiological protection. Board. 2000;."},{"key":"2418_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.bioeng.4.020702.153447","volume":"4","author":"OP Gandhi","year":"2002","unstructured":"Gandhi\u00a0OP. Electromagnetic fields: human safety issues. Annu Rev Biomed Eng. 2002;4:211\u201334.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Biomed Eng"},{"issue":"6","key":"2418_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ede.0000142519.00772.bf","volume":"15","author":"S L\u00f6nn","year":"2004","unstructured":"L\u00f6nn\u00a0S, Ahlbom\u00a0A, Hall\u00a0P, Feychting\u00a0M. Mobile phone use and the risk of acoustic neuroma. Epidemiology. 2004;15(6):653\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.ede.0000142519.00772.bf.","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"2418_CR11","first-page":"399","volume":"22","author":"L Hardell","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hardell\u00a0L, Mild\u00a0KH, Carlberg\u00a0M. Further aspects on cellular and cordless telephones and brain tumours. Int J Oncol. 2003;22(2):399\u2013407.","journal-title":"Int J Oncol"},{"key":"2418_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6602764","volume":"93","author":"MJ Schoemaker","year":"2005","unstructured":"Schoemaker\u00a0MJ, Swerdlow\u00a0AJ, Ahlbom\u00a0A, Auvinen\u00a0A, Blaasaas\u00a0KG, Cardis\u00a0E, Christensen\u00a0HC, et\u00a0al. Mobile phone use and risk of acoustic neuroma: Results of the interphone case-control study in five North European countries. Br J Cancer. 2005;93:842\u20138.","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"issue":"4","key":"2418_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.4103\/0022-3859.201419","volume":"63","author":"S Das","year":"2017","unstructured":"Das\u00a0S, Chakraborty\u00a0S, Mahanta\u00a0B. A study on the effect of prolonged mobile phone use on pure tone audiometry thresholds of medical students of Sikkim. J\u00a0Postgrad Med. 2017;63(4):221\u20135.","journal-title":"J Postgrad Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2418_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1080\/15368370600572938","volume":"25","author":"MF Oktay","year":"2006","unstructured":"Oktay\u00a0MF, Dasdag\u00a0S. Effects of intensive and moderate cellular phone use on hearing function. Electromagn Biol Med. 2006;25(1):13\u201321.","journal-title":"Electromagn Biol Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2418_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.14198\/jhse.2019.144.08","volume":"14","author":"D Lee","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lee\u00a0D, Han\u00a0C, Lee\u00a0H, Shin\u00a0D. Effects of a\u00a0smart phone-based game on balance ability and dizziness in healthy adult individuals. J\u00a0Hum Sport Exerc. 2019;14(4):793\u2013801.","journal-title":"J Hum Sport Exerc"},{"issue":"17","key":"2418_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10723","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191710723","volume":"19","author":"SW Wah","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wah\u00a0SW, Chatchawan\u00a0U, Chatprem\u00a0T, et\u00a0al. Prevalence of static balance impairment and associated factors of university student Smartphone users with subclinical neck pain: cross-sectional study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(17):10723.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"2418_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.3233\/VES-2008-182-309","volume":"18(2\u20133","author":"B Yanik","year":"2008","unstructured":"Yanik\u00a0B, K\u00fclc\u00fc\u00a0DG, Kurtais\u00a0Y, Boynukalin\u00a0S, Kurtarah\u00a0H, G\u00f6kmen\u00a0D. The reliability and validity of the vertigo symptom scale and the vertigo dizziness imbalance questionnaires in a\u00a0Turkish patient population with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. J\u00a0Vestib Res. 2008;18(2\u20133:159\u201370.","journal-title":"J Vestib Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"2418_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.4103\/jisha.JISHA_1_17","volume":"30","author":"B Mujdeci","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mujdeci\u00a0B, Inal\u00a0O, Turky\u0131lmaz\u00a0MD, Kose\u00a0K. Turkish translation, reliability and validity of the Amsterdam inventory for auditory disability and handicap. J\u00a0Indian Speech Lang Hear Assoc. 2016;30(2):40\u20136.","journal-title":"J Indian Speech Lang Hear Assoc"},{"issue":"12","key":"2418_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2009.048116","volume":"67","author":"HP Hutter","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hutter\u00a0HP, Moshammer\u00a0H, Wallner\u00a0P, Cartellieri\u00a0M, Denk-Linnert\u00a0D, MKatzinger\u00a0M, et\u00a0al. Tinnitus and mobile phone use. Occup Environ Med. 2010;67(12):804\u20138.","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"2418_CR20","volume-title":"International classification of functioning, disability and health","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2001","unstructured":"World Health Organization. International classification of functioning, disability and health. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2001."},{"issue":"2","key":"2418_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.29.221","volume":"29","author":"YH Park","year":"2007","unstructured":"Park\u00a0YH, An\u00a0CM, Moon\u00a0SJ. Effects of visual fatigue caused by smartphones on balance function in healthy adults. J\u00a0Phys Ther Sci. 2007;29(2):221\u20133.","journal-title":"J Phys Ther Sci"},{"key":"2418_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2018.04.016","volume":"110","author":"RS Melo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Melo\u00a0RS, Lemos\u00a0A, Raposo\u00a0MCF, Belian\u00a0RB, Ferraz\u00a0KM. Balance performance of children and adolescents with sensorineural hearing loss: Repercussions of hearing loss degrees and etiological factors. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2018;110:16\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijporl.2018.04.016. Epub 2018 Apr 21. PMID: 29859579.","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2418_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2004.09.008","volume":"132","author":"HW Pau","year":"2005","unstructured":"Pau\u00a0HW, Sievert\u00a0U, Eggert\u00a0S, Wild\u00a0W. Can electromagnetic fields emitted by mobile phones stimulate the vestibular organ? Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2005;132(1):43\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.otohns.2004.09.008.","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"2418_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-944769","volume":"86","author":"U Sievert","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sievert\u00a0U, Eggert\u00a0S, Goltz\u00a0S, Pau\u00a0HW. Effects of electromagnetic fields emitted by cellular phone on auditory and vestibular labyrinth. Laryngorhinootologie. 2007;86(4):264\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-2006-944769.","journal-title":"Laryngorhinootologie"},{"issue":"6","key":"2418_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.3109\/00016489409126109","volume":"114","author":"A Shupak","year":"1994","unstructured":"Shupak\u00a0A, Bar-El\u00a0E, Podoshin\u00a0L, Spitzer\u00a0O, Gordon\u00a0CR, Ben-David\u00a0J. Vestibular findings associated with chronic noise induced hearing impairment. Acta Otolaryngol. 1994;114(6):579\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/00016489409126109.","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2418_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0000000000000489","volume":"39","author":"B Wollesen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wollesen\u00a0B, Scrivener\u00a0K, Soles\u00a0K, Billy\u00a0Y, Leung\u00a0A, Martin\u00a0F, Iconomou\u00a0N, McMahon\u00a0C, Dean\u00a0C. Dual-task walking performance in older persons with hearing impairment: implications for interventions from a\u00a0preliminary observational study. Ear Hear. 2018;39(2):337\u201343.","journal-title":"Ear Hear"},{"issue":"2","key":"2418_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.27.527","volume":"27","author":"IH Hyong","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hyong\u00a0IH. The effects on dynamic balance of dual-tasking using smartphone functions. J\u00a0Phys Ther Sci. 2015;27(2):527\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1589\/jpts.27.527.","journal-title":"J Phys Ther Sci"},{"key":"2418_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106346","volume":"106","author":"GN Mourra","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mourra\u00a0GN, S\u00e9n\u00e9cal\u00a0S, Fredette\u00a0M, Lepore\u00a0F, Faubert\u00a0J, Bellavance\u00a0F, Cameron\u00a0AF, Labont\u00e9-LeMoyne \u00c9, L\u00e9ger\u00a0PM. Using a\u00a0smartphone while walking: The cost of smartphone-addiction proneness. Addict Behav. 2020;106:106346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106346.","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"issue":"2","key":"2418_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-014-0176-x","volume":"44","author":"S Lemola","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lemola\u00a0S, Perkinson-Gloor\u00a0N, Brand\u00a0S, Dewald-Kaufmann\u00a0JF, Grob\u00a0A. Adolescents\u2019 electronic media use at night, sleep disturbance, and depressive symptoms in the smartphone age. J\u00a0Youth Adolesc. 2015;44(2):405\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10964-014-0176-x.","journal-title":"J Youth Adolesc"},{"issue":"4","key":"2418_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2869.2002.00314.x","volume":"11","author":"R Huber","year":"2002","unstructured":"Huber\u00a0R, Treyer\u00a0V, Borb\u00e9ly\u00a0AA, Schuderer\u00a0J, Gottselig\u00a0JM, Landolt\u00a0HP, Werth\u00a0E, Berthold\u00a0T, Kuster\u00a0N, Buck\u00a0A, Achermann\u00a0P. Electromagnetic fields, such as those from mobile phones, alter regional cerebral blood flow and sleep and waking EEG. J\u00a0Sleep Res. 2002;11(4):289\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1365-2869.2002.00314.x.","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2418_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000417","volume":"30","author":"M Dieterich","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dieterich\u00a0M, Staab\u00a0JP. Functional dizziness: from phobic postural vertigo and chronic subjective dizziness to persistent postural-perceptual dizziness. Curr Opin Neurol. 2017;30(1):107\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000417.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2418_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1586\/ern.11.19","volume":"11","author":"CD Balaban","year":"2011","unstructured":"Balaban\u00a0CD, Jacob\u00a0RG, Furman\u00a0JM. Neurologic bases for comorbidity of balance disorders, anxiety disorders and migraine: neurotherapeutic implications. Expert Rev Neurother. 2011;11(3):379\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1586\/ern.11.19.","journal-title":"Expert Rev Neurother"},{"key":"2418_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humov.2015.01.015","volume":"40","author":"M Zaback","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zaback\u00a0M, Cleworth\u00a0TW, Carpenter\u00a0MG, Adkin\u00a0AL. Personality traits and individual differences predict threat-induced changes in postural control. Hum Mov Sci. 2015;40:393\u2013409. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.humov.2015.01.015.","journal-title":"Hum Mov Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2418_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-023-01376-z","volume":"11","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang\u00a0Y, Shang\u00a0S, Tian\u00a0L, Zhu\u00a0L, Zhang\u00a0W. The association between fear of missing out and mobile phone addiction: a\u00a0meta-analysis. BMC Psychol. 2023;11(1):338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40359-023-01376-z.","journal-title":"BMC Psychol"},{"key":"2418_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-16184-2_87","volume":"16","author":"S Cham","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cham\u00a0S, Algashami\u00a0A, Aldhayan\u00a0M, McAlaney\u00a0J, Phalp\u00a0K, Almourad\u00a0MB, Digital Addiction\u00a0AR. Negative life experiences and potential for technology-assisted. Solutions Adv Intell Syst Comput. 2019;16:921\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-16184-2_87.","journal-title":"Solutions Adv Intell Syst Comput"},{"issue":"12","key":"2418_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2136","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16122136","volume":"16","author":"M Altuwairiqi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Altuwairiqi\u00a0M, Jiang\u00a0N, Ali\u00a0R. Problematic Attachment to Social Media: Five Behavioural Archetypes. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16(12):2136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph16122136.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"}],"container-title":["Wiener klinische Wochenschrift"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00508-024-02418-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00508-024-02418-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00508-024-02418-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]],"date-time":"2025-09-05T20:56:03Z","timestamp":1757105763000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00508-024-02418-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,23]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"15-16","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["2418"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00508-024-02418-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0043-5325","1613-7671"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0043-5325","type":"print"},{"value":"1613-7671","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 March 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 July 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 August 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"E.\u00a0S\u00f6ylemez, M.\u00a0Da\u011f, A.\u00a0Ilgaz, B.\u00a0Korkmaz, \u00dc.\u00a0Top\u00e7uo\u011flu, A.\u00a0D.\u00a0Ko\u00e7 and S.\u00a0Ensari declare that they have no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving human participants or on human tissue were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committee and with the 1975 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Verbal and written consent were obtained from all participants in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was obtained for the study from the university (Meeting no: 2023\/2, decision no:\u00a029).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical standards"}}]}}