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Different materials have been used. Carbon fiber-reinforced resin implants were first introduced into calvaria reconstruction in 1996.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A\u00a0long-term study of such implants including subjective comfort data as well as a\u00a0radiological control of adjacent tissues and a\u00a0thorough clinical investigation seemed of value to see whether or not the implants were integrated and whether there were long-term complications.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>From a\u00a0collective of 27\u00a0patients with calvarial defects surgically treated at least 20\u00a0years ago with insertion of such an implant, 9\u00a0patients could be followed up. A\u00a0neurological and maxillofacial status was performed, The CT scans were obtained to assess the implant fit, changes in surrounding tissues and the brain. A\u00a0health-related quality of life evaluation was performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There was no implant loss or operative revision. No infection was experienced. Patient satisfaction was maximum in all cases. The stated restrictions in quality of life in the case histories, impaired esthetics, pain and dysesthesia, were completely cured after implantation and were permanent over more than 20\u00a0years. There were no neurological pathologies evoked by the reconstruction, except a\u00a0slight dysesthesia along the coronal scar and a\u00a0minor muscular atrophy of the temporal muscle in one case each. No other functional deficits were detected. The implant fit was undisturbed without any implant loosening or resorption of bone.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Carbon fiber-reinforced resin implants seem a\u00a0valuable option for calvarial reconstruction. The material proved to be biologically inert.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00508-025-02614-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]],"date-time":"2025-09-19T13:48:41Z","timestamp":1758289721000},"page":"158-166","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Long-term evaluation of patient-specific carbon fiber implants for calvarial defects"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"138","author":[{"given":"Michael","family":"Rasse","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Phillipe","family":"Dodier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6888-8232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christoph","family":"Sacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2614_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1097\/00002480-198804000-00005","volume":"11","author":"JM Anderson","year":"1988","unstructured":"Anderson\u00a0JM. 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Patients signed informed consent regarding publishing their data and photographs. The ethical approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of the Medical University of Vienna for conducting the present study (EK Nr.1299\/2019). The study was conducted in accordance with the Good Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical standards"}}]}}