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He wrote several classics of medical history that remain fundamental today. His\n                    <jats:italic>Biographical Encyclopedia of Outstanding Doctors of the Last Fifty Years<\/jats:italic>\n                    (1932\u20131933), for example, was a\u00a0major achievement in medical history and, until today, no medical history library could do without it; however, his influence on the social history of medicine, a\u00a0field that only began to evolve in the 1920s, has not yet been adequately recognized. This is due, among other reasons, to the fact that Fischer, who was of Jewish descent, experienced anti-Semitism throughout his career. His\n                    <jats:italic>History of the College of Physicians<\/jats:italic>\n                    was published before the Nazi takeover of Austria, but without mentioning his name. A\u00a0few months later, following the\n                    <jats:italic>Anschluss<\/jats:italic>\n                    (annexation) he was forced to flee Austria. His life is paradigmatic of Austrian medical history in the interwar period. His Jewish descent, coupled with repeated accusations that he pursued an academic career in medical history to gain financial advantage for his gynecological practice, resulted in his being denied an associate professorship. An extensive study of archival materials, mainly in Viennese archives, now makes it possible for the first time to draw a\u00a0comprehensive picture of Fischer\u2019s work and to explain why, despite his considerable achievements as a\u00a0medical historian, Fischer was denied a\u00a0career and described as an outsider of medical history in Vienna.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00508-025-02616-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]],"date-time":"2025-09-19T09:39:49Z","timestamp":1758274789000},"page":"267-277","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The life and work of Isidor Fischer (1868\u20131943)\u2014A\u00a0pioneer of the social history of medicine"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"138","author":[{"given":"Josef","family":"Hlade","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2616_CR1","first-page":"246","volume-title":"Medizingeschichte und gesellschaftskritik: festschrift f\u00fcr gerhard baader","author":"M Hubenstorf","year":"1997","unstructured":"Hubenstorf\u00a0M. 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