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Geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede beeinflussen die Pathophysiologie, das Screening und die Diagnose von Diabetes sowie Behandlungsstrategien und die Entwicklung von Komplikationen und die Mortalit\u00e4tsraten. Ver\u00e4nderungen im Glukose- und Lipidstoffwechsel, die Regulation von Energiehaushalt und K\u00f6rperfettverteilung sowie Diabetes-assoziierte Begleiterkrankungen werden stark von Steroid- und Sexualhormonen, aber auch von Lebensstil, Umweltfaktoren, Einkommen und psychosozialen Faktoren beeinflusst. M\u00e4nner weisen im j\u00fcngeren Alter und bei niedrigerem BMI ein h\u00f6heres Risiko f\u00fcr Typ-2-Diabetes (T2DM) auf als Frauen, die wiederum bei Diagnose einen h\u00f6heren BMI und \u00f6fter Hypertonie aufweisen und von einem starken Anstieg im Risiko f\u00fcr kardiometabolische Erkrankungen nach der Menopause betroffen sind. Frauen d\u00fcrften durch Diabetes auch etwas mehr Lebensjahre verlieren als M\u00e4nner, wobei die h\u00f6here Mortalit\u00e4t haupts\u00e4chlich auf vaskul\u00e4re Komplikationen zur\u00fcckgef\u00fchrt werden kann. Bei M\u00e4nnern mit Diabetes scheint daf\u00fcr der Mortalit\u00e4tsanstieg durch Krebs gewichtiger als bei Frauen zu sein. Beide Geschlechter profitieren von Pr\u00e4ventionsprogrammen mit einer Risikoreduktion f\u00fcr T2DM. Frauen weisen \u00f6fter eine gest\u00f6rte Glukosetoleranz, M\u00e4nner hingegen erh\u00f6hte N\u00fcchternblutzuckerspiegel auf. H\u00f6here Androgenspiegel sowie ein fr\u00fcherer GDM sind bei Frauen wichtige Risikofaktoren, eine erektile Dysfunktion bzw. niedrige Testosteronwerte bei M\u00e4nnern. Frauen erreichen in der Therapie weniger oft die Zielwerte f\u00fcr HbA\n                    <jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub>\n                    , LDL-Cholesterin oder Blutdruck. In der medikament\u00f6sen Behandlung sollen geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede in der Wirkung, Pharmakokinetik und in den Nebenwirkungen mehr Beachtung finden und individuelle Zielwerte bei M\u00e4nnern und Frauen erreicht werden.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00508-025-02634-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T22:16:15Z","timestamp":1779315375000},"page":"345-359","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Geschlechtsspezifische Aspekte bei Pr\u00e4diabetes und Diabetes mellitus\u00a0\u2013 klinische Empfehlungen (Update 2026)","Sex and gender-specific aspects in prediabetes and diabetes mellitus - Clinical recommendations (Update 2026)"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"138","author":[{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Kautzky-Willer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Leutner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heidemarie","family":"Abrahamian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Fr\u00fchwald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fritz","family":"Hoppichler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Lechleitner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"Harreiter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2634_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2015-1137","volume":"37","author":"A Kautzky-Willer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kautzky-Willer\u00a0A, Harreiter\u00a0J, Pacini\u00a0G. 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