{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T09:24:36Z","timestamp":1787217876297,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"15-16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770249600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770249600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005564","name":"Gilead Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005564","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005788","name":"Medical University of Vienna","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005788","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Wien Klin Wochenschr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chronic hepatitis\u00a0D (CHD) is a\u00a0severe viral hepatitis characterized by a\u00a0rapid progression towards advanced chronic liver disease (ACLD). This study aimed to characterize the Austrian CHD epidemiology with respect to disease severity, systemic inflammation and genetic markers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients attending one of six participating hospitals from 2020 onwards were included and assessed regarding laboratory data, liver stiffness measurement (LSM) and biopsy, hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) measurement, endoscopy and imaging. In a\u00a0subset, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes of interest (IL28B, PNPLA3, SERPINA1, NTCP) were assessed. Biomarkers of liver disease severity were compared to an age-matched cohort of treatment-eligible and treatment-na\u00efve chronic hepatitis\u00a0B (CHB) patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 59 CHD patients (median age: 44.0 years, 59.3% male) were included and ACLD was found in 62.7%. Decompensated patients exhibited higher levels of biomarkers of systemic inflammation, such as C\u2011reactive protein (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u20090.061) and interleukin 6 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u20090.008). The SNP IL28B C\/C genotype had an unfavorable effect on disease severity (higher Model for End-Stage Liver Disease [MELD] score, HVPG and ammonia levels, lower platelet counts and albumin levels, all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&lt;\u20090.05). The CHD patients showed a\u00a0more severe liver disease compared to CHB mono-infected patients with respect to LSM, platelets, MELD and portal hypertension (all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&lt;\u20090.01).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This analysis of the Austrian CHD cohort before initiation of antiviral treatment showed a\u00a0high burden of ACLD and portal hypertension, especially when compared to CHB patients. The IL28B C\/C SNP was associated with a\u00a0more severe liver disease in CHD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00508-026-02700-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T11:00:55Z","timestamp":1770289255000},"page":"483-494","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Chronic hepatitis\u00a0D in Austria: high burden of cirrhosis and portal hypertension, IL28B C\/C as unfavorable factor, increased systemic inflammation in decompensation"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"138","author":[{"given":"Michael","family":"Schwarz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Schwarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David J. 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United European Gastroenterol J. 2021;9(10):1119\u201327.","journal-title":"United European Gastroenterol J"}],"container-title":["Wiener klinische Wochenschrift"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00508-026-02700-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00508-026-02700-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00508-026-02700-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T08:37:03Z","timestamp":1787215023000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00508-026-02700-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"15-16","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["2700"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00508-026-02700-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["0043-5325","1613-7671"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0043-5325","type":"print"},{"value":"1613-7671","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 July 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 January 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 February 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"M.\u00a0Schwarz received travel support from MSD, Sandoz, BMS, AbbVie and Gilead; received speaking honoraria from BMS and Gilead; received consulting fees from Gilead. C.\u00a0Schwarz received travel support from Gilead, Abbvie, Gal\u00e1pagos, and Gebro; speaking honoraria from Abbvie and Gilead and payments for consulting from Gilead. D.J.M.\u00a0Bauer received travel support from Gilead and AbbVie; speaking honoraria from AbbVie and Siemens and grant support from Gilead and AbbVie. M. Hintersteininger: nothing to disclose. M.\u00a0Panzer served as a speaker and\/or consultant and\/or advisory board member for MSD, AbbVie, Intercept, and Gilead, and received travel support from Gilead and AbbVie. M.\u00a0Strasser: nothing to disclose. S. Reiter: nothing to disclose. L.\u00a0Dorn: nothing to disclose. A.\u00a0Maieron received grant support from Abbvie and Gilead; speaking honoraria from Abbvie, Gilead, Janssen, Roche, Intercept, and MSD; consulting\/advisory board fees from Abbvie, Gilead, Janssen, Roche, Intercept, Norgine, and MSD; and travel support from Abbvie, Gilead and Roche. A.\u00a0Moschen received research support from AbbVie and Takeda under the framework of the Christian Doppler Research Society; received further consultation fees and\/or speaker honoraria from AbbVie, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Takeda, Janssen-Cilag, Amgen, Sandoz, Nestl\u00e9, Ferring, Falk, and Pfizer. E.\u00a0Aigner: nothing to disclose. M.\u00a0Trauner received grant support from Albireo, Alnylam, Cymabay, Falk, Gilead, Intercept, MSD, Takeda and UltraGenyx; honoraria for consulting from AbbVie, Albireo, Boehringer Ingelheim, BiomX, Falk, Genfit, Gilead, Hightide, Intercept, Janssen, MSD, Novartis, Phenex, Pliant, Regulus, Shire, and Siemens; speaker fees from Albireo, Bristol Myers Squibb, Falk, Gilead, Intercept, Madrigal, and MSD as well as travel support from AbbVie, Falk, Gilead, and Intercept. He is also co-inventor on patents on the medical use of norUDCA\/norucholic acid filed by the Medical University of Vienna. A.F.\u00a0St\u00e4ttermayer: nothing to disclose. M.\u00a0Mandorfer served as a speaker and\/or consultant and\/or advisory board member for AbbVie, Collective Acumen, Echosens, Gilead, Takeda, and W. L.\u00a0Gore & Associates and received travel support from AbbVie and Gilead. H.\u00a0Zoller received speaker honoria from Abbvie, Bayer, BMS, Falk Foundation, Gilead, Intercept, Merck, MSD, Novartis, Pierre-Fabre, Pharmacosmos and Vifor; he has advised for Abbvie, Bayer, Eisai, Gilead, Intercept, MSD, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Shire, Pierre-Fabre, Pharmacosmos, and Vifor. He further received travel grants from Abbvie, Bayer, Gilead, and Intercept, and research grants from Abbvie, Gilead, MSD, Novartis, Pharmacosmos, and Vifor. M.\u00a0Gschwantler received grant support from Abbvie, Gilead, and MSD; speaking honoraria from Abbvie, Gilead, Janssen, Roche, Intercept, and MSD; consulting\/advisory board fees from Abbvie, Gilead, Janssen, Roche, Intercept, Norgine, AstraZeneca, Falk, Shionogi, and MSD; and travel support from Abbvie and Gilead. T.\u00a0Reiberger served as a speaker and\/or consultant and\/or advisory board member speaking honoraria from AbbVie, Bayer, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Gilead, Intercept, MSD, Roche, Siemens, and W. L.\u00a0Gore & Associates and received travel support from AbbVie, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Gilead, and Roche as well as grants\/research support from AbbVie, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Gilead, Intercept, MSD, Myr Pharmaceuticals, Philips Healthcare, Pliant, Siemens, and W. L. Gore & Associates; he is a\u00a0Section Editor of Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift. M.\u00a0Jachs served as a speaker and\/or consultant for Gilead and received travel support from Gilead.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving human participants or on human tissue were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committee and with the 1975 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical standards","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}