{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T14:29:26Z","timestamp":1791901766928,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,8]],"date-time":"2005-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1112918400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Support Care Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,11]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-005-0807-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,7]],"date-time":"2005-04-07T14:34:55Z","timestamp":1112884495000},"page":"888-894","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":91,"title":["A validation study of the WHO analgesic ladder: a two-step vs three-step strategy"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Marco","family":"Maltoni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emanuela","family":"Scarpi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caterina","family":"Modonesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Passardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastiano","family":"Calpona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriana","family":"Turriziani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raffaella","family":"Speranza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Davide","family":"Tassinari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierantonio","family":"Magnani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denis","family":"Saccani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Montanari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Britt","family":"Roudnas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dino","family":"Amadori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"807_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1874","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1995.03530230060032","volume":"274","author":"American Pain Society Quality of Care Committee","year":"1995","unstructured":"American Pain Society Quality of Care Committee (1995) Quality improvement guidelines for the treatment of acute pain and cancer pain. JAMA 274:1874\u20131880","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"807_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(92)90256-B","volume":"51","author":"MA Ashby","year":"1992","unstructured":"Ashby MA, Fleming BG, Brooksbank M et al (1992) Description of a mechanistic approach to pain management in advanced cancer. Preliminary report. Pain 51:153\u2013161","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"807_CR3","volume-title":"The management of pain","author":"JJ Bonica","year":"1990","unstructured":"Bonica JJ (1990) Cancer pain. In: Bonica JJ (ed) The management of pain, 2nd edn. Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, PA","edition":"2"},{"key":"807_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1177\/026921639500900308","volume":"9","author":"DJ Brooks","year":"1995","unstructured":"Brooks DJ, Gamble W, Ahmedzai S (1995) A regional survey of opioid use by patients receiving specialist palliative care. Palliat Med 9:229\u2013238","journal-title":"Palliat Med"},{"key":"807_CR5","first-page":"1437","volume-title":"Textbook of pain","author":"NI Cherny","year":"1994","unstructured":"Cherny NI, Portenoy RK (1994) Practical issues in the management of cancer pain. In: Wall PD, Melzach R (eds) Textbook of pain. Churchill Livingstone, London, UK, pp 1437\u20131468"},{"key":"807_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199403033300902","volume":"330","author":"CS Cleeland","year":"1994","unstructured":"Cleeland CS, Gonin R, Hatfield AK et al (1994) Pain and its treatment in outpatients with metastatic cancer. N Engl J Med 330:592\u2013596","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"807_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1999.17.1.361","volume":"17","author":"SL Pen Du","year":"1999","unstructured":"Du Pen SL, Du Pen AR, Polissar N et al (1999) Implementing guidelines for cancer pain management: results of a randomized controlled clinical trial. J Clin Oncol 17:361\u2013370","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"807_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2756","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1994.12.12.2756","volume":"12","author":"E Eisemberg","year":"1994","unstructured":"Eisemberg E, Berkey CS, Carr DB et al (1994) Efficacy and safety of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs for cancer pain: a meta-analysis. J Clin Oncol 12:2756\u20132765","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"807_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02527888","volume":"8","author":"R Freynhagen","year":"1994","unstructured":"Freynhagen R, Zenz M, Strumpf M (1994) WHO step II: clinical reality or a didactic instrument? Schmerz 8:210\u2013215","journal-title":"Schmerz"},{"key":"807_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/S0885-3924(99)00060-3","volume":"18","author":"S Grond","year":"1999","unstructured":"Grond S, Radbruch L, Menser T (1999) High-dose tramadol in comparison to low-dose morphine for cancer pain relief. J Pain Symptom Manage 18:174\u2013179","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manage"},{"key":"807_CR11","first-page":"22","volume-title":"Statistical principles for clinical trials","author":"ICH Harmonised Tripartite Guideline","year":"1998","unstructured":"ICH Harmonised Tripartite Guideline (1998) Statistical principles for clinical trials. The European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products, London, pp 22\u201324"},{"key":"807_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1870","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1995.03530230056031","volume":"274","author":"AR Jadad","year":"1995","unstructured":"Jadad AR, Browman GP (1995) The WHO analgesic ladder for cancer pain management. Stepping up the quality of its evaluation. JAMA 274:1870\u20131873","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"807_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1191\/026921600670697351","volume":"14","author":"KS Kumar","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kumar KS, Rajagopal MR, Naseema AM (2000) Intravenous morphine for emergency treatment of cancer pain. Palliat Med 14:183\u2013188","journal-title":"Palliat Med"},{"key":"807_CR14","first-page":"1","volume":"8","author":"AV Laudico","year":"1995","unstructured":"Laudico AV (1995) Cancer pain relief: a primary health care issue in the Philippines. Cancer Pain Release 8:1\u20134","journal-title":"Cancer Pain Release"},{"key":"807_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2003.10.006","volume":"27","author":"F Marinangeli","year":"2004","unstructured":"Marinangeli F, Ciccozzi A, Leonardis M et al (2004) Use of strong opioids in advanced cancer pain: a randomized trial. J Pain Symptom Manage 27:409\u2013416","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manage"},{"key":"807_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/S0885-3924(98)80004-3","volume":"15","author":"S Mercadante","year":"1998","unstructured":"Mercadante S, Salvaggio L, Dardanoni G et al (1998) Dextropropoxyphene versus morphine in opioid-naive cancer patients with pain. J Pain Symptom Manage 15:76\u201381","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manage"},{"key":"807_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(01)00324-4","volume":"93","author":"T Meuser","year":"2001","unstructured":"Meuser T, Pietruck C, Radbruch L, Stute P, Lehmann KA, Grond S (2001) Symptoms during cancer pain treatment following WHO-guidelines: a longitudinal follow-up study of symptom prevalence, severity and etiology. Pain 93:247\u2013257","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"807_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(97)00157-7","volume":"74","author":"V Minotti","year":"1998","unstructured":"Minotti V, de Angelis V, Rigetti E et al (1998) Double blind evaluation of short-term analgesic efficacy of orally administered diclofenac, diclofenac plus codeine, and diclofenac plus imipramina in chronic cancer pain. Pain 74:133\u2013137","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"807_CR19","first-page":"105","volume":"10","author":"J Porta-Sales","year":"2003","unstructured":"Porta-Sales J, G\u00f2mez-Batiste X, Tuca-Rodriguez A, Madrid-Juan F, Espinosa-Rojas J, Trelis-Navarro J (2003) WHO analgesic ladder-or lift? Eur J Palliat Care 10:105\u2013109","journal-title":"Eur J Palliat Care"},{"key":"807_CR20","volume-title":"A guide to symptom relief in advanced cancer","author":"CFB Regnard","year":"1992","unstructured":"Regnard CFB, Tempest S (1992) A guide to symptom relief in advanced cancer. Haigh and Hochland, Manchester, UK"},{"key":"807_CR21","volume-title":"User\u2019s Guide, version 8.02","author":"SAS\/SAT","year":"1990","unstructured":"SAS\/SAT (1990) User\u2019s Guide, version 8.02. SAS Institute, Cary, NC"},{"key":"807_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(94)00178-H","volume":"61","author":"RC Serlin","year":"1995","unstructured":"Serlin RC, Mendoza TR, Nakamura Y, Edwards KR, Cleeland CS (1995) When is cancer pain mild, moderate or severe? Grading pain severity by its interference with function. Pain 61:277\u2013284","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"807_CR23","first-page":"7","volume-title":"Advances in pain research and therapy","author":"J Stjernsw\u00e4rd","year":"1990","unstructured":"Stjernsw\u00e4rd J, Teoh N (1990) The scope of the cancer pain problem. In: Foley KM, Bonica JJ, Ventafridda V, Callaway MV (eds) Advances in pain research and therapy. Raven Press, New York, NY, pp 7\u201312"},{"key":"807_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19870215)59:4<850::AID-CNCR2820590432>3.0.CO;2-1","volume":"59","author":"V Ventafridda","year":"1987","unstructured":"Ventafridda V, Tamburini M, Caraceni A, De Conno F, Naldi F (1987) A validation study of the WHO method for cancer pain relief. Cancer 59:850\u2013856","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"807_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/S0885-3924(99)00152-9","volume":"19","author":"APE Vielvoye-Kerkmcer","year":"2000","unstructured":"Vielvoye-Kerkmcer APE, Mattern C, Vitendaal MP (2000) Transdermal fentanyl in opioid-naive cancer pain patients: an open trial using transdermal fentanyl for the treatment of chronic cancer pain in opioid-naive patients and a group using codeine. J Pain Symptom Manage 19:185\u2013192","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manage"},{"key":"807_CR26","volume-title":"Cancer pain relief","author":"World Health Organization","year":"1986","unstructured":"World Health Organization (1986) Cancer pain relief. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland"},{"key":"807_CR27","volume-title":"Cancer pain relief and palliative care: report of a WHO expert committee. Technical report series 804","author":"World Health Organization","year":"1990","unstructured":"World Health Organization (1990) Cancer pain relief and palliative care: report of a WHO expert committee. Technical report series 804. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland"},{"key":"807_CR28","volume-title":"Cancer pain relief: with a guide to opioid availability","author":"World Health Organization","year":"1996","unstructured":"World Health Organization (1996) Cancer pain relief: with a guide to opioid availability. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland"},{"key":"807_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(95)00017-M","volume":"63","author":"DFJ Zech","year":"1995","unstructured":"Zech DFJ, Grond S, Lynch J, Hertel D, Lehmann KA (1995) Validation of World Health Organization guidelines for cancer pain relief: a 10-year prospective study. Pain 63:65\u201376","journal-title":"Pain"}],"container-title":["Supportive Care in Cancer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00520-005-0807-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00520-005-0807-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00520-005-0807-6","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,29]],"date-time":"2019-05-29T01:59:10Z","timestamp":1559095150000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00520-005-0807-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,8]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,11]]}},"alternative-id":["807"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00520-005-0807-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0941-4355","1433-7339"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0941-4355","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-7339","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,8]]}}}