{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T00:33:07Z","timestamp":1791678787194,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,14]],"date-time":"2019-06-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1560470400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,14]],"date-time":"2019-06-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1560470400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000777","name":"University of Leeds","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000777","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Support Care Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-019-04908-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,14]],"date-time":"2019-06-14T08:02:45Z","timestamp":1560499365000},"page":"1121-1129","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Palliative care assessment of dry mouth: what matters most to patients with advanced disease?"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Michelle","family":"Fleming","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheryl L.","family":"Craigs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael I.","family":"Bennett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"4908_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0528.1997.tb00928.x","volume":"25","author":"T Nederfors","year":"1997","unstructured":"Nederfors T, Isaksson R, M\u00f6rnstad H, Dahlof C (1997) Prevalence of perceived symptoms of dry mouth in an adult Swedish population-relation to age, sex and pharmacotherapy. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 25(3):211\u2013216","journal-title":"Community Dent Oral Epidemiol"},{"issue":"6842","key":"4908_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1612","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.304.6842.1612","volume":"304","author":"J Jobbins","year":"1992","unstructured":"Jobbins J, Bagg J, Finlay IG, Addy M, Newcombe RG (1992) Oral and dental disease in terminally ill cancer patients. Brit Med J 304(6842):1612","journal-title":"Brit Med J"},{"issue":"4","key":"4908_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1007\/s005200050070","volume":"5","author":"HJ Senn","year":"1997","unstructured":"Senn HJ (1997) Orphan topics in supportive care: how about xerostomia? Support Care Cancer 5(4):261\u2013262","journal-title":"Support Care Cancer"},{"issue":"4","key":"4908_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1016\/S0885-3924(01)00318-9","volume":"22","author":"AN Davies","year":"2001","unstructured":"Davies AN, Broadley K, Beighton D (2001) Xerostomia in patients with advanced cancer. J Pain Symptom Manag 22(4):820\u2013825","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manag"},{"key":"4908_CR5","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Salivary glands. Development, adaptations and disease","author":"I Miletich","year":"2010","unstructured":"Miletich I (2010) Introduction to salivary glands: structure, function and embryonic development. In: Tucker AS, Miletich I (eds) Salivary glands. Development, adaptations and disease, Front Oral Biol. Karger, Basal, pp 1\u201320"},{"key":"4908_CR6","unstructured":"Whelton H (2012) Introduction: the anatomy and physiology of salivary glands. In: Edgar WM, Mullane DM (eds) Saliva and oral health, 4th edn. Stephen Hancocks limited, pp 1\u201316"},{"key":"4908_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1159\/000358783","volume-title":"Saliva: secretion and functions","author":"W Van\u2019t Hof","year":"2014","unstructured":"Van\u2019t Hof W, Veerman ECI, Nieuw Amerongen AV, Ligtenberg AJM (2014) Antimicrobial defence systems in saliva. In: Ligtenberg AJM, Veerman ECI (eds) Saliva: secretion and functions, Monogr Oral Sci. Karger, Basal, pp 40\u201351"},{"key":"4908_CR8","unstructured":"Twycross R, Wilcock A, Toller C (2009) (eds) Symptom management in advanced cancer, 4th edn. Palliativedrugs.com Ltd, pp 62\u20135"},{"issue":"7","key":"4908_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.12968\/ijpn.2002.8.7.10671","volume":"8","author":"M Rydholm","year":"2002","unstructured":"Rydholm M, Strang P (2002) Physical and psychosocial impact of xerostomia in palliative cancer care: a qualitative interview study. Int J Palliat Nurs 8(7):318\u2013332","journal-title":"Int J Palliat Nurs"},{"issue":"4","key":"4908_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(88)90268-X","volume":"66","author":"LM Sreebny","year":"1988","unstructured":"Sreebny LM, Valdini A (1988) Xerostomia. Part I: relationship to other oral symptoms and salivary gland hypofunction. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 66(4):451\u2013458","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4908_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1177\/0269216309102528","volume":"23","author":"M Agar","year":"2009","unstructured":"Agar M, Currow D, Plummer J, Seidel R, Carnahan R, Abernethy AP (2009) Changes in anticholinergic load from regular prescribed medications in palliative care as death approaches. Palliat Med 23(3):257\u2013265","journal-title":"Palliat Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"4908_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1089\/jpm.2011.0191","volume":"14","author":"C Sheehan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sheehan C, Clark K, Lam L, Chye R (2011) A retrospective analysis of primary diagnosis, comorbidities, anticholinergic load, and other factors on treatment for noisy respiratory secretions at the end of life. Palliat Med 14(11):1211\u20131216","journal-title":"Palliat Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"4908_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-014-2477-8","volume":"23","author":"S Hanchanale","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hanchanale S, Adkinson L, Daniel S, Fleming M, Oxberry SG (2015) Systematic literature review: xerostomia in advanced cancer patients. Support Care Cancer 23(3):881\u2013888","journal-title":"Support Care Cancer"},{"issue":"3","key":"4908_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1177\/026921639701100307","volume":"11","author":"MP Sweeney","year":"1997","unstructured":"Sweeney MP, Bagg J, Baxter WP, Aitchison TC (1997) Clinical trial of a mucin-containing oral spray for treatment of xerostomia in hospice patients. Palliat Med 11(3):225\u2013232","journal-title":"Palliat Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"4908_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1191\/026921698670435903","volume":"12","author":"AN Davies","year":"1998","unstructured":"Davies AN, Daniels C, Pugh R, Sharma K (1998) A comparison of artificial saliva and pilocarpine in the management of xerostomia in patients with advanced cancer. Palliat Med 12(2):105\u2013111","journal-title":"Palliat Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"4908_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1191\/026921600672294077","volume":"14","author":"AN Davies","year":"2000","unstructured":"Davies AN (2000) A comparison of artificial saliva and chewing gum in the management of xerostomia in patients with advanced cancer. Palliat Med 14(3):197\u2013203","journal-title":"Palliat Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"4908_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1191\/026921600701536273","volume":"14","author":"S Mercadante","year":"2000","unstructured":"Mercadante S, Calderone L, Villari P, Serretta R, Sapio M, Casuccio A, Fulfaro F (2000) The use of pilocarpine in opioid-induced xerostomia. Palliat Med 14(6):529\u2013531","journal-title":"Palliat Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"4908_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1177\/0269216315585473","volume":"29","author":"J Nikles","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nikles J, Mitchell GK, Hardy J, Agar M, Senior H, Carmont SA, Schluter PJ, Good P, Vora R, Currow D (2015) Testing pilocarpine drops for dry mouth in advanced cancer using n-of-1 trials: a feasibility study. Palliat Med 29(10):967\u2013974","journal-title":"Palliat Med"},{"key":"4908_CR19","first-page":"56","volume":"14","author":"FI Mahoney","year":"1965","unstructured":"Mahoney FI, Barthel D (1965) Functional evaluation: the Barthel Index. Md State Med J 14:56\u201361","journal-title":"Md State Med J"},{"issue":"7273","key":"4908_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.321.7273.1381","volume":"321","author":"M Bennett","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bennett M, Ryall N (2000) Using the modified Barthel index to estimate survival in cancer patients in hospice: observational study. BMJ 321(7273):1381\u20131382","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"4908_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-684X-4-7","volume":"4","author":"AP Abernethy","year":"2005","unstructured":"Abernethy AP, Shelby-James T, Fazekas BS, Woods D, Currow DC (2005) The Australia-modified Karnofsky performance status (AKPS) scale: a revised scale for contemporary palliative care clinical practice. BMC Palliat Care 4:7","journal-title":"BMC Palliat Care"},{"issue":"12","key":"4908_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.1177\/0091270006292126","volume":"46","author":"RM Carnahan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Carnahan RM, Lund BC, Perry PJ, Pollock BG, Culp KR (2006) The anticholinergic drug scale as a measure of drug-related anticholinergic burden: associations with serum anticholinergic activity. J Clin Pharmacol 46(12):1481\u20131486","journal-title":"J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"4908_CR23","unstructured":"Scottish Palliative Care Guidelines - Mouth Care (2014) NHS Scotland. https:\/\/www.palliativecareguidelines.scot.nhs.uk\/media\/1172\/mouth-care.pdf Accessed 24 March 2019"},{"key":"4908_CR24","unstructured":"BNF online. Joint Formulary Committee. British National Formulary (online) London, BMJ Group and Pharmaceutical Press https:\/\/bnf.nice.org.uk\/drug\/pilocarpine.html Accessed 24 March 2019"},{"key":"4908_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Furness S, Worthington HV, Bryan G, Birchenough S, Mcmillan R (2011) Interventions for the management of dry mouth: topical therapies. Cochrane Database Syst Rev","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008934.pub2"},{"issue":"1","key":"4908_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.4040\/jkan.2014.44.1.13","volume":"44","author":"JO Kim","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kim JO, Kim NC (2014) Effects of 4% hypertonic saline solution mouthwash on oral health of elders in long term care facilities. J Korean Acad Nurs Feb 44(1):13\u201320","journal-title":"J Korean Acad Nurs Feb"},{"key":"4908_CR27","unstructured":"NICE Clinical Knowledge Summaries 2018 Palliative care \u2013 Oral. Management: scenario: dry mouth. https:\/\/cks.nice.org.uk\/palliative-care-oral#!scenario:2 Accessed 24 March 2019"},{"issue":"1","key":"4908_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-2358.1989.tb00398.x","volume":"8","author":"JC Atkinson","year":"1989","unstructured":"Atkinson JC, Shiroky JB, Macynski A, Fox PC (1989) Effects of furosemide on the oral cavity. Gerodontology 8(1):23\u201326","journal-title":"Gerodontology"},{"issue":"6","key":"4908_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2010.08.016","volume":"41","author":"MJ Hjermstad","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hjermstad MJ, Fayers PM, Haugen DF, Caraceni A, Hanks GW, Loge JH, Fainsinger R, Aass N, Kassa S (2011) Studies comparing numerical rating scales, verbal rating scales, and visual analogue scales for assessment of pain intensity in adults: a systematic literature review. J Pain Symptom Manag 41(6):1073\u20131093","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manag"},{"issue":"6","key":"4908_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199308053290603","volume":"329","author":"JT Johnson","year":"1993","unstructured":"Johnson JT, Ferretti GA, Nethery WJ, Valdez IH, Fox PC, Ng D, Muscoplat CC, Gallagher SC (1993) Oral pilocarpine for post-irradiation xerostomia in patients with head and neck cancer. N Engl J Med 329(6):390\u2013395","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"4908_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1991.00400060085014","volume":"151","author":"PC Fox","year":"1991","unstructured":"Fox PC, Atkinson JC, Macynski AA, Wolff A, Kung DS, Valdez IH, Jackson W, Delapenha RA, Shiroky J, Baum BJ (1991) Pilocarpine treatment of salivary gland hypofunction and dry mouth (xerostomia). Arch Intern Med 151(6):1149\u20131152","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"}],"container-title":["Supportive Care in Cancer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00520-019-04908-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00520-019-04908-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00520-019-04908-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]],"date-time":"2022-09-20T19:50:10Z","timestamp":1663703410000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00520-019-04908-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,14]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]}},"alternative-id":["4908"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00520-019-04908-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0941-4355","1433-7339"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0941-4355","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-7339","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 August 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 May 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 June 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The study received NHS Research Ethics Committee approval on 12 October 2015 (IRAS Project ID 182067). Written consent was obtained from all participants.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}