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However, it is not known whether this effect is due to reduced metabolism and\/or the reduced reproductive capacity of epithelial cells. Therefore, we studied the influence of the oral microorganisms <jats:italic>Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Candida glabrata<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Candida kefyr<\/jats:italic> on cell metabolism and reproductive capacity of oral epithelial cells, aimed to further unravel the pathogenesis of oral mucositis.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Oral epithelial cells were exposed to different concentrations of <jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>C. glabrata<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>C. kefyr<\/jats:italic> as mono-infections or mixed together. An MTT assay was performed to determine the effect on cell metabolism. A clonogenic assay was used to study the effect on the reproductive capacity of oral epithelial cells.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The metabolism of oral epithelial cells was reduced when the microorganisms were present in high concentrations: <jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic> at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 1000 and the <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> spp. at MOI 100. No statistical difference was observed in the ability of a single epithelial cell to grow into a colony of cells between control and <jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>C. glabrata<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>C. kefyr<\/jats:italic>, independent of the concentrations and combinations used.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>C. glabrata<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>C. kefyr<\/jats:italic> lowered the metabolic activity of oral epithelial cells in high concentrations, yet they did not influence the reproductive capacity of epithelial cells. Their impact on ulcerative oral mucositis is likely due to an effect on the migration, proliferation, and metabolism of epithelial cells.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-020-05318-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,22]],"date-time":"2020-01-22T03:02:30Z","timestamp":1579662150000},"page":"4729-4735","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Exploring the role of oral microorganisms in the pathogenesis of mucositis by assessing their impact on metabolic activity and reproductive capacity of epithelial cells in vitro"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Thijs M.","family":"Haverman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1291-2798","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexa M. G. 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