{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T23:15:02Z","timestamp":1785798902702,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,22]],"date-time":"2022-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642809600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,22]],"date-time":"2022-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642809600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Healthy Department of Jiangxi Province","award":["20204284"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20204284"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Support Care Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study sought to compare the efficacy of prophylactic long-acting and standard granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) on febrile neutropenia, early infections, and treatment delay in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM) receiving the therapeutic regimen of bortezomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone (VRd).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A prospective study with 68 consecutive patients with MM was conducted in three regional hospitals. Participants were randomly treated with the VRd regimen in combination with prophylactic long-acting G-CSF (treatment group) or prophylactic standard G-CSF (control group). The primary endpoints were the incidence rates of febrile neutropenia, early infection, and treatment delays. The secondary endpoint was clinical outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Thirty-three patients were assigned to the treatment group, and thirty-five patients were assigned to the control group. The incidence of febrile neutropenia was 6.1% and 17.1% in the treatment and control groups, respectively (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.297). However, the rates of early infection and treatment delay were markedly lower in the treatment group than in the control group (6.1% vs. 25.7% and 9.1% vs. 31.4%;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Notably, all early infections occurred during the first four cycles of VRd therapy, and the most common type of infection was pneumonia. No significant difference in clinical efficacy was found between the two groups. All participants achieved at least partial remission.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prophylactic administration of domestic long-acting G-CSF markedly reduced the rates of early infection and treatment delay as compared with standard G-CSF in patients\u00a0newly diagnosed with MM. Notably, all early infections occurred during the first four cycles of VRd therapy. As such, it seems appropriate to administer long-acting G-CSF with the aim of primary prophylaxis of early infection in the setting of newly diagnosed MM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-022-06851-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,22]],"date-time":"2022-01-22T07:02:38Z","timestamp":1642834958000},"page":"4049-4054","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Long-acting granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in primary prophylaxis of early infection in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Xinjing","family":"Ding","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4476-4398","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianghua","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuanxiang","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"6851_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clml.2020.12.023","volume":"21","author":"V Kumar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kumar V, Ailawadhi M, Dutta N et al (2021) Trends in early mortality from multiple myeloma: a population-based analysis. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk 21(5):e449\u2013e455","journal-title":"Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk"},{"issue":"1","key":"6851_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2014.107714","volume":"100","author":"C Blimark","year":"2015","unstructured":"Blimark C, Holmberg E, Mellqvist UH et al (2015) Multiple myeloma and infections: a population-based study on 9253 multiple myeloma patients. Haematologica 100(1):107\u2013113","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"issue":"12","key":"6851_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2211","DOI":"10.7150\/jca.24288","volume":"9","author":"V T","year":"2018","unstructured":"T V, V G, A ND (2018) Multiple Myeloma Index for Risk of Infection. Journal of Cancer 9(12):2211\u20132214","journal-title":"Journal of Cancer"},{"issue":"9","key":"6851_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-020-00359-2","volume":"10","author":"SV Rajkumar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rajkumar SV, Kumar S (2020) Multiple myeloma current treatment algorithms. Blood Cancer J 10(9):94","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J"},{"issue":"6","key":"6851_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1404","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-018-0133-x","volume":"32","author":"C Dumontet","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dumontet C, Hulin C, Dimopoulos MA et al (2018) A predictive model for risk of early grade >\/= 3 infection in patients with multiple myeloma not eligible for transplant: analysis of the FIRST trial. 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