{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T15:24:52Z","timestamp":1786980292041,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]],"date-time":"2023-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702598400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]],"date-time":"2023-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702598400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"University Library of Southern Denmark"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Support Care Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Radiotherapy and chemoradiotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (RINV and C-RINV) are common and distressing, and there is a need for guidance for clinicians to provide up to date optimal antiemetic prophylaxis and treatment. Through a comprehensive review of the literature concerning RINV and C-RINV, this manuscript aims to update the evidence for antiemetic prophylaxis and rescue therapy and provide a new edition of recommendations for the MASCC\/ESMO antiemetic guidelines for RINV and C-RINV.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic review of the literature including data published from May 1, 2015, to January 31, 2023, was performed. All authors assessed the literature.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The searches yielded 343 references; 37 met criteria for full article review, and 20 were ultimately retained. Only one randomized study in chemoradiation had the impact to provide new recommendations for the antiemetic guideline. Based on expert consensus, it was decided to change the recommendation for the \u201clow emetic risk\u201d category from \u201cprophylaxis or rescue\u201d to \u201crescue\u201d only, while the drugs of choice remain unchanged.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>As for the previous guideline, the serotonin receptor antagonists are still the cornerstone in antiemetic prophylaxis of nausea and vomiting induced by high and moderate emetic risk radiotherapy. The guideline update provides new recommendation for the management of C-RINV for radiotherapy and concomitant weekly cisplatin. To avoid overtreatment, antiemetic prophylaxis is no longer recommended for the \u201clow emetic risk\u201d category.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-023-08226-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,14]],"date-time":"2023-12-14T19:03:23Z","timestamp":1702580603000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["2023 Updated MASCC\/ESMO Consensus Recommendations: prevention of radiotherapy- and chemoradiotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3728-273X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christina H.","family":"Ruhlmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9379-5938","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karin","family":"Jordan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7687-8544","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Franziska","family":"Jahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4249-4064","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ernesto","family":"Maranzano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6351-9991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alex","family":"Molassiotis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5588-1007","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristopher","family":"Dennis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5-6","key":"8226_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1080\/02841860310012941","volume":"42","author":"C Lindholm","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lindholm C, Cavallin-Stahl E, Ceberg J, Frodin JE, Littbrand B, Moller TR et al (2003) Radiotherapy practices in Sweden compared to the scientific evidence. Acta Oncol 42(5-6):416\u2013429. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02841860310012941","journal-title":"Acta Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"8226_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2009.11.001","volume":"94","author":"E Maranzano","year":"2010","unstructured":"Maranzano E, De Angelis V, Pergolizzi S, Lupattelli M, Frata P, Spagnesi S et al (2010) A prospective observational trial on emesis in radiotherapy: analysis of 1020 patients recruited in 45 Italian radiation oncology centres. Radiother Oncol 94(1):36\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.radonc.2009.11.001","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"8226_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-016-3407-8","volume":"25","author":"CH Ruhlmann","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ruhlmann CH, Jahn F, Jordan K, Dennis K, Maranzano E, Molassiotis A et al (2017) 2016 updated MASCC\/ESMO consensus recommendations: prevention of radiotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Support Care Cancer 25(1):309\u2013316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00520-016-3407-8","journal-title":"Support Care Cancer"},{"issue":"suppl 5","key":"8226_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"v119","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdw270","volume":"27","author":"F Roila","year":"2016","unstructured":"Roila F, Molassiotis A, Herrstedt J, Aapro M, Gralla RJ, Bruera E et al (2016) 2016 MASCC and ESMO guideline update for the prevention of chemotherapy- and radiotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting and of nausea and vomiting in advanced cancer patients. Ann Oncol 27(suppl 5):v119\u2013vv33. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/annonc\/mdw270","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"8226_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.21037\/apm.2018.03.12","volume":"7","author":"V Ganesh","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ganesh V, Drost L, DeAngelis C, Wan BA, Pasetka M, Chan S et al (2018) A pilot study with palonosetron in the prophylaxis of radiation-induced nausea and vomiting. Ann Pall Med 7(2):211\u2013220. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21037\/apm.2018.03.12","journal-title":"Ann Pall Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"8226_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.4103\/1735-1995.158244","volume":"20","author":"H Emami","year":"2015","unstructured":"Emami H, Hematti S, Saeidian SM, Feizi A, Taheri S, Adeli P et al (2015) The efficacy of combination of ondansetron and aprepitant on preventing the radiotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. J Res Med Sci 20(4):329\u2013333","journal-title":"J Res Med Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"8226_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-016-3540-4","volume":"25","author":"S Ades","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ades S, Halyard M, Wilson K, Ashikaga T, Heimann R, Kumar S et al (2017) Effectiveness of aprepitant in addition to ondansetron in the prevention of nausea and vomiting caused by fractionated radiotherapy to the upper abdomen (AVERT). Support Care Cancer 25(5):1503\u20131510. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00520-016-3540-4","journal-title":"Support Care Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"8226_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.21037\/apm.2016.12.01","volume":"6","author":"WS Li","year":"2017","unstructured":"Li WS, van der Velden JM, Ganesh V, Vuong S, Raman S, Popovic M et al (2017) Prophylaxis of radiation-induced nausea and vomiting: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Ann Pall Med 6(2):104\u2013117. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21037\/apm.2016.12.01","journal-title":"Ann Pall Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"8226_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2015.04.037","volume":"92","author":"F Jahn","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jahn F, Riesner A, Jahn P, Sieker F, Vordermark D, Jordan K (2015) Addition of the neurokinin-1-receptor antagonist (RA) aprepitant to a 5-hydroxytryptamine-RA and dexamethasone in the prophylaxis of nausea and vomiting due to radiation therapy with concomitant cisplatin. Int J Radiat Oncol 92(5):1101\u20131107. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2015.04.037","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"8226_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(15)00615-4","volume":"17","author":"CH Ruhlmann","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ruhlmann CH, Christensen TB, Dohn LH, Paludan M, Ronnengart E, Halekoh U et al (2016) Efficacy and safety of fosaprepitant for the prevention of nausea and emesis during 5 weeks of chemoradiotherapy for cervical cancer (the GAND-emesis study): a multinational, randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 17(4):509\u2013518. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1470-2045(15)00615-4","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"8226_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.12788\/jcso.0245","volume":"14","author":"RM Navari","year":"2016","unstructured":"Navari RM, Nagy CK, Le-Rademacher J, Loprinzi CL (2016) Olanzapine versus fosaprepitant for the prevention of concurrent chemotherapy radiotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. J Community Support Oncol 14(4):141\u2013147. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12788\/jcso.0245","journal-title":"J Community Support Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"8226_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1007\/s11096-020-00997-3","volume":"42","author":"N Mehra","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mehra N, Christopher V, Dhanushkodi M, Radhakrishnan V, Ganesan TS, Ganesharajah S et al (2020) A modified olanzapine-based anti-emetic regimen for the control of nausea and vomiting in patients receiving weekly cisplatin. Int J Clin Pharm-Net 42(2):662\u2013666. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11096-020-00997-3","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pharm-Net"},{"issue":"11","key":"8226_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4633","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-016-3306-z","volume":"24","author":"S Hanawa","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hanawa S, Mitsuhashi A, Matsuoka A, Nishikimi K, Tate S, Usui H et al (2016) Efficacy of palonosetron plus aprepitant in preventing chemoradiotherapy-induced nausea and emesis in patients receiving daily low-dose cisplatin-based concurrent chemoradiotherapy for uterine cervical cancer: a phase II study. Support Care Cancer 24(11):4633\u20134638. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00520-016-3306-z","journal-title":"Support Care Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"8226_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1097\/COC.0000000000000117","volume":"40","author":"A Mitsuhashi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mitsuhashi A, Usui H, Nishikimi K, Yamamoto N, Hanawa S, Tate S et al (2017) The efficacy of palonosetron plus dexamethasone in preventing chemoradio therapy-induced nausea and emesis in patients receiving daily low-dose cisplatin-based concurrent chemoradiotherapy for uterine cervical cancer a phase II study. Am J Clin Oncol-Canc 40(2):118\u2013121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/COC.0000000000000117","journal-title":"Am J Clin Oncol-Canc"},{"issue":"10","key":"8226_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4365","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-016-3276-1","volume":"24","author":"ML Affronti","year":"2016","unstructured":"Affronti ML, Woodring S, Allen K, Kirkpatrick J, Peters KB, Herndon JE et al (2016) Phase II study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of intravenous palonosetron (PAL) in primary malignant glioma (MG) patients receiving standard radiotherapy (RT) and concomitant temozolomide (TMZ). Support Care Cancer 24(10):4365\u20134375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00520-016-3276-1","journal-title":"Support Care Cancer"},{"issue":"11","key":"8226_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.oa.2016-0177","volume":"56","author":"M Matsuda","year":"2016","unstructured":"Matsuda M, Yamamoto T, Ishikawa E, Akutsu H, Takano S, Matsumura A (2016) Combination of Palonosetron, aprepitant, and dexamethasone effectively controls chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in patients treated with concomitant temozolomide and radiotherapy: results of a prospective study. Neurol Med-Chir 56(11):698\u2013703. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2176\/nmc.oa.2016-0177","journal-title":"Neurol Med-Chir"},{"issue":"10","key":"8226_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1007\/s00066-022-01958-7","volume":"198","author":"ZK Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang ZK, Liu WY, Zhang JH, Chen XS, Wang JB, Wang K et al (2022) Antiemetic prophylaxis for chemoradiotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in locally advanced head and heck squamous cell carcinoma: a prospective phase II trial. Strahlenther Onkol 198(10):949\u2013957. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00066-022-01958-7","journal-title":"Strahlenther Onkol"},{"key":"8226_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2018.04.001","volume":"10","author":"K Dennis","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dennis K, Zeng L, De Angelis C, Chung H, Coburn N, Chow E et al (2018) A prospective cohort study of patient-reported vomiting, retching, nausea and antiemetic use during neoadjuvant long-course radiation therapy and concurrent 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy for rectal adenocarcinoma. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol 10:42\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ctro.2018.04.001","journal-title":"Clin Transl Radiat Oncol"},{"issue":"11","key":"8226_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3297","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-015-2750-5","volume":"23","author":"C Vidall","year":"2015","unstructured":"Vidall C, Fernandez-Ortega P, Cortinovis D, Jahn P, Amlani B, Scotte F (2015) Impact and management of chemotherapy\/radiotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting and the perceptual gap between oncologists\/oncology nurses and patients: a cross-sectional multinational survey. Support Care Cancer 23(11):3297\u20133305. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00520-015-2750-5","journal-title":"Support Care Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"8226_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2015.09.014","volume":"117","author":"CH Ruhlmann","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ruhlmann CH, Iversen TZ, Okera M, Muhic A, Kristensen G, Feyer P et al (2015) Multinational study exploring patients\u2019 perceptions of side-effects induced by chemo-radiotherapy. Radiother Oncol 117(2):333\u2013337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.radonc.2015.09.014","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"issue":"6","key":"8226_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2019","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-017-3685-9","volume":"25","author":"K Dennis","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dennis K, Jamani R, McGrath C, Makhani L, Lam H, Bauer P et al (2017) A systematic review of methodologies, endpoints, and outcome measures in randomized trials of radiation therapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Support Care Cancer 25(6):2019\u20132033. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00520-017-3685-9","journal-title":"Support Care Cancer"},{"key":"8226_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2017.08.003","volume":"34","author":"A Enblom","year":"2017","unstructured":"Enblom A, Steineck G, Borjeson S (2017) Complementary and alternative medicine self-care strategies for nausea in patients undergoing abdominal or pelvic irradiation for cancer: A longitudinal observational study of implementation in routine care. Complement Ther Med 34:141\u2013148. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ctim.2017.08.003","journal-title":"Complement Ther Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"8226_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3117","DOI":"10.21873\/anticanres.15800","volume":"42","author":"A Uno","year":"2022","unstructured":"Uno A, Yamamoto S, Iihara H, Fujii H, Makita C, Hayasaki Y et al (2022) Control and risk factors of nausea and vomiting in patients with cervical cancer receiving radiotherapy. Anticancer Res 42(6):3117\u20133123. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21873\/anticanres.15800","journal-title":"Anticancer Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"8226_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1016\/s0360-3016(99)00055-3","volume":"44","author":"Italian Group for Antiemetic Research. Radiation-induced emesis: a prospective observational multicenter Italian trial","year":"1999","unstructured":"Italian Group for Antiemetic Research. Radiation-induced emesis: a prospective observational multicenter Italian trial (1999) The Italian Group for Antiemetic Research in Radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 44(3):619\u2013625. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0360-3016(99)00055-3","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"5","key":"8226_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/s0009-9260(79)80203-2","volume":"30","author":"CE Danjoux","year":"1979","unstructured":"Danjoux CE, Rider WD, Fitzpatrick PJ (1979) Acute radiation syndrome - memorial to courtbrown, William, Michael. Clin Radiol 30(5):581\u2013584. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0009-9260(79)80203-2","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"8226_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2432","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1994.12.11.2432","volume":"12","author":"TR Spitzer","year":"1994","unstructured":"Spitzer TR, Bryson JC, Cirenza E, Foelber R, Wallerstadt M, Stout C et al (1994) Randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled evaluation of oral ondansetron in the prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with fractionated total-body irradiation. J Clin Oncol 12(11):2432\u20132438. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/JCO.1994.12.11.2432","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"32","key":"8226_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3825","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1994.12.11.2432","volume":"38","author":"PJ Hesketh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hesketh PJ, Kris MG, Basch E, Bohlke K, Barbour SY, Clark-Snow RA et al (2020) Antiemetics: ASCO Guideline Update (vol 38, pg 2782, 2020). J Clin Oncol 38(32):3825. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/JCO.1994.12.11.2432","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"8226_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdr402","volume":"23","author":"A Enblom","year":"2012","unstructured":"Enblom A, Johnsson A, Hammar M, Onelov E, Steineck G, Borjeson S (2012) Acupuncture compared with placebo acupuncture in radiotherapy-induced nausea - a randomized controlled study. Ann Oncol 23(5):1353\u20131361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/annonc\/mdr402","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"}],"container-title":["Supportive Care in Cancer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00520-023-08226-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00520-023-08226-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00520-023-08226-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,16]],"date-time":"2024-01-16T10:05:47Z","timestamp":1705399547000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00520-023-08226-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]}},"alternative-id":["8226"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00520-023-08226-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["0941-4355","1433-7339"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0941-4355","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-7339","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 December 2023","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Christina Ruhlmann reports personal fees (speaker) from Bristol Myers Squibb (BMS), Helsinn Healthcare SA, and Pharmanovia, and funding for a clinical trial from Helsinn Healthcare SA and the Novo Nordic Foundation. Karin Jordan reports personal fees as an invited speaker from Amgen, art tempi, Helsinn, Hexal, med update GmbH, MSD, Mundipharma, onkowissen, Riemser, Roche, Shire (Takeda), and Vifor; personal fees for advisory board membership from Amgen, AstraZeneca, BD Solutions, Hexal, Karyopharm and Voluntis; and personal fees as author for UpToDate. Franziska Jahn reports honorarium (speaker) from Amgen. Ernesto Maranzano has none to declare. Alex Molasiotis reports honoraria and research grant from Helsinn. Kristopher Dennis has none to declare.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"26"}}