{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:28:20Z","timestamp":1791246500221,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017804","name":"City of Hope","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017804","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Support Care Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This study addresses key gaps in knowledge regarding two components of body image that impact the emotional well-being of cancer patients: physical appearance and body function. The study examines the interrelationship of anxiety and gender in endorsement of distress related to body function and physical appearance.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A retrospective study was conducted involving 1563 patients treated for cancer at City of Hope between 2009 and 2017. Patients completed a biopsychosocial problem-related distress touch-screen instrument before treatment as part of their routine clinical care. Relationships between body image constructs (physical appearance, body function), anxiety, and gender were examined using mixed models. Models controlled demographic (age, marital status, household income, education, and survey language) and clinical variables (cancer type, disease stage).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>An association between anxiety and gender (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) was found and was associated with body image distress. With higher levels of anxiety, women were significantly more distressed than men regarding physical appearance (<jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20096.94, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.009), while men were significantly more distressed than women regarding body function (<jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20094.05, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.044).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Distress regarding body image is an important factor to consider in patients with cancer. Understanding the impact of anxiety and gender upon physical appearance distress and body function distress can inform individualized medical and psychosocial care.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-025-09703-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T11:01:59Z","timestamp":1751367719000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Understanding the relationship between body image and emotional distress among men and women with cancer"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5138-0435","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janet","family":"Mokhnatkin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1070-3848","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marianne","family":"Razavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8134-5013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashley N.","family":"Hudson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2185-7241","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew","family":"Loscalzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8734-1155","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeanelle","family":"Folbrecht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"9703_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.28469","volume":"120","author":"MC Fingeret","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fingeret MC, Teo I, Epner DE (2014) Managing body image difficulties of adult cancer patients. Cancer 120:633\u2013641. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cncr.28469","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"9703_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1007\/s11764-014-0414-y","volume":"9","author":"V Lehmann","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lehmann V, Hagedoorn M, Tuinman MA (2015) Body image in cancer survivors: a systematic review of case-control studies. J Cancer Surviv 9:339\u2013348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11764-014-0414-y","journal-title":"J Cancer Surviv"},{"issue":"1","key":"9703_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E39","DOI":"10.1097\/NCC.0000000000000251","volume":"39","author":"C Paterson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Paterson C, Lengacher CA, Donovan KA, Kip KE, Tofthagen CS (2016) Body image in younger breast cancer survivors: a systematic review. Cancer Nurs 39(1):E39\u2013E58. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/NCC.0000000000000251","journal-title":"Cancer Nurs"},{"issue":"2","key":"9703_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1089\/jayao.2016.0067","volume":"6","author":"G Zucchetti","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zucchetti G, Bellini S, Bertolotti M, Bona F, Biasin E, Bertorello N, Tirtei E, Fagioli F (2017) Body image discomfort of adolescent and young adult hematologic cancer survivors. J Adolesc Young Adult Oncol 6(2):377\u2013380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/jayao.2016.0067","journal-title":"J Adolesc Young Adult Oncol"},{"key":"9703_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1017\/S1478951518000494","volume":"17","author":"D Chopra","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chopra D, De La Garza R (2019) Depressive, anxiety, and distress symptoms among cancer patients whose endorse appearance problems. Palliat Support Care 17:328\u2013332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1478951518000494","journal-title":"Palliat Support Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"9703_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1093\/nop\/npy018","volume":"5","author":"KK Manier","year":"2018","unstructured":"Manier KK, Rowe LS, Welsh J, Armstrong TS (2018) The impact and incidence of altered body image in patients with head and neck tumors: a systematic review. Neuro-Oncol Practice 5(4):204\u2013213. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nop\/npy018","journal-title":"Neuro-Oncol Practice"},{"issue":"11","key":"9703_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3053","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-014-2312-2","volume":"22","author":"BA Rhoten","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rhoten BA, Deng J, Dietrich MS, Murphy B, Ridner SH (2014) Body image and depressive symptoms in patients with head and neck cancer: an important relationship. Support Care Cancer 22(11):3053\u20133060. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00520-014-2312-2","journal-title":"Support Care Cancer"},{"issue":"11","key":"9703_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0260602","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0260602","volume":"16","author":"J Brederecke","year":"2021","unstructured":"Brederecke J, Heise A, Zimmermann T (2021) Body image in patients with different types of cancer. PLoS ONE 16(11):e0260602. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0260602","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"9703_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bodyim.2002.07.010","volume":"42","author":"S Cerea","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cerea S, Doron G, Manoli T, Patania F, Bottesi G, Ghisi M (2012) Cognitive training via a mobile application to reduce some forms of body dissatisfaction in young females at high-risk for body image disorders: a randomized controlled trial. Body Image 42:297\u2013306. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bodyim.2002.07.010","journal-title":"Body Image"},{"key":"9703_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Goodrose-Flores C, Eke H, Bonn SE, Bjorkhem-Bergman L, Trolle Lagerros Y (2022) Weight loss in advanced cancer: sex differences in health-related quality of life and body image. Life (Basel) 12;12(1):105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/life12010105","DOI":"10.3390\/life12010105"},{"key":"9703_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"816587","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.816587","volume":"13","author":"M Henry","year":"2022","unstructured":"Henry M, Albert JG, Frenkiel S, Hier M, Zeitouni A, Kost K, Mlynarek A, Black M, MacDonald C, Richardson K, Mascarella M, Morand GB, Chartier G, Sadeghi N, Lo C, Rosberger Z (2022) Body image concerns in patients with head and neck cancer: a longitudinal study. Front Psychol 13:816587. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.816587","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"issue":"12","key":"9703_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1988","DOI":"10.1002\/pon.5399","volume":"29","author":"EM Graboyes","year":"2020","unstructured":"Graboyes EM, Maurer S, Park Y, Marsh CH, McElligott JT, Day TA, Hornig JD, Sterba KR (2020) Evaluation of a novel telemedicine-based intervention to manage body image disturbance in head and neck cancer survivors. Psycho-oncology 29(12):1988\u20131994. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pon.5399","journal-title":"Psycho-oncology"},{"issue":"8","key":"9703_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2013.04005","volume":"49","author":"BA Rhoten","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rhoten BA, Murphy B, Ridner SH (2013) Body image in patients with head and neck cancer: a review of the literature. Oral Oncol 49(8):753\u2013760. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2013.04005","journal-title":"Oral Oncol"},{"key":"9703_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1002\/1099-1611(200005\/06)9:3<183::aid-pon446>3.0.co;2-l","volume":"9","author":"CA White","year":"2000","unstructured":"White CA (2000) Body image dimensions and cancer: a heuristic cognitive behavioural model. Psychooncology 9:183\u2013192. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/1099-1611(200005\/06)9:3%3c183::aid-pon446%3e3.0.co;2-l","journal-title":"Psychooncology"},{"issue":"3","key":"9703_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1089\/jayao.2017.0081","volume":"7","author":"E Wheat Dawson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wheat Dawson E, Clark K, Obenchain R, Loscalzo M, Folbrecht J (2018) Biopsychosocial distress in young adult oncology patients: examining sex differences in sources of high distress and requests for assistance. J Adolesc Young Adult Oncol 7(3):367\u2013373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/jayao.2017.0081","journal-title":"J Adolesc Young Adult Oncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"9703_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18041640","volume":"18","author":"L Morales-S\u00e1nchez","year":"2021","unstructured":"Morales-S\u00e1nchez L, Luque-Ribelles V, Gil-Olarte P, Ruiz-Gonz\u00e1lez P, Guil R (2021) Enhancing self-esteem and body image of breast cancer women through interventions: a systematic review. Int J Environ Res Public Health 18(4):1640. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph18041640","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"9703_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1097\/SPC.000000000000484","volume":"14","author":"MJ Esplen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Esplen MJ, Trachtenberg L (2020) Online interventions to address body image distress in cancer. Curr Opin Support Palliat Care 14(1):74\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/SPC.000000000000484","journal-title":"Curr Opin Support Palliat Care"},{"key":"9703_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2396","DOI":"10.1002\/pon.5266","volume":"28","author":"FL Wong","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wong FL, Stiller T, Obenchain R, David CC, Patel SK, Xie B, Loscalzo M, Clark K (2019) Validation of a biopsychosocial distress screening tool, \u201cyou, your family and COH are a team.\u201d Psycho-Oncology 28:2396\u20132405. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pon.5266","journal-title":"Psycho-Oncology"}],"container-title":["Supportive Care in Cancer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00520-025-09703-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00520-025-09703-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00520-025-09703-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]],"date-time":"2025-07-31T04:07:08Z","timestamp":1753934828000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00520-025-09703-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["9703"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00520-025-09703-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0941-4355","1433-7339"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0941-4355","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-7339","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 November 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 June 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 July 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was performed in accordance with the ethical standards as laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments. Ethical approval was waived by the City of Hope IRB in view of the retrospective nature of the study, and all the procedures being performed were part of the routine care. The study was approved by the City of Hope IRB (#08200).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"The original new study City of Hope IRB approval (12\/28\/10) involved an electronic consent\/HIPAA Authorization requirement for prospective participants completing the touch screen. An amendment approved on 10\/8\/15 changed the status of this study to a Not Human Subjects Research status. This was because the study changed the process for how the study team were receiving standard of care touch screen data. They added an Honest Broker, not affiliated with the study, to collect the stored data and code it and de-identify it before providing it to the study researchers. Procedures were put in place to prevent release of the code that could link the data to identifiers. Per OHRP\u2019s 2008 Coded Private Information or Specimens Use in Research, Guidance (), this study met criteria for a Not Human Subjects Research Determination and no longer required consent or waivers to collect the data.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"649"}}