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Six electronic databases were searched. We included observational studies that investigated the prescription and use of psychoactive medications among adult cancer patients in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) according to the 2024 World Bank\u2019s classification. Eligible studies specifically focused on the use of these medications for the management of psychological disorders in this population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ten studies were included in the systematic review. Psychoactive medications prescribed were antidepressants, benzodiazepines, non-benzodiazepine\/Z-drugs, and antipsychotics (both typical\/first-generation and atypical\/second-generation). Several factors, such as comorbidities, polypharmacy, geographical disparities, and health insurance coverage, influenced the prescription and use of these medications. Potentially inappropriate use of antidepressants and benzodiazepines was observed, particularly among elderly patients with multimorbidity. Underdiagnosis and undertreatment of mental health disorders were also reported, often leading to inadequate management of psychological distress in cancer patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In conclusion, this review highlights the complexity of prescribing and using psychoactive medications among cancer patients. Their use is influenced by multiple factors, including comorbidities, polypharmacy in older adults, and socioeconomic disparities that affect access to healthcare.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-025-10272-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T02:13:58Z","timestamp":1767665638000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prescription and use of psychoactive medications among cancer patients and associated factors in lower and upper middle-income countries: systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Tassadit","family":"Merabtine","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dieu donn\u00e9","family":"Gnonlonfoun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elodie","family":"Marcellaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Altayyar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeinab","family":"Tarhini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niki","family":"Christou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeremy","family":"Jost","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10272_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-01738-x","volume":"28","author":"CS Pramesh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pramesh CS, Badwe RA, Bhoo-Pathy N, Booth CM, Chinnaswamy G, Dare AJ et al (2022) Priorities for cancer research in low- and middle-income countries: a global perspective. 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