{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T20:17:32Z","timestamp":1789676252019,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781222400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781222400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum D\u00fcsseldorf. Anstalt \u00f6ffentlichen Rechts"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Support Care Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>For working-age patients with colorectal cancer, returning to work is a key rehabilitation goal. This study examines the association between socio-economic position (SEP) and return-to-work (RTW), including competing outcomes (pension entry and death), following medical rehabilitation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>German Pension Insurance data (2013\u20132022) were analysed, including 32,174 formerly employed patients (ICD-10 C18\u2013C20) of working age undergoing oncological rehabilitation. Patients were categorised by SEP (education, occupational position, income). Logistic regression and restricted mean survival time (RMST) analyses investigated socio-economic differences in RTW, unemployment, sick leave, pension, and death.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Following rehabilitation, 31% of patients returned to work in the first month, and by 2 years, 65% had experienced a long-term RTW lasting\u2009\u2265\u20096\u00a0months. SEP was significantly associated with both initial and long-term RTW. The strongest associations were observed for income (long-term RTW highest vs. lowest income tertile: adjusted odds ratio [aOR]\u202f3.06; 95% CI 2.84\u20133.31) and university education (long-term RTW ISCED\u20112011\u202flevels\u202f5\u20138 vs.\u202f1\u20133: aOR\u202f2.20; 95% CI 1.94\u20132.50). RMST showed that patients with higher SEP spent more time in employment and less time unemployed or receiving disability pension than those with lower SEP. The employment time lost between the highest and lowest SEP levels was 8 months for education, 8 months for occupational position, and 10 months for income.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fifty-eight percent of patients with colorectal cancer were stably employed 2 years after medical rehabilitation. However, despite universal access to rehabilitation in Germany, strong social inequalities in RTW were observed. Monthly employment and pension data allowed reliable estimates, preventing selective non-response and recall bias. However, the results might not generalise to those who do not undergo rehabilitation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-026-10827-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T14:06:03Z","timestamp":1781273163000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Social inequalities in return-to-work among colorectal cancer survivors in Germany"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Johannes","family":"Soff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Demirer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nora Tabea","family":"Sibert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clara","family":"Breidenbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Ernstmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Heidkamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lina","family":"Heier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kati","family":"Hiltrop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie Klara","family":"Schellack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johanna","family":"Wei\u00df","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Rick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan Rolf","family":"Benz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nico","family":"Dragano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Kowalski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"10827_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Robert Koch-Institut. Krebs in Deutschland f\u00fcr 2021 \u2013 2023 [Internet]. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25646\/13129","DOI":"10.25646\/13129"},{"key":"10827_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660","volume":"71","author":"H Sung","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Laversanne M, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A et al (2021) Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin 71:209\u2013249. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3322\/caac.21660","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"10827_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1007\/s12312-023-01223-7","volume":"38","author":"S Schellack","year":"2023","unstructured":"Schellack S, Kowalski C, Nowossadeck E, Barnes B (2023) Krebsneuerkrankungen im erwerbsf\u00e4higen Alter in Deutschland. Forum (Genova) 38:265\u2013268. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12312-023-01223-7","journal-title":"Forum (Genova)"},{"key":"10827_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1002\/pon.3467","volume":"23","author":"SFA Duijts","year":"2014","unstructured":"Duijts SFA, van Egmond MP, Spelten E, van Muijen P, Anema JR, van der Beek AJ (2014) Physical and psychosocial problems in cancer survivors beyond return to work: a systematic review. Psychooncology 23:481\u2013492. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pon.3467","journal-title":"Psychooncology"},{"issue":"Suppl 11","key":"10827_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2151","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.28067","volume":"119","author":"A Mehnert","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mehnert A, Boer A, Feuerstein M (2013) Employment challenges for cancer survivors. Cancer 119(Suppl 11):2151\u20132159. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cncr.28067","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10827_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1111\/ecc.12033","volume":"22","author":"P van Muijen","year":"2013","unstructured":"van Muijen P, Weevers N, Snels I, Duijts S, Bruinvels D, Schellart A et al (2013) Predictors of return to work and employment in cancer survivors: a systematic review. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 22:144\u2013160. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ecc.12033","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer Care (Engl)"},{"key":"10827_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.187","volume":"301","author":"AGEM de Boer","year":"2009","unstructured":"de Boer AGEM, Taskila T, Ojaj\u00e4rvi A, van Dijk FJH, Verbeek JHAM (2009) Cancer survivors and unemployment a meta-analysis and meta-regression. JAMA 301:753\u2013762. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2009.187","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"2","key":"10827_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2010.01.004","volume":"77","author":"A Mehnert","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mehnert A (2011) Employment and work-related issues in cancer survivors. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 77(2):109\u2013130. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2010.01.004","journal-title":"Crit Rev Oncol Hematol"},{"key":"10827_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2983","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-018-4270-6","volume":"26","author":"S Paltrinieri","year":"2018","unstructured":"Paltrinieri S, Fugazzaro S, Bertozzi L, Bassi MC, Pellegrini M, Vicentini M et al (2018) Return to work in European cancer survivors: a systematic review. Support Care Cancer 26:2983\u20132994. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00520-018-4270-6","journal-title":"Support Care Cancer"},{"key":"10827_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1232","DOI":"10.1002\/pon.1354","volume":"17","author":"DM Rasmussen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rasmussen DM, Elverdam B (2008) The meaning of work and working life after cancer: an interview study. Psychooncology 17:1232\u20131238. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pon.1354","journal-title":"Psychooncology"},{"key":"10827_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2164","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2016.1219924","volume":"39","author":"SFA Duijts","year":"2017","unstructured":"Duijts SFA, van Egmond MP, Gits M, van der Beek AJ, Bleiker EM (2017) Cancer survivors\u2019 perspectives and experiences regarding behavioral determinants of return to work and continuation of work. Disabil Rehabil 39:2164\u20132172. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09638288.2016.1219924","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"key":"10827_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3263","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-014-2324-y","volume":"22","author":"V Knott","year":"2014","unstructured":"Knott V, Zrim S, Shanahan EM, Anastassiadis P, Lawn S, Kichenadasse G et al (2014) Returning to work following curative chemotherapy: a qualitative study of return to work barriers and preferences for intervention. Support Care Cancer 22:3263\u20133273. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00520-014-2324-y","journal-title":"Support Care Cancer"},{"key":"10827_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1111\/labr.12198","volume":"35","author":"A Kollerup","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kollerup A, Ladenburg J (2021) Willingness to pay for accommodating job attributes when returning to work after cancer treatment: a discrete choice experiment with Danish breast cancer survivors. Labour 35:378\u2013411. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/labr.12198","journal-title":"Labour"},{"key":"10827_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2037","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2011.11.030","volume":"48","author":"F Mols","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mols F, Thong MSY, Vissers P, Nijsten T, van de Poll-Franse LV (2012) Socio-economic implications of cancer survivorship: results from the PROFILES registry. Eur J Cancer 48:2037\u20132042. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejca.2011.11.030","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"10827_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1080\/0284186X.2018.1557341","volume":"58","author":"V Arndt","year":"2019","unstructured":"Arndt V, Koch-Gallenkamp L, Bertram H, Eberle A, Holleczek B, Pritzkuleit R et al (2019) Return to work after cancer. A multi-regional population-based study from Germany. Acta Oncol 58:811\u2013818. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/0284186X.2018.1557341","journal-title":"Acta Oncol"},{"key":"10827_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1007\/s10151-014-1232-y","volume":"18","author":"A Bhalla","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bhalla A, Williams JP, Hurst NG, Speake WJ, Tierney GM, Tou S et al (2014) One-third of patients fail to return to work 1 year after surgery for colorectal cancer. Tech Coloproctol 18:1153\u20131159. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10151-014-1232-y","journal-title":"Tech Coloproctol"},{"key":"10827_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-14-963","volume":"14","author":"LG Gordon","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gordon LG, Beesley VL, Lynch BM, Mihala G, McGrath C, Graves N et al (2014) The return to work experiences of middle-aged Australian workers diagnosed with colorectal cancer: a matched cohort study. BMC Public Health 14:1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2458-14-963","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10827_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.3623","volume":"10","author":"CK Law","year":"2021","unstructured":"Law CK, Brewer K, Brown C, Wilson K, Bailey L, Hague W et al (2021) Return to work following laparoscopic-assisted resection or open resection for rectal cancer: findings from AlaCaRT\u2014Australasian laparoscopic cancer of the rectum trial. Cancer Med 10:552\u2013562. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cam4.3623","journal-title":"Cancer Med"},{"key":"10827_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1177\/21650799040520120","volume":"52","author":"KM Sanchez","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sanchez KM, Richardson JL, Mason HR (2004) The return to work experiences of colorectal cancer survivors. Am Assoc Occup Health Nurses J 52:500\u2013510. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/21650799040520120","journal-title":"Am Assoc Occup Health Nurses J"},{"key":"10827_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1875","DOI":"10.1007\/s10350-005-0120-y","volume":"48","author":"M van den Brink","year":"2005","unstructured":"van den Brink M, van den Hout WB, Kievit J, Marijnen CAM, Putter H, van de Velde CJH et al (2005) The impact of diagnosis and treatment of rectal cancer on paid and unpaid labor. Dis Colon Rectum 48:1875\u20131882. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10350-005-0120-y","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"10827_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.11313","volume":"107","author":"CM den Bakker","year":"2020","unstructured":"den Bakker CM, Anema JR, Huirne JAF, Twisk J, Bonjer HJ, Schaafsma FG (2020) Predicting return to work among patients with colorectal cancer. Br J Surg 107:140\u2013148. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bjs.11313","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10827_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2012-002259","volume":"3","author":"K Carlsen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Carlsen K, Harling H, Pedersen J, Christensen KB, Osler M (2013) The transition between work, sickness absence and pension in a cohort of Danish colorectal cancer survivors. BMJ Open 3(2):e002259. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2012-002259","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10827_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-16-0112","volume":"25","author":"L Chen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chen L, Glimelius I, Neovius M, Ekberg S, Martling A, Eloranta S et al (2016) Work loss duration and predictors following rectal cancer treatment among patients with and without prediagnostic work loss. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 25:987\u2013994. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-16-0112","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"10827_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcpo.2025.100623","author":"SK Schellack","year":"2025","unstructured":"Schellack SK, Koko C, Soff J, Breidenbach C, Kowalski C (2025) Return-to-work regulations for cancer survivors in Europe \u2014 a structured expert-description approach. J Cancer Policy. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcpo.2025.100623","journal-title":"J Cancer Policy"},{"issue":"4","key":"10827_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1007\/s11764-010-0154-6","volume":"4","author":"M Feuerstein","year":"2010","unstructured":"Feuerstein M, Todd BL, Moskowitz MC, Bruns GL, Stoler MR, Nassif T et al (2010) Work in cancer survivors: a model for practice and research. J Cancer Surviv 4(4):415\u2013437. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11764-010-0154-6","journal-title":"J Cancer Surviv"},{"key":"10827_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqp086","volume":"59","author":"Z Amir","year":"2009","unstructured":"Amir Z, Brocky J (2009) Cancer survivorship and employment: epidemiology. Occup Med 59:373\u2013377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/occmed\/kqp086","journal-title":"Occup Med"},{"key":"10827_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/s00103-015-2275-6","volume":"59","author":"T Lampert","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lampert T, Richter M, Schneider S, Spallek J, Dragano N (2016) Soziale ungleichheit und gesundheit. Bundesgesundheitsbl Gesundheitsforsch Gesundheitsschutz 59:153\u2013165. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00103-015-2275-6","journal-title":"Bundesgesundheitsbl Gesundheitsforsch Gesundheitsschutz"},{"key":"10827_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckaa024","volume":"30","author":"S G\u00f6tz","year":"2020","unstructured":"G\u00f6tz S, Wahrendorf M, Siegrist J, Dragano N (2020) Social inequalities in medical rehabilitation outcomes\u2014a registry-based study on 219\u00a0584 insured persons in Germany. Eur J Public Health 30:421\u2013426. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurpub\/ckaa024","journal-title":"Eur J Public Health"},{"key":"10827_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2024.104422","volume":"200","author":"S Schellack","year":"2024","unstructured":"Schellack S, Breidenbach C, Rick O, Kowalski C (2024) Predictive factors for return to work among cancer survivors in Europe: a systematic review. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 200:104422. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2024.104422","journal-title":"Crit Rev Oncol Hematol"},{"key":"10827_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0200720","volume":"13","author":"CM den Bakker","year":"2018","unstructured":"den Bakker CM, Anema JR, Zaman AGNM, Vet HCW, Sharp L, Angenete E et al (2018) Prognostic factors for return to work and work disability among colorectal cancer survivors; a systematic review. PLoS One 13:e0200720. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0200720","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10827_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-15928-w","volume":"23","author":"CQ Vo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Vo CQ, Samuelsen PJ, Sommerseth HL, Wisl\u00f8ff T, Wilsgaard T, Eggen AE (2023) Comparing the sociodemographic characteristics of participants and non-participants in the population-based Troms\u00f8 Study. BMC Public Health 23:994. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-023-15928-w","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10827_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-010-9427-7","volume":"25","author":"E Strandhagen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Strandhagen E, Berg C, Lissner L, Nunez L, Rosengren A, Tor\u00e9n K et al (2010) Selection bias in a population survey with registry linkage: potential effect on socioeconomic gradient in cardiovascular risk. Eur J Epidemiol 25:163\u2013172. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10654-010-9427-7","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10827_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwj036","volume":"163","author":"LM Morton","year":"2006","unstructured":"Morton LM, Cahill J, Hartge P (2006) Reporting participation in epidemiologic studies: a survey of practice. Am J Epidemiol 163:197\u2013203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/aje\/kwj036","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10827_CR34","unstructured":"Forschungsdatenzentrum der Rentenversicherung (FDZ-RV)\u00a0(2025) Reha-Verlaufserhebung 2020\u20132022 (OSV.RSDV.2020\u20132022). [Internet]. [cited 2026 Apr 17]. Available from: https:\/\/fdz-rv.de"},{"key":"10827_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Forschungsdatenzentrum der Rentenversicherung (FDZ-RV). Abgeschlossene Rehabilitation im Versicherungsverlauf 2012 - 2019 [Internet]. Deutsche Rentenversicherung Bund; [cited 2026 Mar 17]. Available from: https:\/\/fdz-rv.de\/SUF.RSDV.2012-2019.1-0, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.57701\/SUF.RSDV.2012-2019.1-0","DOI":"10.57701\/SUF.RSDV.2012-2019.1-0"},{"key":"10827_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e3181577654","volume":"18","author":"E von Elm","year":"2007","unstructured":"von Elm E, Altman DG, Egger M, Pocock SJ, G\u00f8tzsche PC, Vandenbroucke JP (2007) The strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. Epidemiology 18:800. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/EDE.0b013e3181577654","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"10827_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2023.10.001","volume":"34","author":"L Castelo-Branco","year":"2023","unstructured":"Castelo-Branco L, Pellat A, Martins-Branco D, Valachis A, Derksen JWG, Suijkerbuijk KPM et al (2023) ESMO guidance for reporting oncology real-world evidence (GROW). Ann Oncol 34:1097\u20131112. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.annonc.2023.10.001","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"10827_CR38","unstructured":"European Commission, Directorate General for Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion. Joint Employment Report 2022 [Internet]. LU: Publications Office; 2022 [cited 2023 Aug 7]. Available from: https:\/\/data.europa.eu\/doi\/10.2767\/342787"},{"key":"10827_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"UNESCO Institute for Statistics. International standard classification of education (ISCED) 2011 [Internet]. UNESCO Institute for Statistics; 2012 [cited 2023 Jun 5]. Available from: http:\/\/uis.unesco.org\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/international-standard-classification-of-education-isced-2011-en.pdfhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.15220\/978-92-9189-123-8-en","DOI":"10.15220\/978-92-9189-123-8-en"},{"key":"10827_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35 S.","DOI":"10.21241\/SSOAR.69150","volume":"2020\/11","author":"B Schimpl-Neimanns","year":"2020","unstructured":"Schimpl-Neimanns B (2020) Zur Aktualisierung der Berufsklassifikation von Blossfeld mit der Klassifikation der Berufe 2010. GESIS Pap 2020\/11:35 S. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21241\/SSOAR.69150","journal-title":"GESIS Pap"},{"key":"10827_CR41","volume-title":"International classification of functioning, disability and health: ICF","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2001","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2001) International classification of functioning, disability and health: ICF. World Health Organization"},{"key":"10827_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1007\/s10926-005-8034-z","volume":"15","author":"AE Young","year":"2005","unstructured":"Young AE, Roessler RT, Wasiak R, McPherson KM, van Poppel MNM, Anema JR (2005) A developmental conceptualization of return to work. J Occup Rehabil 15:557\u2013568. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10926-005-8034-z","journal-title":"J Occup Rehabil"},{"key":"10827_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-13-152","volume":"13","author":"P Royston","year":"2013","unstructured":"Royston P, Parmar MK (2013) Restricted mean survival time: an alternative to the hazard ratio for the design and analysis of randomized trials with a time-to-event outcome. BMC Med Res Methodol 13:1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2288-13-152","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"key":"10827_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1887","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyw341","volume":"45","author":"J Textor","year":"2016","unstructured":"Textor J, van der Zander B, Gilthorpe MS, Li\u015bkiewicz M, Ellison GT (2016) Robust causal inference using directed acyclic graphs: the R package \u2018dagitty.\u2019 Int J Epidemiol 45:1887\u20131894. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ije\/dyw341","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10827_CR45","unstructured":"R Core Team. R: a language and environment for statistical computing [Internet]. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing; 2025. Available from: https:\/\/www.R-project.org\/"},{"key":"10827_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21105\/joss.01686","volume":"4","author":"H Wickham","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wickham H, Averick M, Bryan J, Chang W, McGowan LD, Fran\u00e7ois R et al (2019) Welcome to the tidyverse. J Open Source Softw 4:1686. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21105\/joss.01686","journal-title":"J Open Source Softw"},{"key":"10827_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Therneau TM, Grambsch PM\u00a0(2000) Modeling survival data: extending the cox model [Internet]. New York, NY: Springer New York; [cited 2026 May 30]. (Dietz K, Gail M, Krickeberg K, Samet J, Tsiatis A, eds. Statistics for biology and health). Available from: https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-1-4757-3294-8, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-4757-3294-8","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-3294-8"},{"key":"10827_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21105\/joss.03139","volume":"6","author":"D L\u00fcdecke","year":"2021","unstructured":"L\u00fcdecke D, Ben-Shachar M, Patil I, Waggoner P, Makowski D (2021) Performance: an R package for assessment, comparison and testing of statistical models. J Open Source Softw 6:3139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21105\/joss.03139","journal-title":"J Open Source Softw"},{"key":"10827_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1007\/s11764-014-0377-z","volume":"8","author":"M Stergiou-Kita","year":"2014","unstructured":"Stergiou-Kita M, Grigorovich A, Tseung V, Milosevic E, Hebert D, Phan S et al (2014) Qualitative meta-synthesis of survivors\u2019 work experiences and the development of strategies to facilitate return to work. J Cancer Surviv 8:657\u2013670. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11764-014-0377-z","journal-title":"J Cancer Surviv"},{"key":"10827_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/ldm001","volume":"81\u201382","author":"B Galobardes","year":"2007","unstructured":"Galobardes B, Lynch J, Smith GD (2007) Measuring socioeconomic position in health research. Br Med Bull 81\u201382:21\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bmb\/ldm001","journal-title":"Br Med Bull"},{"issue":"1","key":"10827_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2004.023531","volume":"60","author":"B Galobardes","year":"2006","unstructured":"Galobardes B, Shaw M, Lawlor DA, Lynch JW, Smith GD (2006) Indicators of socioeconomic position (part 1). J Epidemiol Community Health 60(1):7\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jech.2004.023531","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"key":"10827_CR52","unstructured":"Haustein T\u00a0(2024) Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin f\u00fcr Sozialforschung, Bundesinstitut f\u00fcr Bev\u00f6lkerungsforschung, Statistisches Bundesamt, eds. Sozialbericht: Ein Datenreport f\u00fcr Deutschland. Bonn: bpb; 2024. p 440 (Zeitbilder)"},{"key":"10827_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthpol.2010.06.013","volume":"98","author":"A Paraponaris","year":"2010","unstructured":"Paraponaris A, Teyssier LS, Ventelou B (2010) Job tenure and self-reported workplace discrimination for cancer survivors 2 years after diagnosis: does employment legislation matter? Health Policy 98:144\u2013155. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.healthpol.2010.06.013","journal-title":"Health Policy"},{"key":"10827_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1002\/pon.1820","volume":"20","author":"CA Roelen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Roelen CA, Koopmans PC, Groothoff JW, van der Klink JJ, B\u00fcltmann U (2011) Sickness absence and full return to work after cancer: 2-year follow-up of register data for different cancer sites. Psychooncology 20:1001\u20131006. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pon.1820","journal-title":"Psychooncology"},{"key":"10827_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1007\/s10926-011-9319-z","volume":"21","author":"CAM Roelen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Roelen CAM, Koopmans PC, Groothoff JW, van der Klink JJL, B\u00fcltmann U (2011) Return to work after cancer diagnosed in 2002, 2005 and 2008. J Occup Rehabil 21:335\u2013341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10926-011-9319-z","journal-title":"J Occup Rehabil"},{"key":"10827_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canep.2011.06.001","volume":"36","author":"L Ross","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ross L, Petersen MA, Johnsen AT, Lundstroem LH, Carlsen K, Groenvold M (2012) Factors associated with Danish cancer patients\u2019 return to work. A report from the population-based study \u2018the cancer patient\u2019s world.\u2019 Cancer Epidemiol 36:222\u2013229. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.canep.2011.06.001","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10827_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-069174","volume":"13","author":"M Ravinskaya","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ravinskaya M, Verbeek JH, Langendam M, Madan I, Verstappen SMM, Kunz R et al (2023) Which outcomes should always be measured in intervention studies for improving work participation for people with a health problem? An international multistakeholder Delphi study to develop a core outcome set for work participation (COS for Work). BMJ Open 13(2):e069174. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-069174","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10827_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canep.2024.102598","volume":"91","author":"F Jalili","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jalili F, Hajizadeh M, Mehrabani S, Ghoreishy SM, MacIsaac F (2024) The association between neighborhood socioeconomic status and the risk of incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 1,678,582 participants. Cancer Epidemiol 91:102598. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.canep.2024.102598","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol"},{"key":"10827_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(00)00316-4","volume":"54","author":"S Marcella","year":"2001","unstructured":"Marcella S, Miller JE (2001) Racial differences in colorectal cancer mortality: the importance of stage and socioeconomic status. J Clin Epidemiol 54:359\u2013366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0895-4356(00)00316-4","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10827_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1080\/0284186X.2021.1940274","volume":"60","author":"S Scherer-Trame","year":"2021","unstructured":"Scherer-Trame S, Jansen L, Arndt V, Chang-Claude J, Hoffmeister M, Brenner H (2021) Inpatient rehabilitation therapy among colorectal cancer patients \u2013 utilization and association with prognosis: a cohort study. Acta Oncol 60:1000\u20131010. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/0284186X.2021.1940274","journal-title":"Acta Oncol"},{"key":"10827_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-973828","volume":"46","author":"A Waldmann","year":"2007","unstructured":"Waldmann A, Lautz E, Hampe J, Schreiber S, Schafmayer C, Katalinic A (2007) Popgen-Darmkrebs: Reha-Inanspruchnahme von j\u00fcngeren Patienten mit kolorektalem Tumor. Rehabilitation Stuttg 46:349\u2013355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-2007-973828","journal-title":"Rehabilitation Stuttg"},{"key":"10827_CR62","unstructured":"Robert Koch-Institut (RKI), Statitistisches Bundesamt (DESTATIS). Gesetzliche Krankenversicherung. Mitglieder, mitversicherte Angeh\u00f6rige und Krankenstand. Jahresdurchschnitt 2022 [Internet]. Statistischen Bundesamt; 2023 [cited 2025 Sep 10]. Available from: https:\/\/www.bundesgesundheitsministerium.de\/fileadmin\/Dateien\/3_Downloads\/Statistiken\/GKV\/Mitglieder_Versicherte\/KM1_JD_2022_1_bf.pdf"},{"key":"10827_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2019.01.036","volume":"226","author":"LS Richman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Richman LS, Zucker AN (2019) Quantifying intersectionality: an important advancement for health inequality research. Soc Sci Med 226:246\u2013248. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2019.01.036","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"10827_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1002\/pon.5890","volume":"31","author":"J Kelly-Brown","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kelly-Brown J, Palmer Kelly E, Obeng-Gyasi S, Chen J, Pawlik TM (2022) Intersectionality in cancer care: a systematic review of current research and future directions. Psychooncology 31:705\u2013716. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pon.5890","journal-title":"Psychooncology"}],"container-title":["Supportive Care in Cancer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00520-026-10827-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00520-026-10827-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00520-026-10827-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T18:02:49Z","timestamp":1784052169000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00520-026-10827-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10827"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00520-026-10827-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0941-4355","1433-7339"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0941-4355","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-7339","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 December 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 May 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Ethics Committee at the Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf (reference number: 2025-3459). This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The data used are routine data from the German Pension Insurance that are made available for scientific use. Therefore, it is neither possible nor necessary to obtain consent.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Clara Breidenbach, Nora Tabea Sibert, Christoph Kowalski, Johannes Soff and Sophie Klara Schellack are employees of the German Cancer Society. Johannes Soff is a former employee of the Association of DKG-certified German Colorectal Cancer Centres. All other authors report no conflict of interest.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"650"}}