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This study evaluated whether there was a dose\u2013response relationship between MT intervention exposure and longitudinal changes in pain intensity and opioid utilization.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective electronic health record review was conducted of 283 hospital admissions among adult patients with hematologic\/oncologic conditions who received MT and either reported pain\u2009\u2265\u20094\/10 on the numeric rating scale (NRS) or received opioids in the first 48\u00a0h of admission. Longitudinal changes in pain intensity on the 0\u201310 NRS and log-transformed morphine milligram equivalents were modeled using linear mixed-effects models with natural splines for time since first MT intervention interacting with MT exposure group (1, 2, or\u2009\u2265\u20093 MT interventions). Models were adjusted for baseline values and length of stay.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of 283 hospital admissions, 122 (43.1%) included 1, 89 (31.4%) included 2, and 72 (25.4%) included\u2009\u2265\u20093 MT interventions. No meaningful MT exposure-by-time effects were found for pain intensity (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.131) or opioid utilization per day (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.118).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among patients admitted with hematologic\/oncologic conditions, greater MT exposure does not appear to reduce pain intensity or opioid exposure over time relative to receiving 1 MT intervention. Future evaluations of inpatient programs should consider collecting more robust data on outcomes that may be more sensitive to intervention (e.g., stress, anxiety) and increasing the MT dose to have a greater impact on outcomes over time.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-026-10865-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T02:33:57Z","timestamp":1780713237000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Longitudinal effects of inpatient music therapy dosage on pain intensity and opioid utilization among patients with hematologic or oncologic conditions: a retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0886-253X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel N.","family":"Rodgers-Melnick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas","family":"Gunzler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas E.","family":"Love","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siran M.","family":"Koroukian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Beno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Santosh","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rab","family":"Razzak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffery A.","family":"Dusek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johnie","family":"Rose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"10865_CR1","unstructured":"American Music Therapy Association (2021) What is music therapy? | What is music therapy? | American Music Therapy Association (AMTA)\u00a0[cited 2021 March 8]. 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