{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T10:57:53Z","timestamp":1790074673034,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782950400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Support Care Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine whether nonpharmacological interventions reduce delirium incidence in adult patients with cancer and to identify effective intervention strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis following PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, CENTRAL, CINAHL, and Ichushi-Web were searched through September 30, 2024, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Two authors independently extracted data, assessed the risk of bias using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool, and evaluated the certainty of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. The primary outcome was delirium incidence. A random-effects model was used for the meta-analysis. The study protocol was registered with UMIN-CTR (No. UMIN000051804; registered August 2, 2023).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, 12 RCTs involving 2,747 patients were included. Interventions were categorized into multicomponent interventions, bright light therapy, rehabilitation, and anesthesia or oxygen management. The meta-analysis of five trials showed that multicomponent interventions significantly reduced delirium incidence (risk ratio [RR], 0.43; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.31\u20130.60; moderate-certainty evidence), with benefit predominantly observed in postoperative settings. The evidence for bright light therapy was inconclusive (RR, 0.31; 95%CI, 0.07\u20131.31; very low-certainty evidence). Most of the included studies had concerns regarding the risk of bias, mainly due to a lack of blinding.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Multicomponent nonpharmacological interventions may reduce delirium incidence in adult patients with cancer, particularly in postoperative or perioperative settings. However, the certainty of evidence is moderate, and the included studies vary in patient populations, intervention components, and healthcare settings. Evidence for standalone interventions and prevention strategies in palliative or end-of-life care remains limited and inconclusive.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-026-10898-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T05:42:35Z","timestamp":1782970955000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Nonpharmacological interventions for preventing delirium in adult patients with cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1991-6937","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yusuke","family":"Kanno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaoru","family":"Shinsato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6875-6275","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"Kako","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5092-9377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoshinobu","family":"Matsuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1444-7259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shinichiro","family":"Inoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hitoshi","family":"Tanimukai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saho","family":"Wada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7894-4528","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takaaki","family":"Hasegawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"10898_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425787","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2022","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (2022) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th edn. American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425787","edition":"5th edn"},{"key":"10898_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60688-1","volume":"383","author":"SK Inouye","year":"2014","unstructured":"Inouye SK, Westendorp RGJ, Saczynski JS (2014) Delirium in elderly people. Lancet 383:911\u2013922. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60688-1","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10898_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.1013","volume":"304","author":"J Witlox","year":"2010","unstructured":"Witlox J, Eurelings LSM, de Jonghe JFM, Kalisvaart KJ, Eikelenboom P, van Gool WA (2010) Delirium in elderly patients and the risk of postdischarge mortality, institutionalization, and dementia: a meta-analysis. JAMA 304:443\u2013451. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2010.1013","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10898_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"h2538","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h2538","volume":"350","author":"JIF Salluh","year":"2015","unstructured":"Salluh JIF, Wang H, Schneider EB, Nagaraja N, Yenokyan G, Damluji A et al (2015) Outcome of delirium in critically ill patients: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 350:h2538. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.h2538","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10898_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1177\/0269216312457214","volume":"27","author":"A Hosie","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hosie A, Davidson PM, Agar M, Sanderson CR, Phillips J (2013) Delirium prevalence, incidence, and implications for screening in specialist palliative care inpatient settings: a systematic review. Palliat Med 27:486\u2013498. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0269216312457214","journal-title":"Palliat Med"},{"key":"10898_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1177\/0269216319854944","volume":"33","author":"CL Watt","year":"2019","unstructured":"Watt CL, Momoli F, Ansari MT, Sikora L, Bush SH, Hosie A et al (2019) The incidence and prevalence of delirium across palliative care settings: a systematic review. Palliat Med 33:865\u2013877. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0269216319854944","journal-title":"Palliat Med"},{"key":"10898_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.14076","volume":"64","author":"KJ Neufeld","year":"2016","unstructured":"Neufeld KJ, Yue J, Robinson TN, Inouye SK, Needham DM (2016) Antipsychotic medication for prevention and treatment of delirium in hospitalized adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Geriatr Soc 64:705\u2013714. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jgs.14076","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10898_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.7326\/M19-1859","volume":"171","author":"ES Oh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Oh ES, Needham DM, Nikooie R, Wilson LM, Zhang A, Robinson KA, Neufeld KJ (2019) Antipsychotics for preventing delirium in hospitalized adults: a systematic review. Ann Intern Med 171:474\u2013484. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/M19-1859","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10898_CR9","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) (2010) Delirium: prevention, diagnosis and management [NICE Guideline CG103]. NICE, London. https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/cg103. Accessed 2024 Sep 30"},{"key":"10898_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.13281","volume":"63","author":"American Geriatrics Society Expert Panel on Postoperative Delirium in Older Adults","year":"2015","unstructured":"American Geriatrics Society Expert Panel on Postoperative Delirium in Older Adults (2015) American Geriatrics Society abstracted clinical practice guideline for postoperative delirium in older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 63:142\u2013150. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jgs.13281","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10898_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.25182013","volume":"182","author":"C Crone","year":"2025","unstructured":"Crone C, Fochtmann LJ, Ahmed I, Balas MC, Boland R, Escobar JI et al (2025) The American Psychiatric Association practice guideline for the prevention and treatment of delirium. Am J Psychiatry 182:880\u2013884. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.ajp.25182013","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10898_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2014.7779","volume":"175","author":"TT Hshieh","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hshieh TT, Yue J, Oh E, Puelle M, Dowal S, Travison T, Inouye SK (2015) Effectiveness of multicomponent nonpharmacological delirium interventions: a meta-analysis. JAMA Intern Med 175:512\u2013520. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamainternmed.2014.7779","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"10898_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Burton JK, Craig LE, Yong SQ, Siddiqi N, Teale EA, Woodhouse R, et al (2021) Non-pharmacological interventions for preventing delirium in hospitalised non-ICU patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 7:CD013307.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD013307.pub2","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013307.pub2"},{"key":"10898_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610217002782","volume":"30","author":"T Oberai","year":"2018","unstructured":"Oberai T, Laver K, Crotty M, Killington M, Jaarsma R (2018) Effectiveness of multicomponent interventions on incidence of delirium in hospitalized older patients with hip fracture: a systematic review. Int Psychogeriatr 30:481\u2013492. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1041610217002782","journal-title":"Int Psychogeriatr"},{"key":"10898_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3675","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2012.43.0116","volume":"30","author":"TA Ahles","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ahles TA, Root JC, Ryan EL (2012) Cancer- and cancer treatment-associated cognitive change: an update on the state of the science. J Clin Oncol 30:3675\u20133686. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/JCO.2012.43.0116","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10898_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1136\/spcare-2024-004781","volume":"15","author":"Z Kruize","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kruize Z, van Campen I, Vermunt L, Geerse O, Stoffels J, Teunissen C, van Zuylen L (2025) Delirium pathophysiology in cancer: neurofilament light chain biomarker\u2014narrative review. BMJ Support Palliat Care 15:319\u2013325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/spcare-2024-004781","journal-title":"BMJ Support Palliat Care"},{"key":"10898_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","volume":"372","author":"MJ Page","year":"2021","unstructured":"Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD et al (2021) The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ 372:n71. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.n71","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10898_CR18","volume-title":"Minds manual for guideline development","author":"N Kojimahara","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kojimahara N, Morizane T, Yamaguchi N, Yoshida M (2017) Minds manual for guideline development. Japan Council for Quality Health Care, Tokyo"},{"key":"10898_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"l4898","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4898","volume":"366","author":"JAC Sterne","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sterne JAC, Savovi\u0107 J, Page MJ, Elbers RG, Blencowe NS, Boutron I et al (2019) RoB 2: A revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ 366:l4898. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.l4898","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10898_CR20","unstructured":"Deeks JJ, Higgins JPT, Altman DG (updated 2024). Chapter 10 Analysing data and undertaking meta-analyses. In: Higgins JPT, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, Welch VA (eds) Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions version 6.5. Cochrane. Available from https:\/\/www.cochrane.org\/authors\/handbooks-and-manuals\/handbook\/current\/chapter-10. Accessed 30 Sept 2024"},{"key":"10898_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1038\/bmt.2012.244","volume":"48","author":"Y Kanda","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kanda Y (2013) Investigation of the freely available easy-to-use software \u201cEZR\u201d for medical statistics. Bone Marrow Transplant 48:452\u2013458. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/bmt.2012.244","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"10898_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39489.470347.AD","volume":"336","author":"GH Guyatt","year":"2008","unstructured":"Guyatt GH, Oxman AD, Vist GE, Kunz R, Falck-Ytter Y, Alonso-Coello P et al (2008) GRADE: an emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. BMJ 336:924\u2013926. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.39489.470347.AD","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10898_CR23","unstructured":"Sch\u00fcnemann H, Bro\u017cek J, Guyatt G, Oxman A (eds) (updated 2013) GRADE handbook for grading quality of evidence and strength of recommendations, Internet. The GRADE Working Group. https:\/\/gdt.gradepro.org\/app\/handbook\/handbook.html. Accessed 2024 Sep 30"},{"key":"10898_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1620\/tjem.2023.J108","volume":"263","author":"CY Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen CY, Ding H, Wang SS (2024) Effectiveness of Roy Adaptation Model-based cognitive stimulation therapy in elderly patients with non-small cell lung cancer undergoing curative resection. Tohoku J Exp Med 263:27\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1620\/tjem.2023.J108","journal-title":"Tohoku J Exp Med"},{"key":"10898_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2019.4446","volume":"180","author":"YY Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang YY, Yue JR, Xie DM, Carter P, Li QL, Gartaganis SL et al (2020) Effect of the tailored, family-involved hospital elder Life Program on postoperative delirium and function in older adults: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Intern Med 180:17\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamainternmed.2019.4446","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"10898_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.1089\/jpm.2019.0632","volume":"23","author":"A Hosie","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hosie A, Phillips J, Lam L, Kochovska S, Noble B, Brassil M et al (2020) A multicomponent nonpharmacological intervention to prevent delirium for hospitalized people with advanced cancer: a phase II cluster randomized waitlist controlled trial (The PRESERVE Pilot Study). J Palliat Med 23:1314\u20131322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/jpm.2019.0632","journal-title":"J Palliat Med"},{"key":"10898_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2017.1083","volume":"152","author":"CCH Chen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chen CCH, Li HC, Liang JT, Lai IR, Purnomo JDT, Yang YT et al (2017) Effect of a modified Hospital Elder Life Program on delirium and length of hospital stay in patients undergoing abdominal surgery: a cluster randomized clinical trial. JAMA Surg 152:827\u2013834. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamasurg.2017.1083","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"key":"10898_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2015.10.009","volume":"62","author":"Y Guo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Guo Y, Sun L, Li L, Jia P, Zhang J, Jiang H, Jiang W (2016) Impact of multicomponent, nonpharmacologic interventions on perioperative cortisol and melatonin levels and postoperative delirium in elderly oral cancer patients. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 62:112\u2013117. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.archger.2015.10.009","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"key":"10898_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e64834","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0064834","volume":"8","author":"L Hempenius","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hempenius L, Slaets JPJ, van Asselt D, de Bock GH, Wiggers T, van Leeuwen BL (2013) Outcomes of a geriatric liaison intervention to prevent the development of postoperative delirium in frail elderly cancer patients: report on a multicentre, randomized, controlled trial. PLoS ONE 8:e64834. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0064834","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10898_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2011.03.003","volume":"27","author":"H Ono","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ono H, Taguchi T, Kido Y, Fujino Y, Doki Y (2011) The usefulness of bright light therapy for patients after oesophagectomy. Intensive Crit Care Nurs 27:158\u2013166. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.iccn.2011.03.003","journal-title":"Intensive Crit Care Nurs"},{"key":"10898_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2007.04.004","volume":"23","author":"T Taguchi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Taguchi T, Yano M, Kido Y (2007) Influence of bright light therapy on postoperative patients: a pilot study. Intensive Crit Care Nurs 23:289\u2013297. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.iccn.2007.04.004","journal-title":"Intensive Crit Care Nurs"},{"key":"10898_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apjon.2023.100263","volume":"10","author":"Y Yuan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yuan Y, Gu Q, Zhu M, Zhang Y, Lan M (2023) Frailty-originated early rehabilitation reduces postoperative delirium in brain tumor patients: results from a prospective randomized study. Asia Pac J Oncol Nurs 10:100263. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apjon.2023.100263","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Oncol Nurs"},{"key":"10898_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300060524127460","DOI":"10.1177\/03000605241274604","volume":"52","author":"P Teng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Teng P, Liu H, Xu D, Feng X, Liu M, Wang Q (2024) Effect of optimizing cerebral oxygen saturation on postoperative delirium in older patients undergoing one-lung ventilation for thoracoscopic surgery. J Int Med Res 52:3000605241274604. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/03000605241274604","journal-title":"J Int Med Res"},{"key":"10898_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-024-02617-3","volume":"24","author":"J Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen J, Liang S, Wei M, Ma Y, Bi T, Liu Z et al (2024) Trace of delirium after robotic lower abdominal tumor resection at different end-tidal carbon dioxide: a RCT trial. BMC Anesthesiol 24:234. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12871-024-02617-3","journal-title":"BMC Anesthesiol"},{"key":"10898_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S311190","volume":"16","author":"X Lin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lin X, Wang P, Liu DW, Guo YW, Xie CH, Wang B et al (2021) Intraoperative oxygen concentration and postoperative delirium after laparoscopic gastric and colorectal malignancies surgery: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. Clin Interv Aging 16:1085\u20131093. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/CIA.S311190","journal-title":"Clin Interv Aging"},{"key":"10898_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1864","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.16565","volume":"68","author":"P Ludolph","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ludolph P, Stoffers-Winterling J, Kunzler AM, R\u00f6sch R, Geschke K, Vahl CF, Lieb K (2020) Non-pharmacologic multicomponent interventions preventing delirium in hospitalized people. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:1864\u20131871. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jgs.16565","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"1","key":"10898_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.2669","volume":"9","author":"Y Matsuda","year":"2020","unstructured":"Matsuda Y, Maeda I, Morita T, Yamauchi T, Sakashita A, Watanabe H et al (2020) Reversibility of delirium in ill-hospitalized cancer patients: does underlying etiology matter? Cancer Med 9(1):19\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cam4.2669","journal-title":"Cancer Med"},{"key":"10898_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2013.09.005","volume":"21","author":"JR Maldonado","year":"2013","unstructured":"Maldonado JR (2013) Neuropathogenesis of delirium: review of current etiologic theories and common pathways. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 21:1190\u20131222. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jagp.2013.09.005","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"10898_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.160.6.786","volume":"160","author":"PG Lawlor","year":"2000","unstructured":"Lawlor PG, Gagnon B, Mancini IL, Pereira JL, Hanson J, Suarez-Almazor ME, Bruera ED (2000) Occurrence, causes, and outcome of delirium in patients with advanced cancer: a prospective study. Arch Intern Med 160:786\u2013794. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archinte.160.6.786","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10898_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1623","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-017-0804-3","volume":"77","author":"SH Bush","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bush SH, Tierney S, Lawlor PG (2017) Clinical assessment and management of delirium in the palliative care setting. Drugs 77:1623\u20131643. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40265-017-0804-3","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"10898_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1177\/0748730405277983","volume":"20","author":"JF Duffy","year":"2005","unstructured":"Duffy JF, Wright KP Jr (2005) Entrainment of the human circadian system by light. J Biol Rhythms 20:326\u2013338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0748730405277983","journal-title":"J Biol Rhythms"},{"key":"10898_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1390216","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2024.1390216","volume":"18","author":"E Campbell","year":"2024","unstructured":"Campbell E, Figueiro MG (2024) Postoperative cognitive dysfunction: spotlight on light, circadian rhythms, and sleep. Front Neurosci 18:1390216. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnins.2024.1390216","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"}],"container-title":["Supportive Care in Cancer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00520-026-10898-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00520-026-10898-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00520-026-10898-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T06:45:41Z","timestamp":1784011541000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00520-026-10898-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10898"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00520-026-10898-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["0941-4355","1433-7339"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0941-4355","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-7339","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 January 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 July 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable for the purposes of the systematic review.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to publish"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"720"}}