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The pathway-development study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University (Approval No. KYLL-2024-0645; March 2024). Healthcare professionals who participated in the qualitative interviews provided written informed consent before participation, including consent for the use of anonymised quotations in publications. Patients and family caregivers who participated in the consultation activities provided oral informed consent before participation.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Healthcare professionals who participated in the qualitative interviews provided written informed consent for the use of anonymised quotations in publications. No identifiable participant information is reported.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"1058"}}