{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T17:41:51Z","timestamp":1792690911931,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792627200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792627200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No. 82271239"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 82271239"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Support Care Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-026-11323-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T04:30:29Z","timestamp":1792643429000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Bolus-only versus bolus plus continuous infusion hydromorphone for refractory cancer pain: a prospective, multicenter, randomized noninferiority trial"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Zhe","family":"Yan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanbin","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wensheng","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liyan","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guanglun","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Demin","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiying","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"11323_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdm056","volume":"18","author":"MHJ van den Beuken-van Everdingen","year":"2007","unstructured":"van den Beuken-van Everdingen MHJ, de Rijke JM, Kessels AG, Schouten HC, van Kleef M, Patijn J (2007) Prevalence of pain in patients with cancer: a systematic review of the past 40 years. Ann Oncol 18(9):1437\u20131449","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"11323_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2019.0038","author":"RA Swarm","year":"2019","unstructured":"Swarm RA, Paice JA, Anghelescu DL et al (2019) Adult cancer pain, version 3.2019, NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.6004\/jnccn.2019.0038","journal-title":"J Natl Compr Canc Netw"},{"key":"11323_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1534300","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2025.1534300","volume":"15","author":"Q Lan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lan Q, Ouyang A, Chen Y, Li Y, Zhong B, Deng S (2025) Pain, lactate, and anesthetics: intertwined regulators of tumor metabolism and immunity. Front Oncol 15:1534300. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fonc.2025.1534300","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"11323_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1481245","DOI":"10.3389\/fpain.2025.1481245","volume":"6","author":"V Barnosky","year":"2025","unstructured":"Barnosky V, Brown M, Bagchi S et al (2025) Underutilized treatments for patients with refractory cancer pain: a qualitative study assessing the use of intrathecal drug delivery devices in the United Kingdom compared to alternative treatments in cancer pain management. Front Pain Res (Lausanne) 6:1481245. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpain.2025.1481245","journal-title":"Front Pain Res (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"1","key":"11323_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1186\/s12904-022-01076-2","volume":"21","author":"H Ding","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ding H, Song Y, Xin W et al (2022) Methadone switching for refractory cancer pain. BMC Palliat Care 21(1):191. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12904-022-01076-2","journal-title":"BMC Palliat Care"},{"issue":"11","key":"11323_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1007\/s12094-016-1490-4","volume":"18","author":"J Boceta","year":"2016","unstructured":"Boceta J, De la Torre A, Samper D, Farto M, S\u00e1nchez-de la Rosa R (2016) Consensus and controversies in the definition, assessment, treatment and monitoring of BTcP: results of a Delphi study. Clin Transl Oncol 18(11):1088\u20131097","journal-title":"Clin Transl Oncol"},{"issue":"12","key":"11323_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-023-08076-9","volume":"31","author":"GB Crawford","year":"2023","unstructured":"Crawford GB, Lakhani A, Palmer L, Sebalj M, Rolan P (2023) A systematic review of qualitative research exploring patient and health professional perspectives of breakthrough cancer pain. Support Care Cancer 31(12):619. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00520-023-08076-9","journal-title":"Support Care Cancer"},{"issue":"3","key":"11323_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1136\/spcare-2024-004951","volume":"15","author":"GB Crawford","year":"2025","unstructured":"Crawford GB, Lakhani A, Palmer L, Sebalj M, Rolan P (2025) Breakthrough cancer pain management: mixed-methods study of health care professionals. BMJ Support Palliat Care 15(3):349\u2013358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/spcare-2024-004951","journal-title":"BMJ Support Palliat Care"},{"issue":"7","key":"11323_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1200\/OP-24-00650","volume":"21","author":"MJ Geum","year":"2025","unstructured":"Geum MJ, Lee SW, Lee C-K et al (2025) Optimizing intravenous patient-controlled analgesia for cancer pain: a randomized controlled trial on adjusted background infusion rates. JCO Oncol Pract 21(7):1008\u20131016. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/OP-24-00650","journal-title":"JCO Oncol Pract"},{"key":"11323_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7323581","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/7323581","volume":"2018","author":"Z Peng","year":"2018","unstructured":"Peng Z, Zhang Y, Guo J, Guo X, Feng Z (2018) Patient-controlled intravenous analgesia for advanced cancer patients with pain: a retrospective series study. Pain Res Manag 2018:7323581. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2018\/7323581","journal-title":"Pain Res Manag"},{"key":"11323_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15153778","author":"S Mercadante","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mercadante S (2023) The use of parenteral opioids in cancer pain management. Cancers (Basel). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers15153778","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"11323_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.08.025","volume":"597","author":"P Kumar","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kumar P, Sunkaraneni S, Sirohi S, Dighe SV, Walker EA, Yoburn BC (2008) Hydromorphone efficacy and treatment protocol impact on tolerance and mu-opioid receptor regulation. Eur J Pharmacol 597(1\u20133):39\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.08.025","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"11323_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(93)90051-P","volume":"53","author":"M-C Vanier","year":"1993","unstructured":"Vanier M-C, Labrecque G, Lepage-Savary D, Poulin \u00c9, Provencher L, Lamontagne C (1993) Comparison of hydromorphone continuous subcutaneous infusion and basal rate subcutaneous infusion plus PCA in cancer pain: a pilot study. Pain 53(1):27\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0304-3959(93)90051-P","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"10","key":"11323_CR14","first-page":"CD011108","volume":"10","author":"YJ Bao","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bao YJ, Hou W, Kong XY et al (2016) Hydromorphone for cancer pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 10(10):CD011108","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"11323_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1111\/papr.12965","volume":"21","author":"S Mercadante","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mercadante S, Adile C, Tirelli W, Ferrera P, Penco I, Casuccio A (2021) Barriers and adherence to pain management in advanced cancer patients. Pain Pract 21(4):388\u2013393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/papr.12965","journal-title":"Pain Pract"},{"issue":"8","key":"11323_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2019.0038","volume":"17","author":"RA Swarm","year":"2019","unstructured":"Swarm RA, Paice JA, Anghelescu DL, Are M, Bruce JY, Buga S et al (2019) Adult cancer pain, version 3.2019, NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 17(8):977\u20131007. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.6004\/jnccn.2019.0038","journal-title":"J Natl Compr Canc Netw"},{"key":"11323_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dong Y, Chen H, Zheng Y, et al (2015) Psychometric validation of the edmonton symptom assessment system in Chinese patients. J Pain Symptom Manage 50(5) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/JCO.2015.61.0733","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2015.61.0733"},{"issue":"5","key":"11323_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1177\/0269216310387962","volume":"25","author":"A Pigni","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pigni A, Brunelli C, Caraceni A (2011) The role of hydromorphone in cancer pain treatment: a systematic review. Palliat Med 25(5):471\u2013477. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0269216310387962","journal-title":"Palliat Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"11323_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2012.12.009","volume":"46","author":"A Davies","year":"2013","unstructured":"Davies A, Buchanan A, Zeppetella G et al (2013) Breakthrough cancer pain: an observational study of 1000 European oncology patients. J Pain Symptom Manage 46(5):619\u2013628. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2012.12.009","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manage"},{"issue":"11","key":"11323_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e064581","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-064581","volume":"12","author":"Y Ma","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ma Y, Deng Z, Feng X et al (2022) Effects of hydromorphone-based intravenous patient-controlled analgesia with and without a low basal infusion on postoperative hypoxaemia: study protocol for a randomised controlled clinical trial. BMJ Open 12(11):e064581. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-064581","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"11323_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina57010042","author":"KT Jung","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jung KT, So KY, Kim SU, Kim SH (2021) The optimizing background infusion mode decreases intravenous patient-controlled analgesic volume and opioid consumption compared to fixed-rate background infusion in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a prospective, randomized, controlled, double-blind study. Medicina (Kaunas). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medicina57010042","journal-title":"Medicina (Kaunas)"},{"issue":"10","key":"11323_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1089\/jpm.2008.0155","volume":"11","author":"HA Parsons","year":"2008","unstructured":"Parsons HA, Shukkoor A, Quan H et al (2008) Intermittent subcutaneous opioids for the management of cancer pain. J Palliat Med 11(10):1319\u20131324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/jpm.2008.0155","journal-title":"J Palliat Med"},{"key":"11323_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.24966\/RMGO-2574\/100103","volume":"7","author":"N-J Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu N-J (2022) Disrupting spinal caveolin-1 scaffolding prevents as well as reverses tolerance to opioid antiallodynia in treating neuropathic pain in rats. J Reprod Med Gynaecol Obstet 7:1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24966\/RMGO-2574\/100103","journal-title":"J Reprod Med Gynaecol Obstet"},{"issue":"5","key":"11323_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e25266","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.25266","volume":"14","author":"R Sakamoto","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sakamoto R, Koyama A (2022) Analysis of various factors associated with opioid dose escalation in patients with cancer pain. Cureus 14(5):e25266. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.25266","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"11323_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1674672","DOI":"10.3389\/fpain.2025.1674672","volume":"6","author":"Z Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang Z, Jiao P (2025) Patient-controlled subcutaneous analgesia with hydromorphone in cancer pain management. Front Pain Res (Lausanne) 6:1674672. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpain.2025.1674672","journal-title":"Front Pain Res (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"2","key":"11323_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-025-02271-4","volume":"51","author":"JD Ellis","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ellis JD, Towers EB, Dunn KE et al (2025) Reliable variability in subjective responses to parenteral hydromorphone administration: empirical confirmation of an opioid non-responder phenotype. Neuropsychopharmacology 51(2):455\u2013463. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41386-025-02271-4","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"1","key":"11323_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/s12245-024-00615-3","volume":"17","author":"MB Oon","year":"2024","unstructured":"Oon MB, Nik Ab Rahman NH, Mohd Noor N, Yazid MB (2024) Patient-controlled analgesia morphine for the management of acute pain in the emergency department: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Emerg Med 17(1):37. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12245-024-00615-3","journal-title":"Int J Emerg Med"}],"container-title":["Supportive Care in Cancer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00520-026-11323-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00520-026-11323-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00520-026-11323-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T17:02:39Z","timestamp":1792688559000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00520-026-11323-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]}},"alternative-id":["11323"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00520-026-11323-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["0941-4355","1433-7339"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0941-4355","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-7339","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 April 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 October 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 October 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The study protocols were granted approval by the Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University (Number: 2018\u2013975); all participating patients provided written informed consent.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that we do not have any commercial or associative interest that represents a conflict of interest in connection with the work submitted.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"1139"}}