{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T22:12:13Z","timestamp":1765231933875},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,27]],"date-time":"2011-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1311724800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Hepato Biliary Pancreat"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of the study was to retrospectively assess in a Japanese university hospital the risk factors for fungal infections and mortality in living\u2010donor liver transplantations (LDLTs). Although fungal infections are an important complication associated with high mortality in liver transplantation, the risk factors for fungal infections developing after LDLT remain poorly understood.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patient records for a total of 156 patients undergoing LDLT over a 6\u2010year period in our institution were retrospectively evaluated. All transplant recipients were routinely observed for fungal infections with close monitoring for febrile episodes and collection and culture of saliva, pharynx, sputum, urine, feces, and drain discharge specimens undertaken. Fungal infection was defined as proposed by the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer\/Mycoses Study Group. Patients with definite or probable infection were diagnosed as having specific invasive fungal infection in this study. Data were reviewed and collated from these patients' records, and multivariate analyses were performed to identify possible risk factors for mortality and the development of fungal infections.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nineteen of 156 patients (12.2%) developed invasive fungal infections, involving <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>spp. (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 13), <jats:italic>Pneumocystis jiroveci<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 4), and <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic>spp. (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 2). Eight of these 19 patients died, 4 from pneumonia, and 1 each from cerebral hemorrhage, chronic rejection, virus\u2010associated hemophagocytic syndrome, and cancer recurrence. The 5\u2010year survival rate was significantly lower in patients with fungal infections than in those without (53 vs. 90%;<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). Fungal infection was independently associated with reoperation (odds ratio 6.92, 1.82\u201426.27, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.004), posttransplant dialysis (5.62, 1.51\u201420.88, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.009), and bacterial infection (3.94, 1.02\u201415.26, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.04).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Independent risk factors of fungal infection after LDLT are reoperation, posttransplant dialysis, and bacterial infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00534-011-0423-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,26]],"date-time":"2011-07-26T05:16:39Z","timestamp":1311657399000},"page":"382-388","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["The risk factors of fungal infection in living\u2010donor liver transplantations"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Takao","family":"Ohkubo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Artificial Organ and Transplantation Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine University of Tokyo  7\u20103\u20101 Hongo, Bunkyo\u2010ku Tokyo 113\u20108655 Japan"},{"name":"Department of Digestive Surgery Nihon University School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasuhiko","family":"Sugawara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Artificial Organ and Transplantation Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine University of Tokyo  7\u20103\u20101 Hongo, Bunkyo\u2010ku Tokyo 113\u20108655 Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tadatoshi","family":"Takayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Digestive Surgery Nihon University School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Norihiro","family":"Kokudo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Artificial Organ and Transplantation Division, 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