{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T11:32:02Z","timestamp":1773833522116,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,8]],"date-time":"2009-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1260230400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Gastroenterol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-009-0169-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,7]],"date-time":"2009-12-07T07:25:01Z","timestamp":1260170701000},"page":"406-412","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Coccoid Helicobacter pylori exists in the palatine tonsils of patients with IgA nephropathy"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Kenichiro","family":"Kusano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akira","family":"Inokuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazuma","family":"Fujimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Miyamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Osamu","family":"Tokunaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuichiro","family":"Kuratomi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rintaro","family":"Shimazu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daisuke","family":"Mori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fumio","family":"Yamasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazuki","family":"Kidera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyoko","family":"Tsunetomi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junji","family":"Miyazaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"169_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.37.1.1","volume":"37","author":"MA Mendall","year":"1995","unstructured":"Mendall MA, Northfield TC. Transmission of Helicobacter pylori infection. Gut. 1995;37:1\u20133.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"169_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1016\/S1079-2104(05)80304-X","volume":"79","author":"AM Nguyen","year":"1995","unstructured":"Nguyen AM, el Zaatari FA, Graham DY. Helicobacter pylori in the oral cavity. A critical review of the literature. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1995;79:705\u20139.","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"169_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S9","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(97)80004-2","volume":"113","author":"DR Cave","year":"1997","unstructured":"Cave DR. How is Helicobacter pylori transmitted? Gastroenterology. 1997;113:S9\u201314.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"169_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2162","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026636519241","volume":"45","author":"Q Song","year":"2000","unstructured":"Song Q, Spahr A, Schmid RM, Adler G, Bode G. Helicobacter pylori in the oral cavity: high prevalence and great DNA diversity. Dig Dis Sci. 2000;45:2162\u20137.","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"169_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1636","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)93088-0","volume":"343","author":"T Shimada","year":"1994","unstructured":"Shimada T, Ogura K, Ota S, Terano A, Takahashi M, Hamada E, et al. Identification of Helicobacter pylori in gastric specimens, gastric juice, saliva, and faeces of Japanese patients. Lancet. 1994;343:1636\u20137.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"169_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.129.11.1225","volume":"129","author":"MY Cirak","year":"2003","unstructured":"Cirak MY, Ozdek A, Yilmaz D, Bayiz U, Samim E, Turet S. Detection of Helicobacter pylori and its CagA gene in tonsil and adenoid tissues by PCR. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2003;129:1225\u20139.","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"169_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1997.tb10452.x","volume":"152","author":"K Ishihara","year":"1997","unstructured":"Ishihara K, Miura T, Kimizuka R, Ebihara Y, Mizuno Y, Okuda K. Oral bacteria inhibit Helicobacter pylori growth. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 1997;152:355\u201361.","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Lett"},{"key":"169_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-51-4-312","volume":"51","author":"RP Allaker","year":"2002","unstructured":"Allaker RP, Young KA, Hardie JM, Domizio P, Meadows NJ. Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori at oral and gastrointestinal sites in children: evidence for possible oral-to-oral transmission. J Med Microbiol. 2002;51:312\u20137.","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"169_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1788","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2007.04.012","volume":"38","author":"K Kusano","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kusano K, Tokunaga O, Ando T, Inokuchi A. Helicobacter pylori in the palatine tonsils of patients with IgA nephropathy compared with those of patients with recurrent pharyngotonsillitis. Hum Pathol. 2007;38:1788\u201397.","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"169_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1996.tb08047.x","volume":"136","author":"SN Wai","year":"1996","unstructured":"Wai SN, Moriya T, Kondo K, Misumi H, Amako K. Resuscitation of Vibrio cholerae O1 strain TSI-4 from a viable but nonculturable state by heat shock. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 1996;136:187\u201391.","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Lett"},{"key":"169_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/s002030050741","volume":"172","author":"Y Mizunoe","year":"1999","unstructured":"Mizunoe Y, Wai SN, Takade A, Yoshida S. Restoration of culturability of starvation-stressed and low-temperature-stressed Escherichia coli O157 cells by using H2O2-degrading compounds. Arch Microbiol. 1999;172:63\u20137.","journal-title":"Arch Microbiol"},{"key":"169_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2047","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.63.5.2047-2053.1997","volume":"63","author":"M Steinert","year":"1997","unstructured":"Steinert M, Emody L, Amann R, Hacker J. Resuscitation of viable but nonculturable Legionella pneumophila Philadelphia JR32 by Acanthamoeba castellanii. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1997;63:2047\u201353.","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"169_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7462","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.69.12.7462-7466.2003","volume":"69","author":"BL Adams","year":"2003","unstructured":"Adams BL, Bates TC, Oliver JD. Survival of Helicobacter pylori in a natural freshwater environment. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2003;69:7462\u20136.","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"169_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1699-0463.1998.tb01386.x","volume":"106","author":"L Cellini","year":"1998","unstructured":"Cellini L, Robuffo I, Di Campli E, Di Bartolomeo S, Taraborelli T, Dainelli B. Recovery of Helicobacter pylori ATCC43504 from a viable but not culturable state: regrowth or resuscitation? APMIS. 1998;106:571\u20139.","journal-title":"APMIS"},{"key":"169_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14559","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.25.14559","volume":"96","author":"ED Segal","year":"1999","unstructured":"Segal ED, Cha J, Lo J, Falkow S, Tompkins LS. Altered states: involvement of phosphorylated CagA in the induction of host cellular growth changes by Helicobacter pylori. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1999;96:14559\u201364.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"169_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.03.041","volume":"135","author":"D Basso","year":"2008","unstructured":"Basso D, Zambon CF, Letley DP, Stranges A, Marchet A, Rhead JL, et al. Clinical relevance of Helicobacter pylori cagA and vacA gene polymorphisms. Gastroenterology. 2008;135:91\u20139.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"169_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.46.3.321","volume":"46","author":"LJ Doorn van","year":"2000","unstructured":"van Doorn LJ, Schneeberger PM, Nouhan N, Plaisier AP, Quint WG, de Boer WA. Importance of Helicobacter pylori cagA and vacA status for the efficacy of antibiotic treatment. Gut. 2000;46:321\u20136.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"169_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1926","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2004.04.049","volume":"126","author":"T Azuma","year":"2004","unstructured":"Azuma T, Ohtani M, Yamazaki Y, Higashi H, Hatakeyama M. Meta-analysis of the relationship between CagA seropositivity and gastric cancer. Gastroenterology. 2004;126:1926\u20137.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"169_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.42.3.338","volume":"42","author":"S Maeda","year":"1998","unstructured":"Maeda S, Ogura K, Yoshida H, Kanai F, Ikenoue T, Kato N, et al. Major virulence factors, VacA and CagA, are commonly positive in Helicobacter pylori isolates in Japan. Gut. 1998;42:338\u201343.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"169_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1430","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1081919","volume":"300","author":"MR Amieva","year":"2003","unstructured":"Amieva MR, Vogelmann R, Covacci A, Tompkins LS, Nelson WJ, Falkow S. Disruption of the epithelial apical-junctional complex by Helicobacter pylori CagA. Science. 2003;300:1430\u20134.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"169_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05765","volume":"447","author":"I Saadat","year":"2007","unstructured":"Saadat I, Higashi H, Obuse C, Umeda M, Murata Kamiya N, Saito Y, et al. Helicobacter pylori CagA targets PAR1\/MARK kinase to disrupt epithelial cell polarity. Nature. 2007;447:330\u20133.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"169_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2007.01.049","volume":"132","author":"V Necchi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Necchi V, Candusso ME, Tava F, Luinetti O, Ventura U, Fiocca R, et al. Intracellular, intercellular, and stromal invasion of gastric mucosa, preneoplastic lesions, and cancer by Helicobacter pylori. Gastroenterology. 2007;132:1009\u201323.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"169_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-8579(00)00188-6","volume":"15","author":"F Sisto","year":"2000","unstructured":"Sisto F, Brenciaglia MI, Scaltrito MM, Dubini F. Helicobacter pylori: ureA, cagA and vacA expression during conversion to the coccoid form. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2000;15:277\u201382.","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"169_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.44.4.326","volume":"44","author":"JE Crabtree","year":"1991","unstructured":"Crabtree JE, Shallcross TM, Heatley RV, Wyatt JI. Evaluation of a commercial ELISA for serodiagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection. J Clin Pathol. 1991;44:326\u20138.","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"169_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1668","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2002.05825.x","volume":"97","author":"S Kato","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kato S, Ozawa K, Konno M, Tajiri H, Yoshimura N, Shimizu T, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of the 13C-urea breath test for childhood Helicobacter pylori infection: a multicenter Japanese study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2002;97:1668\u201373.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"169_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5791","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.12.5791","volume":"90","author":"A Covacci","year":"1993","unstructured":"Covacci A, Censini S, Bugnoli M, Petracca R, Burroni D, Macchia G, et al. Molecular characterization of the 128-kDa immunodominant antigen of Helicobacter pylori associated with cytotoxicity and duodenal ulcer. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1993;90:5791\u20135.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"169_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-4453(97)91611-X","volume":"35","author":"D Jonkers","year":"1997","unstructured":"Jonkers D, Stobberingh E, de Bruine A, Arends JW, Stockbrugger R. Evaluation of immunohistochemistry for the detection of Helicobacter pylori in gastric mucosal biopsies. J Infect. 1997;35:149\u201354.","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"169_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2146","DOI":"10.1097\/MLG.0b013e31814543c8","volume":"117","author":"JH Jeong","year":"2007","unstructured":"Jeong JH, Lee DW, Ryu RA, Lee YS, Lee SH, Kang JO, et al. Bacteriologic comparison of tonsil core in recurrent tonsillitis and tonsillar hypertrophy. Laryngoscope. 2007;117:2146\u201351.","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"169_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1053\/jinf.2002.1047","volume":"46","author":"N Saito","year":"2003","unstructured":"Saito N, Konishi K, Sato F, Kato M, Takeda H, Sugiyama T, et al. Plural transformation-processes from spiral to coccoid Helicobacter pylori and its viability. J Infect. 2003;46:49\u201355.","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"169_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2331","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.64.6.2331-2335.1996","volume":"64","author":"M Benaissa","year":"1996","unstructured":"Benaissa M, Babin P, Quellard N, Pezennec L, Cenatiempo Y, Fauchere JL. Changes in Helicobacter pylori ultrastructure and antigens during conversion from the bacillary to the coccoid form. Infect Immun. 1996;64:2331\u20135.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"169_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268800057216","volume":"111","author":"G Bode","year":"1993","unstructured":"Bode G, Mauch F, Malfertheiner P. The coccoid forms of Helicobacter pylori. Criteria for their viability. Epidemiol Infect. 1993;111:483\u201390.","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"issue":"Suppl 11","key":"169_CR32","first-page":"32","volume":"34","author":"H Mizoguchi","year":"1999","unstructured":"Mizoguchi H, Fujioka T, Nasu M. Evidence for viability of coccoid forms of Helicobacter pylori. J Gastroenterol. 1999;34(Suppl 11):32\u20136.","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"169_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.05146-0","volume":"52","author":"F Sato","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sato F, Saito N, Konishi K, Shoji E, Kato M, Takeda H, et al. Ultrastructural observation of Helicobacter pylori in glucose-supplemented culture media. J Med Microbiol. 2003;52:675\u20139.","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"169_CR34","first-page":"445","volume":"23","author":"G Di Bonaventura","year":"2000","unstructured":"Di Bonaventura G, Catamo G, Neri M, Neri G, Piccolomini R. Absence of Helicobacter pylori in tonsillar swabs from dyspeptic patients. New Microbiol. 2000;23:445\u20138.","journal-title":"New Microbiol"},{"key":"169_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1053\/ajkd.2001.27690","volume":"38","author":"O Hotta","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hotta O, Miyazaki M, Furuta T, Tomioka S, Chiba S, Horigome I, et al. Tonsillectomy and steroid pulse therapy significantly impact on clinical remission in patients with IgA nephropathy. Am J Kidney Dis. 2001;38:736\u201343.","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"169_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1861","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2003.00935.x","volume":"63","author":"Y Xie","year":"2003","unstructured":"Xie Y, Nishi S, Ueno M, Imai N, Sakatsume M, Narita I, et al. The efficacy of tonsillectomy on long-term renal survival in patients with IgA nephropathy. Kidney Int. 2003;63:1861\u20137.","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"169_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1001\/archoto.2008.509","volume":"135","author":"AJ Mariotti","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mariotti AJ, Agrawal R, Hotaling AJ. The role of tonsillectomy in pediatric IgA nephropathy. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2009;135:85\u20137.","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"169_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)90875-3","volume":"343","author":"S Suzuki","year":"1994","unstructured":"Suzuki S, Nakatomi Y, Sato H, Tsukada H, Arakawa M. Haemophilus parainfluenzae antigen and antibody in renal biopsy samples and serum of patients with IgA nephropathy. Lancet. 1994;343:12\u20136.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"169_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2004.00714.x","volume":"66","author":"A Koyama","year":"2004","unstructured":"Koyama A, Sharmin S, Sakurai H, Shimizu Y, Hirayama K, Usui J, et al. Staphylococcus aureus cell envelope antigen is a new candidate for the induction of IgA nephropathy. Kidney Int. 2004;66:121\u201332.","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"169_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(88)91000-8","volume":"1","author":"MC Gregory","year":"1988","unstructured":"Gregory MC, Hammond ME, Brewer ED. Renal deposition of cytomegalovirus antigen in immunoglobulin-A nephropathy. Lancet. 1988;1:11\u20134.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"169_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(98)70134-9","volume":"32","author":"H Iwama","year":"1998","unstructured":"Iwama H, Horikoshi S, Shirato I, Tomino Y. Epstein-Barr virus detection in kidney biopsy specimens correlates with glomerular mesangial injury. Am J Kidney Dis. 1998;32:785\u201393.","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"169_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(99)70141-1","volume":"33","author":"J Barratt","year":"1999","unstructured":"Barratt J, Bailey EM, Buck KS, Mailley J, Moayyedi P, Feehally J, et al. Exaggerated systemic antibody response to mucosal Helicobacter pylori infection in IgA nephropathy. Am J Kidney Dis. 1999;33:1049\u201357.","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"169_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1007\/s004280050094","volume":"431","author":"R Nagashima","year":"1997","unstructured":"Nagashima R, Maeda K, Yuda F, Kudo K, Saitoh M, Takahashi T. Helicobacter pylori antigen in the glomeruli of patients with membranous nephropathy. Virchows Arch. 1997;431:235\u20139.","journal-title":"Virchows Arch"}],"container-title":["Journal of Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00535-009-0169-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00535-009-0169-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00535-009-0169-9","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,24]],"date-time":"2020-05-24T02:52:51Z","timestamp":1590288771000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00535-009-0169-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,8]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,4]]}},"alternative-id":["169"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00535-009-0169-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0944-1174","1435-5922"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0944-1174","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-5922","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,8]]}}}