{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T23:49:15Z","timestamp":1790293755751,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,7]],"date-time":"2010-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1283817600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Gastroenterol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-010-0316-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,6]],"date-time":"2010-09-06T07:54:36Z","timestamp":1283759676000},"page":"378-390","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":110,"title":["Clinicopathological features of severe and fulminant forms of autoimmune hepatitis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Shin","family":"Yasui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keiichi","family":"Fujiwara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yutaka","family":"Yonemitsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shigeto","family":"Oda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masayuki","family":"Nakano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Osamu","family":"Yokosuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"316_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02065434","volume":"40","author":"AJ Czaja","year":"1995","unstructured":"Czaja AJ. Autoimmune hepatitis: evolving concepts and treatment strategies. Dig Dis Sci. 1995;40:435\u201356.","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"316_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1824","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(93)91081-R","volume":"105","author":"AJ Czaja","year":"1993","unstructured":"Czaja AJ, Carpenter HA. Sensitivity, specificity and predictability of biopsy interpretations in chronic hepatitis. Gastroenterology. 1993;105:1824\u201332.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"316_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(83)90030-6","volume":"85","author":"AJ Czaja","year":"1983","unstructured":"Czaja AJ, Davis GL, Ludwig J, Baggenstoss AH, Taswell HF. Autoimmune features as determinants of prognosis in steroid-treated chronic active hepatitis of uncertain etiology. Gastroenterology. 1983;85:713\u20137.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"316_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1159\/000199332","volume":"34","author":"RM Crapper","year":"1986","unstructured":"Crapper RM, Bhathal PS, Mackay IR, Frazer IH. \u201cAcute\u201d autoimmune hepatitis. Digestion. 1986;34:216\u201325.","journal-title":"Digestion"},{"key":"316_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-198906000-00012","volume":"11","author":"JS Amontree","year":"1989","unstructured":"Amontree JS, Stuart TD, Bredfeldt JE. Autoimmune chronic active hepatitis masquerading as acute hepatitis. J Clin Gastroenterol. 1989;11:303\u20137.","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"316_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(94)80251-3","volume":"21","author":"GA Nikias","year":"1994","unstructured":"Nikias GA, Batts KP, Czaja AJ. The nature and prognostic implications of autoimmune hepatitis with an acute presentation. J Hepatol. 1994;21:866\u201371.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"316_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Porta G, Da Costa Gayotto LC, Alvarez F. Anti-liver-kidney microsome antibody-positive autoimmune hepatitis presenting as fulminant liver failure. J Ped Gastroenterol Nutr. 1990; 11:138\u201340.","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-199007000-00027"},{"key":"316_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(99)80297-9","volume":"31","author":"F Alvarez","year":"1999","unstructured":"Alvarez F, Berg PA, Bianchi FB, Bianchi L, Burroughs AK, Cancado EL, et al. International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group report: review of criteria for diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis. J Hepatol. 1999;31:929\u201338.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"316_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1872-034X.2008.00322.x","volume":"38","author":"K Fujiwara","year":"2008","unstructured":"Fujiwara K, Mochida S, Matsui A, Nakayama N, Nagoshi S, Toda G. Intractable Liver Diseases Study Group of Japan Fulminant hepatitis and late onset hepatic failure in Japan. Hepatol Res. 2008;38:646\u201357.","journal-title":"Hepatol Res"},{"key":"316_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S67","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.21612","volume":"14","author":"P Ichai","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ichai P, Samuel D. Etiology and prognosis of fulminant hepatitis in adults. Liver Transpl. 2008;14:S67\u201379.","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"316_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22177","volume":"47","author":"WM Lee","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lee WM, Squires RH Jr, Nyberg SL, Doo E, Hoofnagle JH. Acute liver failure: summary of a workshop. Hepatology. 2008;47:1401\u201315.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"316_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0676.1984.tb00954.x","volume":"4","author":"JH Lefkowitch","year":"1984","unstructured":"Lefkowitch JH, Apfelbaum TF, Weinberg L, Forester G. Acute liver biopsy lesions in early autoimmune (\u2018lupoid\u2019) chronic active hepatitis. Liver. 1984;4:379\u201386.","journal-title":"Liver"},{"key":"316_CR13","unstructured":"Ohta Y, Onji M. Clinical characteristics of autoimmune hepatitis in Japan. In: Nishioka M, Toda G, Zeniya M, editors. Autoimmune hepatitis. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 1993. p. 45\u201353."},{"key":"316_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-008-2254-x","volume":"43","author":"K Fujiwara","year":"2008","unstructured":"Fujiwara K, Fukuda Y, Yokosuka O. Precise histological evaluation of liver biopsy specimen is indispensable for diagnosis and treatment of acute onset autoimmune hepatitis. J Gastroenterol. 2008;43:951\u20138.","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"316_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840190629","volume":"19","author":"VJ Desmet","year":"1994","unstructured":"Desmet VJ, Gerber M, Hoofnagle JH, Manns M, Scheuer PJ. Classification of chronic hepatitis: diagnosis, grading and staging. Hepatology. 1994;19:1513\u201320.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"316_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510260319","volume":"26","author":"VAJ Maria","year":"1997","unstructured":"Maria VAJ, Victorino RMM. Development and validation of a clinical scale for the diagnosis of drug-induced hepatitis. Hepatology. 1997;26:664\u20139.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"316_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(98)80205-5","volume":"28","author":"S Kaymakoglu","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kaymakoglu S, Cakaloglu Y, Demir K, Turkoglu S, Badur S, Gurel S, et al. Is severe cryptogenic chronic hepatitis similar to autoimmune hepatitis? J Hepatol. 1998;28:78\u201383.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"316_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-927280","volume":"45","author":"A Potthoff","year":"2007","unstructured":"Potthoff A, Deterding K, Trautwein C, Flemming P, Strassburg CP, Manns MP, et al. Steroid treatment for severe acute cryptogenic hepatitis. Z Gastroenterol. 2007;45:15\u20139.","journal-title":"Z Gastroenterol"},{"key":"316_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2007.05.011","volume":"47","author":"W Bernal","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bernal W, Ma Y, Smith HM, Portmann B, Wendon J, Vergani D. The significance of autoantibodies and immunoglobulins in acute liver failure: a cohort study. J Hepatol. 2007;47:664\u201370.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"316_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hch072","volume":"97","author":"R Ferrari","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ferrari R, Pappas G, Agostinelli D, Muratori P, Muratori L, Lenzi M, et al. Type 1 autoimmune hepatitis: patterns of clinical presentation and differential diagnosis of the \u2018acute\u2019 type. QJM. 2004;97:407\u201312.","journal-title":"QJM"},{"key":"316_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199506000-00010","volume":"19","author":"LJ Burgart","year":"1995","unstructured":"Burgart LJ, Batts KP, Ludwig J, Nikias GA, Czaja AJ. Recent onset autoimmune hepatitis. Biopsy findings and clinical correlations. Am J Surg Pathol. 1995;19:699\u2013708.","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"316_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2006.10.011","volume":"5","author":"M Abe","year":"2007","unstructured":"Abe M, Onji M, Kawai-Ninomiya K, Michitaka K, Matsuura B, Hiasa Y, et al. Clinicopathologic features of the severe form of acute type 1 autoimmune hepatitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2007;5:255\u20138.","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"316_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.46.0170","volume":"46","author":"Y Tokumoto","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tokumoto Y, Onji M. Acute-onset autoimmune hepatitis. Intern Med. 2007;46:1\u20132.","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"key":"316_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2670","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2002.06052.x","volume":"97","author":"R Singh","year":"2002","unstructured":"Singh R, Nair S, Farr G, Mason A, Perrillo R. Acute autoimmune hepatitis presenting with centrizonal liver disease: case report and review of the literature. Am J Gastroenterol. 2002;97:2670\u20133.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"316_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.2005.029348","volume":"59","author":"H Hofer","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hofer H, Oesterreicher C, Wrba F, Ferenci P, Penner E. Centrilobular necrosis in autoimmune hepatitis: a histological feature associated with acute clinical presentation. J Clin Pathol. 2006;59:246\u20139.","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"316_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/S1542-3565(04)00246-0","volume":"2","author":"WR Kessler","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kessler WR, Cummings OW, Eckert G, Chalasani N, Lumeng L, Kwo PY. Fulminant hepatic failure as the initial presentation of acute autoimmune hepatitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2004;2:625\u201331.","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"316_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-200404000-00006","volume":"28","author":"J Misdraji","year":"2004","unstructured":"Misdraji J, Thiim M, Graeme-Cook FM. Autoimmune hepatitis with centrilobular necrosis. Am J Surg Pathol. 2004;28:471\u20138.","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"316_CR28","unstructured":"Okuda K, Mitchell DG, Itai Y, Ariyama J. Hepatobiliary diseases. London: Blackwell Science; 2001. p. 97\u2013100."},{"key":"316_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.198.1.8539386","volume":"198","author":"T Murakami","year":"1996","unstructured":"Murakami T, Baron RL, Peterson MS. Liver necrosis and regeneration after fulminant hepatitis: pathologic correlation with CT and MR findings. Radiology. 1996;198:239\u201342.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"316_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Muto Y. Imaging diagnosis of fulminant hepatitis. Liver failure. Tokyo: Nihon Iji Shimposha; 1994. p. 164.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-4-431-68255-4_51"},{"key":"316_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(89)90081-4","volume":"97","author":"JG O\u2019Grady","year":"1989","unstructured":"O\u2019Grady JG, Alexander GJ, Hayllar KM, Williams R. Early indicators of prognosis in fulminant hepatic failure. Gastroenterology. 1989;97:439\u201345.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"316_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2006.02894.x","volume":"23","author":"Y Miyake","year":"2006","unstructured":"Miyake Y, Iwasaki Y, Terada R, Onishi T, Okamoto R, Sakai N, et al. Clinical characteristics of fulminant-type autoimmune hepatitis: an analysis of eleven cases. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2006;23:1347\u201353.","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"316_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(88)90503-3","volume":"95","author":"AJ Czaja","year":"1988","unstructured":"Czaja AJ, Rakela J, Ludwig J. Features reflective of early prognosis in corticosteroid-treated severe autoimmune chronic active hepatitis. Gastroenterology. 1988;95:448\u201353.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"316_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.21088","volume":"13","author":"AJ Czaja","year":"2007","unstructured":"Czaja AJ. Corticosteroids or not in severe acute or fulminant autoimmune hepatitis: therapeutic brinksmanship and the point beyond salvation. Liver Transpl. 2007;13:953\u20135.","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"}],"container-title":["Journal of Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00535-010-0316-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00535-010-0316-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00535-010-0316-3","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,3]],"date-time":"2019-06-03T22:10:46Z","timestamp":1559599846000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00535-010-0316-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,7]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]}},"alternative-id":["316"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00535-010-0316-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0944-1174","1435-5922"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0944-1174","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-5922","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,7]]}}}