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There has been solid evidence supporting the relationship between serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA level and risk of HCC. Antiviral treatment with oral nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs) leads to sustained viral suppression and hence is often adopted as the secondary prevention for HCC in CHB patients. The first-generation NA, lamivudine, reduced the risk of HCC at 3\u00a0years compared to placebo; yet, its high emergence of antiviral resistance has made it no longer recommended in the international guidelines. Recent heated debate is about the two current first-line NAs\u2014entecavir and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)\u2014Are they just as good to reduce HCC risk in CHB patients? A handful of cohort studies show two different kinds of observations\u2014TDF is better than entecavir in lowering HCC risk, or these two NAs have led to similarly low risk of HCC. Tenofovir alafenamide (TAF), a modified version of TDF higher rate of ALT normalization, would be another potent nucleotide analogue is the treatment of choice for secondary prevention for HCC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-020-01726-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,24]],"date-time":"2020-09-24T16:02:37Z","timestamp":1600963357000},"page":"1023-1036","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Secondary prevention for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis B: are all the nucleos(t)ide analogues the same?"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Terry Cheuk-Fung","family":"Yip","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jimmy Che-To","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2863-9389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grace Lai-Hung","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"1726_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-018-1467-x","volume":"53","author":"T Tada","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tada T, Kumada T, Toyoda H, et al. 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