{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,12]],"date-time":"2026-04-12T22:58:03Z","timestamp":1776034683999,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]],"date-time":"2023-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702598400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]],"date-time":"2023-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702598400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["JP23ek0410091"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP23ek0410091"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22K08054"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22K08054"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the Japan Sciences Research Grant for Research on Intractable Diseases (Japanese Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Group) affiliated with the Japan Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare","award":["20FC1027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20FC1027"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Gastroenterol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-023-02059-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]],"date-time":"2023-12-15T03:02:16Z","timestamp":1702609336000},"page":"109-118","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Thiopurines exert harmful effects on spermatogenesis in Nudt15R138C knock-in mice"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Yoshihiro","family":"Yokota","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takayuki","family":"Imai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masahiro","family":"Kawahara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Osamu","family":"Inatomi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Nishida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoichi","family":"Kakuta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Masamune","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8533-2669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akira","family":"Andoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2059_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0000000000000197","volume":"21","author":"J Amin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Amin J, Huang B, Yoon J, et al. Update 2014: advances to optimize 6-mercaptopurine and azathioprine to reduce toxicity and improve efficacy in the management of IBD. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2015;21:445\u201352.","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"2059_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0000000000000347","volume":"21","author":"MN Lee","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lee MN, Kang B, Choi SY, et al. Relationship between azathioprine dosage, 6-thioguanine nucleotide levels, and therapeutic response in pediatric patients with IBD treated with azathioprine. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2015;21:1054\u201362.","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"2059_CR3","first-page":"CD000478","volume":"9","author":"A Timmer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Timmer A, McDonald JW, Tsoulis DJ, et al. Azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;9:CD000478.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2059_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chande N, Patton PH, Tsoulis DJ, et al. Azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;10:CD000067.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000067.pub3"},{"key":"2059_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjz180","volume":"14","author":"J Torres","year":"2020","unstructured":"Torres J, Bonovas S, Doherty G, et al. ECCO guidelines on therapeutics in Crohn\u2019s disease: medical treatment. J Crohns Colitis. 2020;14:4\u201322.","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"2059_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izx025","volume":"24","author":"S van Gennep","year":"2017","unstructured":"van Gennep S, de Boer NK, D\u2019Haens GR, et al. Thiopurine treatment in ulcerative colitis: a critical review of the evidence for current clinical practice. inflamm Bowel Dis. 2017;24:67\u201377.","journal-title":"inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"2059_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.926","volume":"13","author":"RB Gearry","year":"2004","unstructured":"Gearry RB, Barclay ML, Burt MJ, et al. Thiopurine drug adverse effects in a population of New Zealand patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2004;13:563\u20137.","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf"},{"key":"2059_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2007.03412.x","volume":"26","author":"JM Van Dieren","year":"2007","unstructured":"Van Dieren JM, Hansen BE, Kuipers EJ, et al. Meta-analysis: inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase polymorphisms and thiopurine toxicity in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2007;26:643\u201352.","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"2059_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1404","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0b013e318281f28f","volume":"19","author":"M Chaparro","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chaparro M, Ordas I, Cabre E, et al. Safety of thiopurine therapy in inflammatory bowel disease: long-term follow-up study of 3931 patients. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2013;19:1404\u201310.","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"2059_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2395","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-019-05720-5","volume":"64","author":"JY Chang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chang JY, Cheon JH. Thiopurine therapy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a focus on metabolism and pharmacogenetics. Dig Dis Sci. 2019;64:2395\u2013403.","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"2059_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3060","volume":"46","author":"SK Yang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yang SK, Hong M, Baek J, et al. A common missense variant in NUDT15 confers susceptibility to thiopurine-induced leukopenia. Nat Genet. 2014;46:1017\u201320.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2059_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3508","volume":"48","author":"T Moriyama","year":"2016","unstructured":"Moriyama T, Nishii R, Perez-Andreu V, et al. NUDT15 polymorphisms alter thiopurine metabolism and hematopoietic toxicity. Nat Genet. 2016;48:367\u201373.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2059_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.1304","volume":"105","author":"MV Relling","year":"2019","unstructured":"Relling MV, Schwab M, Whirl-Carrillo M, et al. Clinical pharmacogenetics implementation consortium guideline for thiopurine dosing based on TPMT and NUDT15 genotypes: 2018 update. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2019;105:1095\u2013105.","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"2059_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-018-1486-7","volume":"53","author":"Y Kakuta","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kakuta Y, Kawai Y, Okamoto D, et al. NUDT15 codon 139 is the best pharmacogenetic marker for predicting thiopurine-induced severe adverse events in Japanese patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a multicenter study. J Gastroenterol. 2018;53:1065\u201378.","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2059_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2014.59.4671","volume":"33","author":"JJ Yang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yang JJ, Landier W, Yang W, et al. Inherited NUDT15 variant is a genetic determinant of mercaptopurine intolerance in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Clin Oncol. 2015;33:1235\u201342.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"2010\u20138","key":"2059_CR16","volume":"18","author":"JY Chang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chang JY, Park SJ, Jung ES, et al. Genotype-based treatment with thiopurine reduces incidence of myelosuppression in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020;18(2010\u20138): e2.","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2059_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-015-1142-4","volume":"51","author":"A Asada","year":"2016","unstructured":"Asada A, Nishida A, Shioya M, et al. NUDT15 R139C-related thiopurine leukocytopenia is mediated by 6-thioguanine nucleotide-independent mechanism in Japanese patients with inflammatory bowel disease. J Gastroenterol. 2016;51:22\u20139.","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2059_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1038\/tpj.2015.43","volume":"16","author":"Y Kakuta","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kakuta Y, Naito T, Onodera M, et al. NUDT15 R139C causes thiopurine-induced early severe hair loss and leukopenia in Japanese patients with IBD. Pharmacogenomics J. 2016;16:280\u20135.","journal-title":"Pharmacogenomics J"},{"key":"2059_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1136\/flgastro-2016-100738","volume":"9","author":"B Warner","year":"2018","unstructured":"Warner B, Johnston E, Arenas-Hernandez M, et al. A practical guide to thiopurine prescribing and monitoring in IBD. Frontline Gastroenterol. 2018;9:10\u20135.","journal-title":"Frontline Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2059_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-021-01784-1","volume":"56","author":"H Nakase","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nakase H, Uchino M, Shinzaki S, et al. Evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for inflammatory bowel disease 2020. J Gastroenterol. 2021;56:489\u2013526.","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2059_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2021.03.006","volume":"12","author":"T Imai","year":"2021","unstructured":"Imai T, Kawahara M, Tatsumi G, et al. Thiopurine use during pregnancy has deleterious effects on offspring in Nudt 15(R138C) knock-in mice. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021;12:335\u20137.","journal-title":"Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2059_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-019-0583-9","volume":"34","author":"G Tatsumi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tatsumi G, Kawahara M, Imai T, et al. Thiopurine-mediated impairment of hematopoietic stem and leukemia cells in Nudt 15(R138C) knock-in mice. Leukemia. 2020;34:882\u201394.","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"2059_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.20733","volume":"27","author":"L Yang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Yang L, Boyd K, Kaste SC, et al. A mouse model for glucocorticoid-induced osteonecrosis: effect of a steroid holiday. J Orthop Res. 2009;27:169\u201375.","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"key":"2059_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1269\/jrr.09005","volume":"50","author":"SC Shin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Shin SC, Kang YM, Jin YW, et al. Relative morphological abnormalities of sperm in the caudal epididymis of high- and low-dose-rate gamma-irradiated ICR mice. J Radiat Res. 2009;50:261\u20136.","journal-title":"J Radiat Res"},{"key":"2059_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27409","DOI":"10.1038\/srep27409","volume":"6","author":"N Takeda","year":"2016","unstructured":"Takeda N, Yoshinaga K, Furushima K, et al. Viable offspring obtained from Prm1-deficient sperm in mice. Sci Rep. 2016;6:27409. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep27409.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2059_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1002\/wdev.204","volume":"5","author":"S Yoshida","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yoshida S. From cyst to tubule: innovations in vertebrate spermatogenesis. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Dev Biol. 2016;5:119\u201331.","journal-title":"Wiley Interdiscip Rev Dev Biol"},{"key":"2059_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-0952-7_4","volume":"377","author":"GF Weinbauer","year":"1995","unstructured":"Weinbauer GF, Nieschlag E. Gonadotrophin control of testicular germ cell development. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1995;377:55\u201365.","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"2059_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0053257","volume":"7","author":"S Migrenne","year":"2012","unstructured":"Migrenne S, Moreau E, Pakarinen P, et al. Mouse testis development and function are differently regulated by follicle-stimulating hormone receptors signaling during fetal and prepubertal life. PLoS ONE. 2012;7: e53257. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0053257.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2059_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-019-1390-y","volume":"10","author":"H Patel","year":"2019","unstructured":"Patel H, Bhartiya D. Direct action of FSH on testicular stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2019;10:261.","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"key":"2059_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2015.150","volume":"12","author":"GG Kaplan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kaplan GG. The global burden of IBD: from 2015 to 2025. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015;12:720\u20137.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2059_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.30183","volume":"139","author":"TR van den Heuvel","year":"2016","unstructured":"van den Heuvel TR, Wintjens DS, Jeuring SF, et al. Inflammatory bowel disease, cancer and medication: cancer risk in the Dutch population-based IBDSL cohort. Int J Cancer. 2016;139:1270\u201380.","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"2059_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.104.028894","volume":"71","author":"JM Oatley","year":"2004","unstructured":"Oatley JM, Reeves JJ, McLean DJ. Biological activity of cryopreserved bovine spermatogonial stem cells during in vitro culture. Biol Reprod. 2004;71:942\u20137.","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2059_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1002\/em.22075","volume":"58","author":"K Habas","year":"2017","unstructured":"Habas K, Brinkworth MH, Anderson D. In vitro responses to known in vivo genotoxic agents in mouse germ cells. Environ Mol Mutagen. 2017;58:99\u2013107.","journal-title":"Environ Mol Mutagen"},{"key":"2059_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10620","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0401947101","volume":"101","author":"N Kotaja","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kotaja N, De Cesare D, Macho B, et al. Abnormal sperm in mice with targeted deletion of the act (activator of cAMP-responsive element modulator in testis) gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004;101:10620\u20135.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2059_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmx034","volume":"24","author":"M Simsek","year":"2018","unstructured":"Simsek M, Lambalk CB, Wilschut JA, et al. The associations of thiopurines with male fertility and paternally exposed offspring: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Reprod Update. 2018;24:192\u2013206.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"2059_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1080\/00365520510011597","volume":"40","author":"M Ligumsky","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ligumsky M, Badaan S, Lewis H, et al. Effects of 6-mercaptopurine treatment on sperm production and reproductive performance: a study in male mice. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2005;40:444\u20139.","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2059_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01296399","volume":"36","author":"PI Karl","year":"1991","unstructured":"Karl PI, Katz R, Daum F, et al. 6-Mercaptopurine and spermatogenesis in the young rat. Dig Dis Sci. 1991;36:1569\u201373.","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"2059_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1586\/17474124.2013.841541","volume":"7","author":"NK de Boer","year":"2013","unstructured":"de Boer NK, de Meij T, van Bodegraven AA. Thiopurines during pregnancy in inflammatory bowel disease: is there a risk for the (unborn) child? Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2013;7:669\u201371.","journal-title":"Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2059_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2010.222893","volume":"60","author":"J Coelho","year":"2011","unstructured":"Coelho J, Beaugerie L, Colombel JF, et al. Pregnancy outcome in patients with inflammatory bowel disease treated with thiopurines: cohort from the CESAME Study. Gut. 2011;60:198\u2013203.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2059_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-021-01805-z","volume":"56","author":"A Andoh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Andoh A, Kawahara M, Imai T, et al. Thiopurine pharmacogenomics and pregnancy in inflammatory bowel disease. J Gastroenterol. 2021;56:881\u201390.","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2059_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.22948","volume":"19","author":"M Akbari","year":"2013","unstructured":"Akbari M, Shah S, Velayos FS, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis on the effects of thiopurines on birth outcomes from female and male patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2013;19:15\u201322.","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"2059_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.07.008","volume":"21","author":"J Gubatan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gubatan J, Barber GE, Nielsen OH, et al. Paternal medications in inflammatory bowel disease and male fertility and reproductive outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2023;21:2222\u201338.","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2059_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2017.08.013","volume":"73","author":"S Friedman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Friedman S, Larsen MD, Magnussen B, et al. Paternal use of azathioprine\/6-mercaptopurine or methotrexate within 3 months before conception and long-term health outcomes in the offspring-A nationwide cohort study. Reprod Toxicol. 2017;73:196\u2013200.","journal-title":"Reprod Toxicol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00535-023-02059-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00535-023-02059-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00535-023-02059-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,25]],"date-time":"2024-01-25T17:17:52Z","timestamp":1706203072000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00535-023-02059-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]}},"alternative-id":["2059"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00535-023-02059-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0944-1174","1435-5922"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0944-1174","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-5922","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 September 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 November 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 December 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"AA receiving lecture fee from Takeda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., AbbVie GK, and Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. YK received patent royalties from Medical & Biological Laboratories Co., Ltd, and lecture fee from Takeda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., AbbVie\u3000GK, and Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K. All other authors declare that they have no conflict of interest in this study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}