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The aim of this study was to evaluate gut microbiota composition and functionality in patients with morbid obesity with different degrees of MAFLD, as assessed by biopsy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Subjects\/methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>110 patients with morbid obesity were evaluated by biopsy obtained during bariatric surgery for MAFLD. Stool samples were collected prior to surgery for microbiota analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Gut microbiota from patients with steatosis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) were characterized by an enrichment in\n                      <jats:italic>Enterobacteriaceae<\/jats:italic>\n                      (an ethanol-producing bacteria),\n                      <jats:italic>Acidaminococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Megasphaera<\/jats:italic>\n                      and the depletion of\n                      <jats:italic>Eggerthellaceae<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Ruminococcaceae<\/jats:italic>\n                      (SCFA-producing bacteria). MAFLD was also associated with enrichment of pathways related to proteinogenic amino acid degradation, succinate production, menaquinol-7 (K2-vitamin) biosynthesis, and saccharolytic and proteolytic fermentation. Basic histological hepatic alterations (steatosis, necroinflammatory activity, or fibrosis) were associated with specific changes in microbiota patterns. Overall, the core microbiome related to basic histological alterations in MAFLD showed an increase in\n                      <jats:italic>Enterobacteriaceae<\/jats:italic>\n                      and a decrease in\n                      <jats:italic>Ruminococcaceae<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Specifically,\n                      <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      was associated with steatosis and necroinflammatory activity, whilst\n                      <jats:italic>Escherichia-shigella<\/jats:italic>\n                      was associated with fibrosis and necroinflammatory activity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We established a link between gut microbiota alterations and histological injury in liver diagnosis using biopsy. Harmful products such as ethanol or succinate may be involved in the pathogenesis and progression of MAFLD. Thus, these alterations in gut microbiota patterns and their possible metabolic pathways could add information to the classical predictors of MAFLD severity and suggest novel metabolic targets.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-023-02075-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,24]],"date-time":"2024-01-24T10:07:01Z","timestamp":1706090821000},"page":"329-341","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with morbid obesity: the gut microbiota axis as a potential pathophysiology mechanism"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8664-8697","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabel","family":"Cornejo-Pareja","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed Reda","family":"Amiar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Oca\u00f1a-Wilhelmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roc\u00edo","family":"Soler-Humanes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Arranz-Salas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lourdes","family":"Garrido-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Guti\u00e9rrez-Repiso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco Jose","family":"Tinahones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2075_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.09.038","volume":"140","author":"CD Williams","year":"2011","unstructured":"Williams CD, Stengel J, Asike MI, et al. 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