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This study assessed the purpose of the genotyping test and subsequent prescriptions following the obtained results. Outcomes were compared between the Genotyping group (thiopurine with genotyping test) and Non-genotyping group (thiopurine without genotyping test). Risk factors for adverse events (AEs) were analyzed by genotype and prior genotyping status.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Genotyping test for medical purposes showed no significant difference in thiopurine induction rates between Arg\/Arg and Arg\/Cys genotypes, but nine Arg\/Cys patients opted out of thiopurine treatment. In the Genotyping group, Arg\/Arg patients received higher initial doses than the Non-genotyping group, while Arg\/Cys patients received lower ones (median 25\u00a0mg\/day). Fewer AEs occurred in the Genotyping group because of their lower incidence in Arg\/Cys cases. Starting with\u2009&lt;\u200925\u00a0mg\/day of AZA reduced AEs in Arg\/Cys patients, while Arg\/Arg patients had better retention rates when maintaining\u2009\u2265\u200975\u00a0mg AZA. Nausea and liver injury correlated with thiopurine formulation but not dosage. pH-dependent mesalamine reduced leukopenia risk in mesalamine users.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>NUDT15 codon 139 genotyping effectively reduces thiopurine-induced AEs and improves treatment retention rates in IBD patients after genotype-based dose adjustments. This study provides data-driven treatment strategies based on genotype and identifies risk factors for specific AEs, contributing to a refined thiopurine treatment approach.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-024-02099-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,8]],"date-time":"2024-04-08T16:01:51Z","timestamp":1712592111000},"page":"468-482","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Real-world NUDT15 genotyping and thiopurine treatment optimization in inflammatory bowel disease: a multicenter 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Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021;12:335\u20137.","journal-title":"Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00535-024-02099-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00535-024-02099-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00535-024-02099-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,26]],"date-time":"2024-05-26T08:02:19Z","timestamp":1716710539000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00535-024-02099-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,8]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]}},"alternative-id":["2099"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00535-024-02099-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0944-1174","1435-5922"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0944-1174","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-5922","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 January 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 March 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 April 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Yoichi Kakuta received patent royalties from Medical & Biological Laboratories Co., Ltd., research grants from AbbVie GK., Daiichi Sankyo Co. Ltd., Kyowa Kirin Co. Ltd., Takeda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Medical & Biological Laboratories Co., Ltd., and Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K, lecture fees from AbbVie GK., and Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K. Toshimitsu Fujii received research grants from AbbVie, Alfresa, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Celgene, EA Pharma, Eisai, Gilead, Janssen, Kissei, Lilly, Mebix, Sanofi, and Takeda, and speaking honoraria from AbbVie, Mitsubishi Tanabe, and Takeda.\u3000Hiroshi Nakase received honoraria from Abbvie Inc., Takeda Pharmaceutical CO., Ltd., Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation., Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K, Gilead Sciences Inc., Pfizer Inc., EA Pharma CO., Ltd., KYORIN Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Mochida Pharmaceutical CO., Ltd., VIATRIS Inc, JIMRO Co., Ltd., Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., grants for commissioned\/joint research from Mitubishi Tanabe Pharmaceutical CO., Ltd., Abbvie Inc., EA Pharma CO., Ltd., KYORIN Pharmaceutical CO., Ltd., Mochida Pharmaceutical CO., Ltd., Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd., Hoya group Pentax Medical; endowed chair from Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., JIMRO Co., Ltd., KYORIN Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., and Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Sakiko Hiraoka received lecture fee from Takeda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K, KYORIN Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., AbbVie GK., EA Pharma CO., Ltd., and Mitubishi Tanabe Pharmaceutical CO., Ltd. Ueno Nobuhiro received grants from Pfizer Inc. Katsuyoshi Matsuoka received lecture fees from Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K., Abbvie Inc., EA Pharma Co., Ltd., Pfizer Inc., Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kyorin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., ZERIA Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kissei Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd., JIMRO Co., Ltd., Gilead Sciences, and Eli Lilly Japan K.K., and research grants from Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, Abbvie Inc., EA Pharma Co., Ltd., Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., ZERIA Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kissei Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd., and JIMRO Co., Ltd. Tomohiro Fukuda received a research grant from Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma. Tomohisa Takagi received lecture fees from Yanssen Pharmaceutical K.K., Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Co., Towa Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd., Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., and research\/scholarship grants from Fujifilm Medical Co., Ltd., PreMedica Inc., and Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma. Makoto Naganuma received grants from Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, AbbVie GK, Kyorin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., and lecture fees from Tanabe Pharma Corporation, AbbVie GK, Kyorin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Kissei Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., JIMRO Co., Ltd., Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K., Pfizer Japan Inc., EA Pharma Co., Ltd., Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., and Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Corporation, AbbVie GK outside the submitted work. Hiroki Tanaka received lecture fees from JIMRO Co., Ltd., AbbVie GK, EA Pharma Co., Ltd., Kyorin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kissei Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Eisai Co., Ltd., Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K., Nikkiso Co., Ltd., Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd., and Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., and received research grants from AbbVie GK, Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K., EA Pharma Co., Ltd., Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., and AstraZeneca K.K. Takashi Ishige received lecture fee from Abbvie GK. Tadakazu Hisamatsu received research grants from EA pharma Co. Ltd., AbbVie GK, Pfizer Inc., Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Kyorin Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., JIMRO Co. Ltd., Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Daiichi-Sankyo, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Zeria Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., and Nippon Kayaku Co. Ltd.; consulting fee from EA pharma Co. Ltd., AbbVie GK, Pfizer Inc., Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Nichi-lko Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Gilead Sciences, Inc., Eli Lilly and Co., and Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K.; and honoraria for lectures from EA pharma Co. Ltd., AbbVie GK, Pfizer Inc., Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Kyorin Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., JIMRO Co. Ltd., Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Daiichi-Sankyo, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Zeria Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Nippon Kayaku Co. Ltd., and Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K. All other authors have no conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}