{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T21:07:07Z","timestamp":1793653627277,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762905600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762905600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004169","name":"Meiji Seika Pharma","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004169","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Gastroenterol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The long-term local control and effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) using talaporfin sodium and a diode laser (talaporfin PDT) on overall survival (OS) for local failure after chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for esophageal cancer are unknown. Here, we present a 5-year survival analysis for talaporfin PDT.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a prospective follow-up analysis of an open-label, multicenter, phase 2 study of local failure after CRT or radiotherapy in patients who received talaporfin PDT. The primary endpoint was the overall OS. The secondary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS), local progression-free survival (L-PFS) with local progression or recurrence and death as events, and local time to progression (L-TTP) with only local progression or recurrence as events.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Between November 2012 and December 2013, 26 patients with oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma underwent talaporfin PDT. The baseline T stages were cT1 in 14 patients, cT2 in 6 patients, and cT3 in 6 patients. Pre-PDT T stages were cT1b for 19 and cT2 for 7 patients, and no lymph nodes or distant metastases were detected. At a median 6.8-year follow-up, the median OS and 5-year OS rates were 4.2\u00a0years (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.6\u20137.3) and 40.6% (95% CI: 21.7\u201358.7), respectively. The median PFS and L-PFS were 1.1 and 2.1\u00a0years, respectively. The 5-year local progression-free rate was 84.9%. No treatment-related deaths occurred.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Talaporfin PDT for patients with oesophageal cancer with local failure after CRT can achieve long-term local complete response and long-term survival as a minimally invasive salvage treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>UMIN000009184.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-025-02316-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T02:33:30Z","timestamp":1762914810000},"page":"131-138","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Long-term outcome of PDT for local failure after CRT or RT for oesophageal cancer"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4188-9059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takahiro","family":"Horimatsu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomonori","family":"Yano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshinobu","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiromi","family":"Kataoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yohei","family":"Yabuuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryu","family":"Ishihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroi","family":"Kasai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryuji","family":"Uozumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harue","family":"Tada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3127-8203","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manabu","family":"Muto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2316_CR1","unstructured":"(https:\/\/gco.iarc.who.int\/media\/globocan\/factsheets\/cancers\/6-oesophagus-fact-sheet.pdf)."},{"key":"2316_CR2","unstructured":"(https:\/\/www.cancer.org\/cancer\/esophagus-cancer\/detection-diagnosis-staging\/survival-rates.html)."},{"key":"2316_CR3","unstructured":"(https:\/\/www.nccn.org\/professionals\/physician_gls\/pdf\/esophageal.pdf)."},{"key":"2316_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(03)00585-6","volume":"57","author":"S Hironaka","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hironaka S, Ohtsu A, Boku N, et al. Nonrandomized comparison between definitive chemoradiotherapy and radical surgery in patients with T(2\u20133)N(any) M(0) squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2003;57:425\u201333.","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"2316_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2018.11.002","volume":"45","author":"Z Faiz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Faiz Z, Dijksterhuis WPM, Burgerhof JGM, et al. A meta-analysis on salvage surgery as a potentially curative procedure in patients with isolated local recurrent or persistent esophageal cancer after chemoradiotherapy. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2019;45:931\u201340.","journal-title":"Eur J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"2316_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1067\/mtc.2002.119070","volume":"123","author":"SG Swisher","year":"2002","unstructured":"Swisher SG, Wynn P, Putnam JB, et al. Salvage esophagectomy for recurrent tumors after definitive chemotherapy and radiotherapy. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2002;123:175\u201383.","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"2316_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2008.05.016","volume":"137","author":"Y Tachimori","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tachimori Y, Kanamori N, Uemura N, Hokamura N, Igaki H, Kato H. Salvage esophagectomy after high-dose chemoradiotherapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2009;137:49\u201354.","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"2316_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2004.06.003","volume":"188","author":"T Nakamura","year":"2004","unstructured":"Nakamura T, Hayashi K, Ota M, et al. Salvage esophagectomy after definitive chemotherapy and radiotherapy for advanced esophageal cancer. Am J Surg. 2004;188:261\u20136.","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"2316_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2008.02.014","volume":"35","author":"YK Chao","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chao YK, Chan SC, Chang HK, et al. Salvage surgery after failed chemoradiotherapy in squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2009;35:289\u201394.","journal-title":"Eur J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"2316_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.21353","volume":"100","author":"H Miyata","year":"2009","unstructured":"Miyata H, Yamasaki M, Takiguchi S, et al. Salvage esophagectomy after definitive chemoradiotherapy for thoracic esophageal cancer. J Surg Oncol. 2009;100:442\u20136.","journal-title":"J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"2316_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2022.07.007","volume":"114","author":"H Takeuchi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Takeuchi H, Ito Y, Machida R, et al. A single-arm confirmatory study of definitive chemoradiation therapy including salvage treatment for clinical stage II\/III esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (JCOG0909 study). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2022;114:454\u201362.","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"2316_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdh231","volume":"15","author":"K Muro","year":"2004","unstructured":"Muro K, Hamaguchi T, Ohtsu A, et al. A phase II study of single-agent docetaxel in patients withmetastatic esophageal cancer. Ann Oncol. 2004;15:955\u20139.","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"2316_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/s10388-018-0642-8","volume":"16","author":"Y Kitagawa","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kitagawa Y, Uno T, Oyama T, et al. Esophageal cancer practice guidelines 2017 edited by the Japan Esophageal Society: part 2. Esophagus. 2019;16:25\u201343.","journal-title":"Esophagus"},{"issue":"1","key":"2316_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10388-022-00950-5","volume":"20","author":"M Watanabe","year":"2023","unstructured":"Watanabe M, Toh Y, Ishihara R, et al. Comprehensive registry of esophageal cancer in Japan, 2015. Esophagus. 2023;20(1):1\u201328.","journal-title":"Esophagus"},{"issue":"23","key":"2316_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-023-11568-w","volume":"1","author":"K Sugawara","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sugawara K, Oka D, Hara H, et al. Survival outcomes of esophageal cancer patients with recurrence after curative treatments. BMC Cancer. 2023;1(23):1051.","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"2316_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1996.14.1.164","volume":"14","author":"T Conroy","year":"1996","unstructured":"Conroy T, Etienne PL, Adenis A, et al. Phase II trial of vinorelbine in metastatic squamous cell esophageal carcinoma. European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Gastrointestinal Treat Cancer Cooperative Group. J Clin Oncol. 1996;14:164\u201370 (European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Gastrointestinal Treat Cancer Cooperative Group).","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2316_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6601168","volume":"89","author":"F Lordick","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lordick F, von Schilling C, Bernhard H, Hennig M, Bredenkamp R, Peschel C. Phase II trial of irinotecan plus docetaxel incisplatin-pretreated relapsed or refractory oesophageal cancer. Br J Cancer. 2003;89:630\u20133.","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"2316_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1007\/s10637-008-9126-3","volume":"26","author":"BB Park","year":"2008","unstructured":"Park BB, Im YH, Hwang IG, et al. Salvage chemotherapy with Mitomycin C, ifosfamide, and cisplatin (MIC) for previously treated metastatic or recurrent esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Invest New Drugs. 2008;26:387\u201392.","journal-title":"Invest New Drugs"},{"key":"2316_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1506","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(19)30626-6","volume":"20","author":"K Kato","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kato K, Cho BC, Takahashi M, et al. Nivolumab versus chemotherapy in patients with advanced oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma refractory or intolerant to previous chemotherapy (ATTRACTION-3): a multicentre, randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2019;20:1506\u201317.","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"2316_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22135","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.14029","volume":"8","author":"T Yano","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yano T, Kasai H, Horimatsu T, et al. A multicenter phase II study of salvage photodynamic therapy using talaporfin sodium (ME2906) and a diode laser (PNL6405EPG) for local failure after chemoradiotherapy or radiotherapy for esophageal cancer. Oncotarget. 2017;8:22135\u201344.","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"2316_CR21","unstructured":"Common terminology criteria for adverse events (CTCAE) v. 4.0 Published May 28, 2009. URL (http:\/\/cancer.gov\/protocolDevelopment\/electronic_applications\/ctc.htm#ctc_40)."},{"key":"2316_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4780050306","volume":"5","author":"EL Korn","year":"1986","unstructured":"Korn EL. Censoring distributions as a measure of follow-up in survival analysis. Stat Med. 1986;5:255\u201360.","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"2316_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1111\/den.13730","volume":"33","author":"Y Amanuma","year":"2021","unstructured":"Amanuma Y, Horimatsu T, Ohashi S, Tamaoki M, Muto M. Association of local complete response with prognosis after salvage photodynamic therapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Dig Endosc. 2021;33:355\u201363.","journal-title":"Dig Endosc"},{"key":"2316_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-019-06846-3","volume":"34","author":"T Minamide","year":"2020","unstructured":"Minamide T, Yoda Y, Hori K, et al. Advantages of salvage photodynamic therapy using talaporfin sodium for local failure after chemoradiotherapy or radiotherapy for esophageal cancer. Surg Endosc. 2020;34:899\u2013906.","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"2316_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1007\/s10388-021-00853-x","volume":"18","author":"M Tamaoki","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tamaoki M, Yokoyama A, Horimatsu T, et al. Repeated talaporfin sodium photodynamic therapy for esophageal cancer: safety and efficacy. Esophagus. 2021;18:817\u201324.","journal-title":"Esophagus"},{"key":"2316_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1111\/den.14072","volume":"34","author":"H Yamashita","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yamashita H, Kadota T, Minamide T, et al. Efficacy and safety of second photodynamic therapy for local failure after salvage photodynamic therapy for esophageal cancer. Dig Endosc. 2022;34:488\u201396.","journal-title":"Dig Endosc"},{"key":"2316_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3400","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2014.56.7156","volume":"32","author":"K Sudo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sudo K, Xiao L, Wadhwa R, et al. Importance of surveillance and success of salvage strategies after definitive chemoradiation in patients with esophageal cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2014;32:3400\u20135.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2316_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/s43556-022-00086-z","volume":"3","author":"Y Hao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hao Y, Chung CK, Gu Z, et al. Combinatorial therapeutic approaches of photodynamic therapy and immune checkpoint blockade for colon cancer treatment. Mol Biomed. 2022;3(1):26.","journal-title":"Mol Biomed"}],"container-title":["Journal of Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00535-025-02316-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00535-025-02316-x","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00535-025-02316-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T08:16:14Z","timestamp":1777104974000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00535-025-02316-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["2316"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00535-025-02316-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0944-1174","1435-5922"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0944-1174","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-5922","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 April 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 October 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 November 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Conflict of interest is as follows: Takahiro Horimatsu, Tomonori Yano, Yoshinobu Yamamoto, Hiromi Kataoka, Yohei Yabuuchi, Ryu Ishihara, Hiroi Kasai, Ryuji Uozumi, PhD and Harue Tada declare that they have no conflict of interest. Muto M received research grant from Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interests"}}]}}