{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T21:52:10Z","timestamp":1790113930142,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,3]],"date-time":"2026-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767398400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,3]],"date-time":"2026-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767398400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Gastroenterol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Very-early-onset inflammatory bowel disease (VEO-IBD), representing cases diagnosed before age 6\u00a0years, is increasing in prevalence. Although VEO-IBD often presents as severe, treatment-resistant disease requiring biologic agents, studies showing the effectiveness of biologics, such as ustekinumab (UST) and vedolizumab (VDZ), remain limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We retrospectively analyzed patients with VEO-IBD treated for at least a year from 13 institutions in Japan, evaluating clinical course including effectiveness of biologics, such as infliximab (IFX), adalimumab (ADL), UST, and VDZ. Patients with monogenic IBD were excluded. Steroid-free clinical remission (SFCR) and treatment persistence were assessed separately for first-line and for second-line or subsequent biologic therapies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We studied 101 VEO-IBD patients (56% male; median age, 3.6\u00a0years), including 40 with Crohn\u2019s disease, 52 with ulcerative colitis, and 9 with unclassified IBD. Biologics were used in 67 patients, most commonly infliximab (IFX;\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200952), followed by UST (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200938), adalimumab (ADL;\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200923), and VDZ (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200921). As first-line therapy, IFX and ADL achieved 1-year SFCR rates of 19% and 46%, with persistence rates of 36% and 48%. Despite being used mainly as second-line or subsequent therapies, UST and VDZ showed 1-year SFCR rates of about 45% and 36%, and maintained persistence of 79% and 46%, respectively, with UST demonstrating higher persistence than TNF-\u03b1 inhibitors (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01). No discontinuations due to infusion reactions or other adverse events occurred with UST or VDZ.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>UST and VDZ were effective and well tolerated even when used as second-line or subsequent therapies for VEO-IBD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-025-02334-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,3]],"date-time":"2026-01-03T09:36:31Z","timestamp":1767432991000},"page":"398-409","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Real-world outcomes of ustekinumab, vedolizumab, and tumor necrosis factor inhibitors in very-early-onset inflammatory bowel disease: a multi-center cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7206-7111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryusuke","family":"Nambu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Itaru","family":"Iwama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ichiro","family":"Takeuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shin-ichiro","family":"Hagiwara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuri","family":"Etani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emiri","family":"Kaji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Yoden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fumihiko","family":"Kakuta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yusuke","family":"Hoshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoya","family":"Tsumura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatsuki","family":"Mizuochi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hideki","family":"Kumagai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koji","family":"Yokoyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takuya","family":"Nishizawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masaaki","family":"Usami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yugo","family":"Takaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryo","family":"Ebana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shingo","family":"Kurasawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroki","family":"Fujikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Ishige","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takahiro","family":"Kudo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Masashi","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hirotaka","family":"Shimizu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katsuhiro","family":"Arai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2334_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.12.282","volume":"162","author":"ME Kuenzig","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kuenzig ME, Fung SG, Marderfeld L, Mak JWY, Kaplan GG, Ng SC, et al. Twenty-first century trends in the global epidemiology of pediatric-onset inflammatory bowel disease: systematic review. Gastroenterology. 2022;162:1147-1159.e4.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2334_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1784","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izaa341","volume":"27","author":"MY Stulman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Stulman MY, Asayag N, Focht G, Brufman I, Cahan A, Ledderman N, et al. Epidemiology of inflammatory bowel diseases in Israel: a nationwide Epi-Israeli IBD research nucleus study. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2021;27:1784\u201394.","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"2334_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2208","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.02.023","volume":"158","author":"E Crowley","year":"2020","unstructured":"Crowley E, Warner N, Pan J, Khalouei S, Elkadri A, Fiedler K, et al. Prevalence and clinical features of inflammatory bowel diseases associated with monogenic variants, identified by whole-exome sequencing in 1000 children at a single center. Gastroenterology. 2020;158:2208\u201320.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2334_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2023-064546","volume":"154","author":"A Guz-Mark","year":"2024","unstructured":"Guz-Mark A, Aloi M, Scarallo L, Bramuzzo M, Escher JC, Alvisi P, et al. Infantile and very early onset inflammatory bowel disease: a multicenter study. Pediatrics. 2024;154:e2023064546.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2334_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000003730","volume":"76","author":"U Cucinotta","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cucinotta U, Arrigo S, Dipasquale V, Gramaglia SMC, Lagan\u00e0 F, Romano C, et al. Clinical course of very early-onset inflammatory bowel disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2023;76:590\u20135.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"2334_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1487253","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2025.1487253","volume":"13","author":"WS Lee","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lee WS, Chew KS, Huang JG, Tanpowpong P, Mercado KSC, Reodica A, et al. Disease phenotypic and outcome of very-early onset inflammatory bowel disease in Asian children: an understudied population. Front Pediatr. 2025;13:1487253.","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"key":"2334_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izaa239","volume":"27","author":"JA Kurowski","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kurowski JA, Milinovich A, Ji X, Bauman J, Sugano D, Kattan MW, et al. Differences in biologic utilization and surgery rates in pediatric and adult Crohn\u2019s disease: results from a large electronic medical record-derived cohort. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2021;27:1035\u201344.","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"2334_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000003734","volume":"76","author":"JL Kaplan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kaplan JL, Liu C, King EC, Bass JA, Patel AS, Tung J, et al. Use, durability, and risks for discontinuation of initial and subsequent biologics in a large pediatric-onset IBD cohort. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2023;76:566\u201375.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"2334_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jgh3.70175","volume":"9","author":"M Urushiyama","year":"2025","unstructured":"Urushiyama M, Tarasawa K, Moroi R, Iwaki H, Hoshi Y, Nagai H, et al. Evolving trends in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease management in Japan: a decade of nationwide data. JGH Open. 2025;9:e70175.","journal-title":"JGH Open"},{"key":"2334_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izad196","volume":"30","author":"LV Collen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Collen LV, Mitsialis V, Kim DY, Bresnahan M, Yang J, Tuthill M, et al. Efficacy and safety of anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha in very early onset inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2024;30:1443\u201353.","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"2334_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izae302","author":"Y Weintraub","year":"2025","unstructured":"Weintraub Y, Collen LV, Hussey S, Mitrova K, Machta JS, Kang B, et al. Effectiveness and safety of adalimumab in patients with very early-onset inflammatory bowel disease: a retrospective study on behalf of the Porto Inflammatory Bowel Disease Working Group of European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ibd\/izae302.","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"2334_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.03.021","volume":"20","author":"R Nambu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nambu R, Warner N, Mulder DJ, Kotlarz D, McGovern DPB, Cho J, et al. A systematic review of monogenic inflammatory bowel disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2022;20:e653\u201363.","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2334_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000000239","volume":"58","author":"A Levine","year":"2014","unstructured":"Levine A, Koletzko S, Turner D, Escher JC, Cucchiara S, de Ridder L, et al. ESPGHAN revised porto criteria for the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease in children and adolescents. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2014;58:795\u2013806.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"2334_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.21493","volume":"17","author":"A Levine","year":"2011","unstructured":"Levine A, Griffiths A, Markowitz J, Wilson DC, Turner D, Russell RK, et al. Pediatric modification of the Montreal classification for inflammatory bowel disease: the Paris classification. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2011;17:1314\u201321.","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"2334_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.21649","volume":"18","author":"D Turner","year":"2012","unstructured":"Turner D, Griffiths AM, Walters TD, Seah T, Markowitz J, Pfefferkorn M, et al. Mathematical weighting of the pediatric Crohn\u2019s disease activity index (PCDAI) and comparison with its other short versions. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2012;18:55\u201362.","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"2334_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2007.05.029","volume":"133","author":"D Turner","year":"2007","unstructured":"Turner D, Otley AR, Mack D, Hyams J, de Bruijne J, Uusoue K, et al. Development, validation, and evaluation of a pediatric ulcerative colitis activity index: a prospective multicenter study. Gastroenterology. 2007;133:423\u201332.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2334_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izaa080","volume":"27","author":"B Kerur","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kerur B, Benchimol EI, Fiedler K, Stahl M, Hyams J, Stephens M, et al. Natural history of very early onset inflammatory bowel disease in North America: a retrospective cohort study. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2021;27:295\u2013302.","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"2334_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.5217\/ir.2019.00130","volume":"18","author":"K Arai","year":"2020","unstructured":"Arai K, Kunisaki R, Kakuta F, Hagiwara SI, Murakoshi T, Yanagi T, et al. Phenotypic characteristics of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease in Japan: results from a multicenter registry. Intest Res. 2020;18:412\u201320.","journal-title":"Intest Res"},{"key":"2334_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.5009\/gnl14338","volume":"9","author":"HA Lee","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lee HA, Suk JY, Choi SY, Kim ER, Kim YH, Lee CK, et al. Characteristics of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease in Korea: comparison with EUROKIDS data. Gut Liver. 2015;9:756\u201360.","journal-title":"Gut Liver"},{"key":"2334_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjad038","volume":"17","author":"T Yamamoto","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yamamoto T, Nakase H, Watanabe K, Shinzaki S, Takatsu N, Fujii T, et al. Diagnosis and clinical features of perianal lesions in newly diagnosed Crohn\u2019s disease: subgroup analysis from inception Cohort Registry Study of Patients with Crohn\u2019s Disease (iCREST-CD). J Crohns Colitis. 2023;17:1193\u2013206.","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"2334_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2639","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.10.026","volume":"21","author":"O Atia","year":"2023","unstructured":"Atia O, Benchimol EI, Ledderman N, Greenfeld S, Kariv R, Weisband YL, et al. Incidence, management, and outcomes of very early onset inflammatory bowel diseases and infantile-onset disease: an Epi-IIRN study. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2023;21:2639-2648.e6.","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2334_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5217\/ir.2024.00118","author":"K Matsuoka","year":"2025","unstructured":"Matsuoka K, Nakajo K, Kawamura S, Zhang Y, Chung H, Wahking B, et al. Persistence of advanced therapies in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: retrospective cohort study using a large healthcare claims database in Japan. Intest Res. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5217\/ir.2024.00118.","journal-title":"Intest Res"},{"key":"2334_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-024-03577-1","volume":"24","author":"HY Chiu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chiu HY, Kuo CJ, Lai MW, Wu RC, Chen CM, Chiu CT, et al. Superior persistence of ustekinumab compared to anti-TNF in vedolizumab-experienced inflammatory bowel diseases patients: a real-world cohort study. BMC Gastroenterol. 2024;24:483.","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2334_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1312","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.18006","volume":"59","author":"TH Yiu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yiu TH, Ko Y, Pudipeddi A, Natale P, Leong RW. Meta-analysis: persistence of advanced therapies in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2024;59:1312\u201334.","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"2334_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2006.12.003","volume":"132","author":"J Hyams","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hyams J, Crandall W, Kugathasan S, Griffiths A, Olson A, Johanns J, et al. Induction and maintenance infliximab therapy for the treatment of moderate-to-severe Crohn\u2019s disease in children. Gastroenterology. 2007;132:863\u201373.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2334_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1177\/2050640619847592","volume":"7","author":"M Bramuzzo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bramuzzo M, Arrigo S, Romano C, Filardi MC, Lionetti P, Agrusti A, et al. Efficacy and safety of infliximab in very early onset inflammatory bowel disease: a national comparative retrospective study. United Eur Gastroenterol J. 2019;7:759\u201366.","journal-title":"United Eur Gastroenterol J"},{"key":"2334_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000002567","volume":"70","author":"JR Kelsen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kelsen JR, Sullivan KE, Rabizadeh S, Singh N, Snapper S, Elkadri A, et al. North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition position paper on the evaluation and management for patients with very early-onset inflammatory bowel disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2020;70:389\u2013403.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"2334_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1935","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-020-03750-0","volume":"179","author":"MME Jongsma","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jongsma MME, Winter DA, Huynh HQ, Norsa L, Hussey S, Kolho KL, et al. Infliximab in young paediatric IBD patients: it is all about the dosing. Eur J Pediatr. 2020;179:1935\u201344.","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"2334_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2021.668978","volume":"9","author":"JCC deBruyn","year":"2021","unstructured":"deBruyn JCC, Jacobson K, El-Matary W, Wine E, Carroll MW, Goedhart C, et al. Early serum infliximab levels in pediatric ulcerative colitis. Front Pediatr. 2021;9:668978.","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"key":"2334_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(21)00142-4","volume":"6","author":"NM Croft","year":"2021","unstructured":"Croft NM, Faubion WA Jr, Kugathasan S, Kierkus J, Ruemmele FM, Shimizu T, et al. Efficacy and safety of adalimumab in paediatric patients with moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis (ENVISION I): a randomised, controlled, phase 3 study. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021;6:616\u201327.","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2334_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1931","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjab089","volume":"15","author":"JR Rosh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rosh JR, Turner D, Griffiths A, Cohen SA, Jacobstein D, Adedokun OJ, et al. Ustekinumab in paediatric patients with moderately to severely active Crohn\u2019s disease: pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy results from UniStar, a phase 1 study. J Crohns Colitis. 2021;15:1931\u201342.","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"2334_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1002\/jpn3.12252","volume":"79","author":"D Turner","year":"2024","unstructured":"Turner D, Rosh JR, Cohen SA, Griffiths AM, Hyams JS, Kierku\u015b J, et al. Ustekinumab in paediatric patients with moderately to severely active Crohn\u2019s disease: UniStar study long-term extension results. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2024;79:315\u201324.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"2334_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(22)00307-7","volume":"8","author":"O Atia","year":"2023","unstructured":"Atia O, Shavit-Brunschwig Z, Mould DR, Stein R, Matar M, Aloi M, et al. Outcomes, dosing, and predictors of vedolizumab treatment in children with inflammatory bowel disease (VEDOKIDS): a prospective, multicentre cohort study. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2023;8:31\u201342.","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2334_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2018.06.026","volume":"17","author":"L Peyrin-Biroulet","year":"2019","unstructured":"Peyrin-Biroulet L, Danese S, Argollo M, Pouillon L, Peppas S, Gonzalez-Lorenzo M, et al. Loss of response to vedolizumab and ability of dose intensification to restore response in patients with Crohn\u2019s disease or ulcerative colitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019;17:838-846.e2.","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2334_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9103142","volume":"9","author":"BP Vaughn","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vaughn BP, Yarur AJ, Graziano E, Campbell JP, Bhattacharya A, Lee JY, et al. Vedolizumab serum trough concentrations and response to dose escalation in inflammatory bowel disease. J Clin Med. 2020;9:3142.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"2334_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2121","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0000000000000865","volume":"22","author":"N Singh","year":"2016","unstructured":"Singh N, Rabizadeh S, Jossen J, Pittman N, Check M, Hashemi G, et al. Multi-center experience of vedolizumab effectiveness in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2016;22:2121\u20136.","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"2334_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1002\/jpn3.12384","volume":"80","author":"S R\u00e9bus","year":"2025","unstructured":"R\u00e9bus S, Coopman S, Djeddi D, Vanrenterghem A, Dupont C, Lacotte E, et al. Efficacy of vedolizumab and ustekinumab in pediatric-onset inflammatory bowel disease: a real-world multicenter study. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2025;80:113\u201323.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"2334_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1007\/s40272-024-00631-z","volume":"26","author":"S Cohen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cohen S, Rolandsdotter H, Kolho KL, Turner D, Tzivinikos C, Bramuzzo M, et al. Effectiveness and safety of ustekinumab in pediatric ulcerative colitis: a multi-center retrospective study from the Pediatric IBD Porto Group of ESPGHAN. Paediatr Drugs. 2024;26:609\u201317.","journal-title":"Paediatr Drugs"},{"key":"2334_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2023.11.004","volume":"3","author":"L Stallard","year":"2023","unstructured":"Stallard L, Frost K, Frost N, Scarallo L, Benchimol EI, Walters TD, et al. Body surface area-based dosing of infliximab is superior to standard weight-based dosing in children with very early onset inflammatory bowel disease. Gastro Hep Adv. 2023;3:215\u201320.","journal-title":"Gastro Hep Adv"}],"container-title":["Journal of Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00535-025-02334-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00535-025-02334-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00535-025-02334-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T16:43:17Z","timestamp":1781887397000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00535-025-02334-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,3]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["2334"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00535-025-02334-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0944-1174","1435-5922"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0944-1174","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-5922","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 September 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 December 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 January 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"R. Nambu received speaker\u2019s fees from AbbVie GK., Takeda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. and Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corp. I. Iwama received speaker\u2019s fees from AbbVie GK. and Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corp., Takeda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co., and Medtronic Co. I. Takeuchi received speaker's fees from AbbVie GK, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., and EA Pharma Co., Ltd. SI. Hagiwara received speaker\u2019s fees from AbbVie GK., Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corp., Takeda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. and Alfresa Pharma Co., Ltd. Y. Etani received speaker\u2019s fees from AbbVie GK. and EA Pharma Co., Ltd. T. Mizuochi received lecture fees from AbbVie GK, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., EA Pharma Co., Ltd., Eisai Co., Ltd., Kyorin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Nobelpharma Co., Ltd., Sekisui Medical Co., Ltd. and Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd., and consulting fees from AbbVie GK and Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. H. Kumagai received lecture fees from AbbVie GK, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Toa Shinyaku Co., Ltd., ASKA Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, and JCR Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd. M. Usami received speaker\u2019s fees from AbbVie GK., and Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Y. Takaki received speaker\u2019s fees from AbbVie GK, Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K., Kyorin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., and Takeda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. T. Ishige received speaker\u2019s fees from Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corp., EA Pharma Co., Abbvie GK, Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K., Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd., Alfresa Pharma Co., Ltd., Takeda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., JIMRO Co., Ltd., Eisai Co., Ltd., Sandoz K.K. and Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. T. Kudo received speaker\u2019s fees from AbbVie GK, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., EA Pharma Co., Ltd., Kyorin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Sandoz K.K., Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K., and Mochida pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. H. Shimizu received speaker\u2019s fees from AbbVie GK., Takeda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., EA Pharma Co., Ltd., Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., and Covidien Japan Inc.\u00a0K. Arai received research grant and\/or speaker\u2019s fee from AbbVie GK, Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K., Takeda Phartaceutical CO., Ltd., EA Pharma Co., Ltd., Eli Lilly Japan K.K., Pfizer Inc., Zeria Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corp., Kissei Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.\u200b, Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kyorin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Mochida pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., and Bristol Myers Squibb Company. All other authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This study was conducted in accord with the Declaration of Helsinki (2013 revision) and was approved by the central ethics committee of Saitama Children's Medical Center (approval number: 2024\u201304-016) and by the institutional review boards of all participating centers. Informed consent was obtained using an opt-out approach via institutional websites.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}