{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T00:21:50Z","timestamp":1758846110944,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]],"date-time":"2025-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748822400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]],"date-time":"2025-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748822400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Anesth"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00540-025-03519-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]],"date-time":"2025-06-02T14:53:55Z","timestamp":1748876035000},"page":"779-792","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association between anesthetics and autism spectrum disorder: from bench to bedside"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Ruochen","family":"Pan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Bi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Siqi","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhang","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4115-3137","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aijun","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10146","key":"3519_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(18)31129-2","volume":"392","author":"C Lord","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lord C, Elsabbagh M, Baird G, Veenstra-Vanderweele J. Autism spectrum disorder. Lancet. 2018;392(10146):508\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(18)31129-2.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"3519_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.23661","volume":"329","author":"T Hirota","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hirota T, King BH. Autism spectrum disorder: a review. JAMA. 2023;329(2):157\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2022.23661.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"2","key":"3519_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.21644","volume":"3","author":"N Takahashi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Takahashi N, Harada T, Nishimura T, Okumura A, Choi D, Iwabuchi T, Kuwabara H, Takagai S, Nomura Y, Takei N, Tsuchiya KJ. Association of genetic risks with autism spectrum disorder and early neurodevelopmental delays among children without intellectual disability. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(2): e1921644. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.21644.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"3519_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2014.11.008","volume":"20","author":"N Burnashev","year":"2015","unstructured":"Burnashev N, Szepetowski P. NMDA receptor subunit mutations in neurodevelopmental disorders. Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2015;20:73\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.coph.2014.11.008.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pharmacol"},{"key":"3519_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2020.104928","volume":"159","author":"L Rueda-Ruzafa","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rueda-Ruzafa L, Cruz F, Cardona D, Hone AJ, Molina-Torres G, S\u00e1nchez-Labraca N, Roman P. Opioid system influences gut\u2013brain axis: dysbiosis and related alterations. Pharmacol Res. 2020;159: 104928. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phrs.2020.104928.","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"3519_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-022-01081-0","volume":"7","author":"CC Jiang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jiang CC, Lin LS, Long S, Ke XY, Fukunaga K, Lu YM, Han F. Signalling pathways in autism spectrum disorder: mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2022;7(1):229. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41392-022-01081-0.","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"issue":"5","key":"3519_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.2696","volume":"15","author":"J Zeidan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zeidan J, Fombonne E, Scorah J, Ibrahim A, Durkin MS, Saxena S, Yusuf A, Shih A, Elsabbagh M. Global prevalence of autism: a systematic review update. Autism Res. 2022;15(5):778\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/aur.2696.","journal-title":"Autism Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"3519_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2363","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.17364","volume":"113","author":"L Zupin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zupin L, Sahyoun C, Krauss B, Dagri A, Rocco EM, Barbi E, Celsi F. Effectiveness of pharmacological procedural sedation in children with autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Paediatr. 2024;113(11):2363\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/apa.17364.","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"3519_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2022.110560","volume":"117","author":"M Bove","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bove M, Schiavone S, Tucci P, Sikora V, Dimonte S, Colia AL, Morgese MG, Trabace L. Ketamine administration in early postnatal life as a tool for mimicking autism spectrum disorders core symptoms. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2022;117: 110560. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2022.110560.","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"3519_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioab097","volume":"105","author":"HV Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang HV, Forestier S, Corces VG. Exposure to sevoflurane results in changes of transcription factor occupancy in sperm and inheritance of autism\u2020. Biol Reprod. 2021;105(3):705\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/biolre\/ioab097.","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"issue":"2","key":"3519_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2018.04.034","volume":"121","author":"LS Ju","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ju LS, Yang JJ, Morey TE, Gravenstein N, Seubert CN, Resnick JL, Zhang JQ, Martynyuk AE. Role of epigenetic mechanisms in transmitting the effects of neonatal sevoflurane exposure to the next generation of male, but not female, rats. Br J Anaesth. 2018;121(2):406\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bja.2018.04.034.","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"6","key":"3519_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2024.100359","volume":"4","author":"LS Ju","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ju LS, Morey T, Gravenstein N, Setlow B, Seubert CN, Martynyuk AE. Effects of cohabitation on neurodevelopmental outcomes in rats discordant for neonatal exposure to sevoflurane. Biol Psychiatry Glob Open Sci. 2024;4(6): 100359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2024.100359.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry Glob Open Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"3519_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-024-02243-1","volume":"74","author":"F Wei","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wei F, Chen T, Huang Y, Yang Y, Cheng X, Yang L. Multiple exposures to sevoflurane general anesthesia during pregnancy inhibit CaMKII\/CREB axis by downregulating HCN2 to induce an autism-like phenotype in offspring mice. J Mol Neurosci. 2024;74(3):69. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12031-024-02243-1.","journal-title":"J Mol Neurosci"},{"issue":"10","key":"3519_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.12694","volume":"25","author":"W Chung","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chung W, Park S, Hong J, Park S, Lee S, Heo J, Kim D, Ko Y. Sevoflurane exposure during the neonatal period induces long-term memory impairment but not autism-like behaviors. Paediatr Anaesth. 2015;25(10):1033\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pan.12694.","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"issue":"3","key":"3519_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e3181974fa2","volume":"110","author":"M Satomoto","year":"2009","unstructured":"Satomoto M, Satoh Y, Terui K, Miyao H, Takishima K, Ito M, Imaki J. Neonatal exposure to sevoflurane induces abnormal social behaviors and deficits in fear conditioning in mice. Anesthesiology. 2009;110(3):628\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ALN.0b013e3181974fa2.","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"5","key":"3519_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aev339","volume":"115","author":"MQ Zhang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhang MQ, Ji MH, Zhao QS, Jia M, Qiu LL, Yang JJ, Peng YG, Yang JJ, Martynyuk AE. Neurobehavioural abnormalities induced by repeated exposure of neonatal rats to sevoflurane can be aggravated by social isolation and enrichment deprivation initiated after exposure to the anaesthetic. Br J Anaesth. 2015;115(5):752\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bja\/aev339.","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"3519_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.002","volume":"60","author":"C Li","year":"2017","unstructured":"Li C, Schaefer M, Gray C, Yang Y, Furmanski O, Liu S, Worley P, Mintz CD, Tao F, Johns RA. Sensitivity to isoflurane anesthesia increases in autism spectrum disorder Shank3(+\/\u2206c) mutant mouse model. Neurotoxicol Teratol. 2017;60:69\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.002.","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol Teratol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3519_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2013.03.016","volume":"78","author":"YH Jiang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jiang YH, Ehlers MD. Modeling autism by SHANK gene mutations in mice. Neuron. 2013;78(1):8\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuron.2013.03.016.","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"3","key":"3519_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2019.01.001","volume":"43","author":"J Lyden","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lyden J, Binswanger IA. The United States opioid epidemic. Semin Perinatol. 2019;43(3):123\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.semperi.2019.01.001.","journal-title":"Semin Perinatol"},{"key":"3519_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1202099","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2023.1202099","volume":"17","author":"AD Dunn","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dunn AD, Robinson SA, Nwokafor C, Estill M, Ferrante J, Shen L, Lemchi CO, Creus-Muncunill J, Ramirez A, Mengaziol J, Brynildsen JK, Leggas M, Horn J, Ehrlich ME, Blendy JA. Molecular and long-term behavioral consequences of neonatal opioid exposure and withdrawal in mice. Front Behav Neurosci. 2023;17:1202099. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnbeh.2023.1202099.","journal-title":"Front Behav Neurosci"},{"issue":"4","key":"3519_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2022.04.027","volume":"129","author":"Z Sheng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sheng Z, Liu Q, Cheng C, Li M, Barash J, Kofke WA, Shen Y, Xie Z. Fentanyl induces autism-like behaviours in mice by hypermethylation of the glutamate receptor gene Grin2b. Br J Anaesth. 2022;129(4):544\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bja.2022.04.027.","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"3519_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdevneu.2019.07.009","volume":"78","author":"MF Fjelldal","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fjelldal MF, Hadera MG, Kongstorp M, Austdal LPE, \u0160ulovi\u0107 A, Andersen JM, Paulsen RE. Opioid receptor-mediated changes in the NMDA receptor in developing rat and chicken. Int J Dev Neurosci. 2019;78:19\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijdevneu.2019.07.009.","journal-title":"Int J Dev Neurosci"},{"key":"3519_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2017.03.021","volume":"118","author":"Y Cai","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cai Y, Wang L, Xiao R, Li X, He X, Gao J, Xu H, Fan X. Autism-like behavior in the BTBR mouse model of autism is improved by propofol. Neuropharmacology. 2017;118:175\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2017.03.021.","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"3519_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.03.014","volume":"269","author":"B Bais","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bais B, Molenaar NM, Bijma HH, Hoogendijk WJG, Mulder CL, Luik AI, Lambregtse-van den Berg MP, Kamperman AM. Prevalence of benzodiazepines and benzodiazepine-related drugs exposure before, during and after pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord. 2020;269:18\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2020.03.014.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"6","key":"3519_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.01.016","volume":"81","author":"S Han","year":"2014","unstructured":"Han S, Tai C, Jones CJ, Scheuer T, Catterall WA. Enhancement of inhibitory neurotransmission by GABAA receptors having \u03b12,3-subunits ameliorates behavioral deficits in a mouse model of autism. Neuron. 2014;81(6):1282\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.01.016.","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"7416","key":"3519_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11356","volume":"489","author":"S Han","year":"2012","unstructured":"Han S, Tai C, Westenbroek RE, Yu FH, Cheah CS, Potter GB, Rubenstein JL, Scheuer T, de la Iglesia HO, Catterall WA. Autistic-like behaviour in Scn1a+\/\u2212 mice and rescue by enhanced GABA-mediated neurotransmission. Nature. 2012;489(7416):385\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature11356.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"11","key":"3519_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4299","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-024-02980-0","volume":"41","author":"AD Kaye","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kaye AD, Green AM, Claude JT 2nd, Daniel CP, Cooley JF, Sala KR, Potharaju P, Rieger R, Patil S, Ahmadzadeh S, Shekoohi S. Efficacy and safety of alpha-2 agonists in autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review. Adv Ther. 2024;41(11):4299\u2013311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12325-024-02980-0.","journal-title":"Adv Ther"},{"key":"3519_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2024.03.040","volume":"119","author":"ZK Liang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liang ZK, Xiong W, Wang C, Chen L, Zou X, Mai JW, Dong B, Guo C, Xin WJ, Luo DX, Xu T, Feng X. Resolving neuroinflammatory and social deficits in ASD model mice: dexmedetomidine downregulates NF-\u03baB\/IL-6 pathway via \u03b12AR. Brain Behav Immun. 2024;119:84\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbi.2024.03.040.","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"issue":"40","key":"3519_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13860","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.2159-12.2012","volume":"32","author":"M Kron","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kron M, Howell CJ, Adams IT, Ransbottom M, Christian D, Ogier M, Katz DM. Brain activity mapping in Mecp2 mutant mice reveals functional deficits in forebrain circuits, including key nodes in the default mode network, that are reversed with ketamine treatment. J Neurosci. 2012;32(40):13860\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/jneurosci.2159-12.2012.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"5","key":"3519_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.5483\/BMBRep.2022.55.5.038","volume":"55","author":"M Choi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Choi M, Ko SY, Seo JY, Kim DG, Lee H, Chung H, Son H. Autistic-like social deficits in hippocampal MeCP2 knockdown rat models are rescued by ketamine. BMB Rep. 2022;55(5):238\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5483\/BMBRep.2022.55.5.038.","journal-title":"BMB Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"3519_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159x22666231003121513","volume":"22","author":"D Zarate-Lopez","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zarate-Lopez D, Torres-Ch\u00e1vez AL, G\u00e1lvez-Contreras AY, Gonzalez-Perez O. Three decades of valproate: a current model for studying autism spectrum disorder. Curr Neuropharmacol. 2024;22(2):260\u201389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1570159x22666231003121513.","journal-title":"Curr Neuropharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3519_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-019-02161-6","volume":"17","author":"AP Dobrovolsky","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dobrovolsky AP, Gedzun VR, Bogin VI, Ma D, Ichim TE, Sukhanova IA, Malyshev AV, Dubynin VA. Beneficial effects of xenon inhalation on behavioral changes in a valproic acid-induced model of autism in rats. J Transl Med. 2019;17(1):400. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12967-019-02161-6.","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"3519_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.182060","author":"S Ohnami","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ohnami S, Naito M, Kawase H, Higuchi M, Hasebe S, Takasu K, Kanemaru R, Azuma Y, Yokoyama R, Kochi T, Imado E, Tahara T, Kotake Y, Asano S, Oishi N, Takuma K, Hashimoto H, Ogawa K, Nakamura A, Yamakawa H, Ago Y. Brain region-specific neural activation by low-dose opioid promotes social behavior. JCI Insight. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/jci.insight.182060.","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"issue":"11","key":"3519_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.43282","volume":"5","author":"VC Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen VC, Wu SI, Lin CF, Lu ML, Chen YL, Stewart R. Association of prenatal exposure to benzodiazepines with development of autism spectrum and attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorders. JAMA Netw Open. 2022;5(11): e2243282. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.43282.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"3519_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1159\/000529141","volume":"92","author":"AYL Chan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chan AYL, Gao L, Howard LM, Simonoff E, Coghill D, Ip P, Lau WCY, Taxis K, Wong ICK, Man KKC. Maternal benzodiazepines and z-drugs use during pregnancy and adverse birth and neurodevelopmental outcomes in offspring: a population-based cohort study. Psychother Psychosom. 2023;92(2):113\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000529141.","journal-title":"Psychother Psychosom"},{"key":"3519_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.23f14863","author":"C Andrade","year":"2023","unstructured":"Andrade C. Gestational exposure to benzodiazepines and z-hypnotics and the risk of autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder in offspring. J Clin Psychiatry. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4088\/JCP.23f14863.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"3519_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-018-3721-8","volume":"49","author":"E Rubenstein","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rubenstein E, Young JC, Croen LA, DiGuiseppi C, Dowling NF, Lee LC, Schieve L, Wiggins LD, Daniels J. Brief report: maternal opioid prescription from preconception through pregnancy and the odds of autism spectrum disorder and autism features in children. J Autism Dev Disord. 2019;49(1):376\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-018-3721-8.","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord"},{"issue":"4","key":"3519_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.01.003","volume":"130","author":"L Vutskits","year":"2023","unstructured":"Vutskits L. Opioids and autism spectrum disorder: liaisons dangereuses? Br J Anaesth. 2023;130(4):393\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bja.2023.01.003.","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"5","key":"3519_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.14273","volume":"5","author":"MSQ Murphy","year":"2022","unstructured":"Murphy MSQ, Ducharme R, Hawken S, Corsi DJ, Petrcich W, El-Cha\u00e2r D, Bisnaire L, McIsaac DI, Fell DB, Wen SW, Walker MC. Exposure to intrapartum epidural analgesia and risk of autism spectrum disorder in offspring. JAMA Netw Open. 2022;5(5): e2214273. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.14273.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"12","key":"3519_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.40458","volume":"4","author":"L Straub","year":"2021","unstructured":"Straub L, Huybrechts KF, Mogun H, Bateman BT. Association of neuraxial labor analgesia for vaginal childbirth with risk of autism spectrum disorder. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(12): e2140458. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.40458.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"7","key":"3519_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.24630","volume":"6","author":"C Qiu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Qiu C, Carter SA, Lin JC, Shi JM, Chow T, Desai VN, Nguyen VT, Spitzer J, Feldman RK, Xiang AH. Association of labor epidural analgesia, oxytocin exposure, and risk of autism spectrum disorders in children. JAMA Netw Open. 2023;6(7): e2324630. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.24630.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"12","key":"3519_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.15369","volume":"326","author":"CA Wong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wong CA, Stevens H. Labor epidural analgesia and autism spectrum disorder: is there an association? JAMA. 2021;326(12):1155\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2021.15369.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"3519_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2021.12.017","volume":"128","author":"AJ Butwick","year":"2022","unstructured":"Butwick AJ, Abrams DA, Wong CA. Epidural labour analgesia and autism spectrum disorder: is the current evidence sufficient to dismiss an association? Br J Anaesth. 2022;128(3):393\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bja.2021.12.017.","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"5","key":"3519_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.14279","volume":"5","author":"A Lupattelli","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lupattelli A, Nordeng H. does intrapartum epidural analgesia increase the risk of autism spectrum disorder in offspring? Most likely not. JAMA Netw Open. 2022;5(5): e2214279. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.14279.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"3519_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1097\/ana.0000000000000879","volume":"35","author":"P Houck","year":"2023","unstructured":"Houck P, Naus C, Croen L, Sun LS. Perinatal anesthesia exposure and autism spectrum disorders. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol. 2023;35(1):127\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ana.0000000000000879.","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Anesthesiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3519_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-014-2247-y","volume":"45","author":"LN Chien","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chien LN, Lin HC, Shao YH, Chiou ST, Chiou HY. Risk of autism associated with general anesthesia during cesarean delivery: a population-based birth-cohort analysis. J Autism Dev Disord. 2015;45(4):932\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-014-2247-y.","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord"},{"issue":"8","key":"3519_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3127","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-019-04034-9","volume":"49","author":"M Huberman Samuel","year":"2019","unstructured":"Huberman Samuel M, Meiri G, Dinstein I, Flusser H, Michaelovski A, Bashiri A, Menashe I. Exposure to general anesthesia may contribute to the association between cesarean delivery and autism spectrum disorder. J Autism Dev Disord. 2019;49(8):3127\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-019-04034-9.","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord"},{"issue":"7","key":"3519_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2283","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-020-04415-5","volume":"50","author":"I Menashe","year":"2020","unstructured":"Menashe I, Dinstein I, Flusser H, Michaelovski A, Bashiri A, Meiri G. False interpretation of scientific data leads to biased conclusions about the association between cesarean deliveries under general anesthesia and risk of autism spectrum disorder. J Autism Dev Disord. 2020;50(7):2283\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-020-04415-5.","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"3519_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-021-02518-1","volume":"21","author":"Y Yang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yang Y, Lin J, Lu X, Xun G, Wu R, Li Y, Ou J, Shen Y, Xia K, Zhao J. Anesthesia, sex and miscarriage history may influence the association between cesarean delivery and autism spectrum disorder. BMC Pediatr. 2021;21(1):62. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12887-021-02518-1.","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"issue":"5","key":"3519_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"fcae325","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcae325","volume":"6","author":"M Sun","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sun M, Fu N, Li T, Miao M, Chen WM, Wu SY, Zhang J. Childhood anaesthesia and autism risk: population and murine study. Brain Commun. 2024;6(5):fcae325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/braincomms\/fcae325.","journal-title":"Brain Commun"},{"issue":"10","key":"3519_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4301","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-021-05305-0","volume":"52","author":"ML Laporta","year":"2022","unstructured":"Laporta ML, Sprung J, Fejedelem CA, Henning DT, Weaver AL, Hanson AC, Schroeder DR, Myers SM, Voigt RG, Weingarten TN, Flick RP, Warner DO. Association between exposure of children to general anesthesia and autism spectrum disorder. J Autism Dev Disord. 2022;52(10):4301\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-021-05305-0.","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord"},{"key":"3519_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pikwer A, Yang B, Granstr\u00f6m M, Mattsson N, Sadr-azodi O. General anesthesia in early childhood and possible association with autism: a population-based matched cohort study. Minerva Anestesiol. 2023;89(1):22\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23736\/s0375-9393.22.16543-0.","DOI":"10.23736\/s0375-9393.22.16543-0"},{"issue":"3","key":"3519_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1097\/wnf.0000000000000591","volume":"47","author":"M Ralston","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ralston M, Osman A, Suryadevara P, Cleland E. Effect of ketamine treatment on social withdrawal in autism and autism-like conditions. Clin Neuropharmacol. 2024;47(3):97\u2013100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/wnf.0000000000000591.","journal-title":"Clin Neuropharmacol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3519_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1392","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-020-04542-z","volume":"51","author":"LK Wink","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wink LK, Reisinger DL, Horn P, Shaffer RC, O\u2019Brien K, Schmitt L, Dominick KR, Pedapati EV, Erickson CA. Brief report: intranasal ketamine in adolescents and young adults with autism spectrum disorder-initial results of a randomized, controlled, crossover, pilot study. J Autism Dev Disord. 2021;51(4):1392\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-020-04542-z.","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord"},{"issue":"4","key":"3519_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xhgg.2022.100138","volume":"3","author":"A Kolevzon","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kolevzon A, Levy T, Barkley S, Bedrosian-Sermone S, Davis M, Foss-Feig J, Halpern D, Keller K, Kostic A, Layton C, Lee R, Lerman B, Might M, Sandin S, Siper PM, Sloofman LG, Walker H, Zweifach J, Buxbaum JD. An open-label study evaluating the safety, behavioral, and electrophysiological outcomes of low-dose ketamine in children with ADNP syndrome. HGG Adv. 2022;3(4): 100138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.xhgg.2022.100138.","journal-title":"HGG Adv"},{"key":"3519_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2021.772047","volume":"15","author":"J Cui","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cui J, Park J, Ju X, Lee Y, Hong B, Ahn J, Kim YH, Ko Y, Yoon SH, Lim C, Lee SY, Huh SO, Heo JY, Chung W. General anesthesia during neurodevelopment reduces autistic behavior in adult BTBR mice, a murine model of autism. Front Cell Neurosci. 2021;15: 772047. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fncel.2021.772047.","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"3519_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1186\/s13256-022-03384-w","volume":"16","author":"C Skoglund","year":"2022","unstructured":"Skoglund C, Leknes S, Heilig M. The partial \u00b5-opioid agonist buprenorphine in autism spectrum disorder: a case report. J Med Case Rep. 2022;16(1):152. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13256-022-03384-w.","journal-title":"J Med Case Rep"},{"issue":"11","key":"3519_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.12732","volume":"25","author":"N Taghizadeh","year":"2015","unstructured":"Taghizadeh N, Davidson A, Williams K, Story D. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and its perioperative management. Paediatr Anaesth. 2015;25(11):1076\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pan.12732.","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"issue":"10","key":"3519_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.30272","volume":"4","author":"A Blanchard","year":"2021","unstructured":"Blanchard A, Chihuri S, DiGuiseppi CG, Li G. Risk of self-harm in children and adults with autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10): e2130272. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.30272.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"11","key":"3519_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1017\/s0012162203001427","volume":"45","author":"L Kern","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kern L, Bailin D, Mauk JE. Effects of a topical anesthetic on non-socially maintained self-injurious behavior. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2003;45(11):769\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0012162203001427.","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"3519_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2020.06.033","volume":"118","author":"G Bj\u00f8rklund","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bj\u00f8rklund G, Pivina L, Dadar M, Meguid NA, Semenova Y, Anwar M, Chirumbolo S. Gastrointestinal alterations in autism spectrum disorder: What do we know? Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2020;118:111\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2020.06.033.","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"3519_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/s2468-1253(18)30008-6","volume":"3","author":"AD Farmer","year":"2018","unstructured":"Farmer AD, Holt CB, Downes TJ, Ruggeri E, Del Vecchio S, De Giorgio R. Pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of opioid-induced constipation. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018;3(3):203\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s2468-1253(18)30008-6.","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"3519_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/j.eurpsy.2021.2259","author":"J Vaquerizo-Serrano","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vaquerizo-Serrano J, De Pablo GS, Singh J, Santosh P. Catatonia in autism spectrum disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Psychiatry. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/j.eurpsy.2021.2259.","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"3519_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12980","volume":"139","author":"LE Wachtel","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wachtel LE. Treatment of catatonia in autism spectrum disorders. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2019;139(1):46\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/acps.12980.","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"issue":"3","key":"3519_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2022.0067","volume":"33","author":"JR Smith","year":"2023","unstructured":"Smith JR, York T, Warn S, Borodge D, Pierce DL, Fuchs DC. Another option for aggression and self-injury, alternative benzodiazepines for catatonia in profound autism. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2023;33(3):109\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/cap.2022.0067.","journal-title":"J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3519_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1097\/yct.0000000000000835","volume":"38","author":"S Parry","year":"2022","unstructured":"Parry S, Raheem A, Williams E, Rogers JP. Benzodiazepine reduction and a generalized tonic-clonic seizure with therapeutic benefit in catatonia associated with autism spectrum disorder. J ECT. 2022;38(3):218\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/yct.0000000000000835.","journal-title":"J ECT"},{"issue":"9","key":"3519_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3127","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-018-3582-1","volume":"48","author":"K Abulebda","year":"2018","unstructured":"Abulebda K, Louer R, Lutfi R, Ahmed SS. A comparison of safety and efficacy of dexmedetomidine and propofol in children with autism and autism spectrum disorders undergoing magnetic resonance imaging. J Autism Dev Disord. 2018;48(9):3127\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-018-3582-1.","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord"},{"key":"3519_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-025-06742-x","author":"W Xiong","year":"2025","unstructured":"Xiong W, Zhang JW, Niu MY, Yu WY, Chen ZB, Bu HW, Liu JJ, Liu Q, Duan XY, Bulideerqing J, Qiang W, Hao Z. Efficacy and safety of propofol as a sole sedative for fMRI sedation in autism spectrum disorder individuals with low IQ. J Autism Dev Disord. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-025-06742-x.","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord"},{"issue":"2","key":"3519_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.4097\/kja.d.18.00005","volume":"72","author":"SA Elmorsy","year":"2019","unstructured":"Elmorsy SA, Soliman GF, Rashed LA, Elgendy H. Dexmedetomidine and propofol sedation requirements in an autistic rat model. Korean J Anesthesiol. 2019;72(2):169\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4097\/kja.d.18.00005.","journal-title":"Korean J Anesthesiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"3519_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073817753908","volume":"33","author":"PP Kamat","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kamat PP, Karaga MK, Wisniewski BL, McCracken CE, Simon HK, Sidhu R, Grunwell JR. Outpatient procedural sedation of patients with autism spectrum disorders for magnetic resonance imaging of the brain using propofol. J Child Neurol. 2018;33(5):313\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0883073817753908.","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3519_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1213\/ane.0000000000006426","volume":"138","author":"EM O'Brien","year":"2024","unstructured":"O\u2019Brien EM, Stricker PA, Harris KA, Liu H, Griffis H, Muhly WT. Perioperative management and outcomes in patients with autism spectrum disorder: a retrospective cohort study. Anesth Analg. 2024;138(2):438\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1213\/ane.0000000000006426.","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"issue":"1","key":"3519_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1213\/ane.0000000000006906","volume":"139","author":"J Sprung","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sprung J, Deljou A, Schroeder DR, Warner DO, Weingarten TN. Effect of propofol infusion on need for rescue antiemetics in postanesthesia care unit after volatile anesthesia: a retrospective cohort study. Anesth Analg. 2024;139(1):26\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1213\/ane.0000000000006906.","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"issue":"5","key":"3519_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1111\/aas.14211","volume":"67","author":"H Hanamoto","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hanamoto H, Hirose Y, Toyama M, Yokoe C, Oyamaguchi A, Niwa H. Effect of midazolam in autism spectrum disorder: a retrospective observational analysis. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2023;67(5):606\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aas.14211.","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"key":"3519_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s42077-019-0047-5","author":"H Shokri","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shokri H, Kasem AA. Dexmedetomidine versus midazolam sedation for autistic children undergoing electroencephalogram: a prospective randomized trial. Ain-Shams J Anesthesiol. 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s42077-019-0047-5.","journal-title":"Ain-Shams J Anesthesiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3519_CR75","first-page":"198","volume":"27","author":"T Pisalchaiyong","year":"2005","unstructured":"Pisalchaiyong T, Trairatvorakul C, Jirakijja J, Yuktarnonda W. Comparison of the effectiveness of oral diazepam and midazolam for the sedation of autistic patients during dental treatment. Pediatr Dent. 2005;27(3):198\u2013206.","journal-title":"Pediatr Dent"},{"issue":"5","key":"3519_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1678","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-020-04658-2","volume":"51","author":"GR McBride","year":"2021","unstructured":"McBride GR, Stephenson KAJ, Comer G, Flanagan O. The use of oral midazolam to facilitate the ophthalmic examination of children with autism and developmental disorders. J Autism Dev Disord. 2021;51(5):1678\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-020-04658-2.","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord"},{"key":"3519_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/children11070833","author":"G Cozzi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cozzi G, Zago A, Poropat F, Rabach I, Barbi E, Amaddeo A. Continuous infusion of dexmedetomidine for maintenance of sedation in an aggressive adolescent with autism spectrum disorder in the emergency department. Children. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/children11070833.","journal-title":"Children"},{"issue":"6","key":"3519_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e116","DOI":"10.1097\/pec.0000000000001776","volume":"35","author":"G Carlone","year":"2019","unstructured":"Carlone G, Trombetta A, Amoroso S, Poropat F, Barbi E, Cozzi G. Intramuscular dexmedetomidine, a feasible option for children with autism spectrum disorders needing urgent procedural sedation. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2019;35(6):e116\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/pec.0000000000001776.","journal-title":"Pediatr Emerg Care"},{"issue":"9","key":"3519_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-199009000-00015","volume":"83","author":"PD Rumm","year":"1990","unstructured":"Rumm PD, Takao RT, Fox DJ, Atkinson SW. Efficacy of sedation of children with chloral hydrate. South Med J. 1990;83(9):1040\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00007611-199009000-00015.","journal-title":"South Med J"},{"issue":"5","key":"3519_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1007\/s40272-019-00346-6","volume":"21","author":"E Kaplan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kaplan E, Daka A, Weissbach A, Kraus D, Kadmon G, Milkh R, Nahum E. Triclofos sodium for pediatric sedation in non-painful neurodiagnostic studies. Paediatr Drugs. 2019;21(5):371\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40272-019-00346-6.","journal-title":"Paediatr Drugs"},{"issue":"2","key":"3519_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.12510","volume":"25","author":"I Keidan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Keidan I, Ben-Menachem E, Tzadok M, Ben-Zeev B, Berkenstadt H. Electroencephalography for children with autistic spectrum disorder: a sedation protocol. Paediatr Anaesth. 2015;25(2):200\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pan.12510.","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"issue":"9","key":"3519_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3798","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-019-04095-w","volume":"49","author":"BL Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li BL, Yuen VM, Zhang N, Zhang HH, Huang JX, Yang SY, Miller JW, Song XR. A comparison of intranasal dexmedetomidine and dexmedetomidine plus buccal midazolam for non-painful procedural sedation in children with autism. J Autism Dev Disord. 2019;49(9):3798\u2013806. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-019-04095-w.","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord"},{"key":"3519_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2022.01.005","volume":"37","author":"E Kaplan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kaplan E, Shifeldrim A, Kraus D, Weissbach A, Kadmon G, Milkh R, Nahum E. Intranasal dexmedetomidine vs oral triclofos sodium for sedation of children with autism undergoing electroencephalograms. Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 2022;37:19\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejpn.2022.01.005.","journal-title":"Eur J Paediatr Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3519_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjane.2022.09.003","volume":"73","author":"HM Penna","year":"2023","unstructured":"Penna HM, Paiva APM, Romano AJM, Alves RL, Nascimento Junior PD, M\u00f3dolo NSP. Comparison between oral midazolam versus oral ketamine plus midazolam as preanesthetic medication in autism spectrum disorder: double-blind randomized clinical trial. Braz J Anesthesiol. 2023;73(3):283\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bjane.2022.09.003.","journal-title":"Braz J Anesthesiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"3519_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1356","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.3172","volume":"17","author":"Y Miao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Miao Y, Zheng M, Li Q, Xiong L, Feng J, Liu X, Fan G, Chaturvedi R, Zhang F, Yin N. Comparison of propofol-esketamine versus propofol-sufentanil for deep sedation and analgesia in children with autism: a randomized double-blind clinical trial. Autism Res. 2024;17(7):1356\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/aur.3172.","journal-title":"Autism Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"3519_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2015.2176","volume":"9","author":"YH Ma","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ma YH, Li YW, Ma L, Cao CH, Liu XD. Anesthesia for stem cell transplantation in autistic children: a prospective, randomized, double-blind comparison of propofol and etomidate following sevoflurane inhalation. Exp Ther Med. 2015;9(3):1035\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/etm.2015.2176.","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"3519_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1089\/brain.2016.0448","volume":"7","author":"L Venkatraghavan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Venkatraghavan L, Bharadwaj S, Wourms V, Tan A, Jurkiewicz MT, Mikulis DJ, Crawley AP. Brain resting-state functional connectivity is preserved under sevoflurane anesthesia in patients with pervasive developmental disorders: a pilot study. Brain Connect. 2017;7(4):250\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/brain.2016.0448.","journal-title":"Brain Connect"},{"issue":"5","key":"3519_CR88","first-page":"404","volume":"46","author":"MH Braff","year":"1979","unstructured":"Braff MH, Nealon L. Sedation of the autistic patient for dental procedures. ASDC J Dent Child. 1979;46(5):404\u20137.","journal-title":"ASDC J Dent Child"},{"issue":"6","key":"3519_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-263X.2009.01011.x","volume":"19","author":"CY Loo","year":"2009","unstructured":"Loo CY, Graham RM, Hughes CV. Behaviour guidance in dental treatment of patients with autism spectrum disorder. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2009;19(6):390\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-263X.2009.01011.x.","journal-title":"Int J Paediatr Dent"},{"issue":"5","key":"3519_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1677","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-019-03023-7","volume":"24","author":"F Mangione","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mangione F, Bdeoui F, Monnier-Da Costa A, Dursun E. Autistic patients: a retrospective study on their dental needs and the behavioural approach. Clin Oral Investig. 2020;24(5):1677\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00784-019-03023-7.","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"issue":"5","key":"3519_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.15974","volume":"6","author":"C Sahyoun","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sahyoun C, Krauss B, Bevacqua M, Antonsen A, Jardinier L, Barbi E. Safety and efficacy associated with a family-centered procedural sedation protocol for children with autism spectrum disorder or developmental delay. JAMA Netw Open. 2023;6(5): e2315974. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.15974.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"7","key":"3519_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.64834","volume":"16","author":"A Alyahyawi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Alyahyawi A, Barry M, Helal NM. Dental conscious sedation for the treatment of children with autism spectrum disorder: a narrative review. Cureus. 2024;16(7): e64834. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.64834.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"9","key":"3519_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-005-1499-2","volume":"35","author":"AK Ross","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ross AK, Hazlett HC, Garrett NT, Wilkerson C, Piven J. Moderate sedation for MRI in young children with autism. Pediatr Radiol. 2005;35(9):867\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00247-005-1499-2.","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"3519_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.13387","volume":"28","author":"PP Kamat","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kamat PP, Bryan LN, McCracken CE, Simon HK, Berkenbosch JW, Grunwell JR. Procedural sedation in children with autism spectrum disorders: a survey of current practice patterns of the society for pediatric sedation members. Paediatr Anaesth. 2018;28(6):552\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pan.13387.","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"issue":"4","key":"3519_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2020-320772","volume":"107","author":"N Chanchlani","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chanchlani N, Jarvis P, Hart JW, McMillan CH, Moudiotis CR. Adolescent with abdominal pain poorly responsive to analgesia. Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed. 2022;107(4):276\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/archdischild-2020-320772.","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed"}],"container-title":["Journal of Anesthesia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00540-025-03519-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00540-025-03519-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00540-025-03519-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T17:45:14Z","timestamp":1758822314000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00540-025-03519-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]]},"references-count":95,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["3519"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00540-025-03519-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0913-8668","1438-8359"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0913-8668"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1438-8359"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 March 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 May 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 June 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. Therefore, a data availability\nstatement is not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interests"}}]}}