{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T15:44:04Z","timestamp":1792683844337,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792627200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792627200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Anesth"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s00540-026-03927-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T15:16:19Z","timestamp":1792682179000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The impact of dexmedetomidine on postoperative delirium and early postoperative cognitive impairment in elderly patients undergoing general surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Alexandra B.","family":"Sherman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faisal A.","family":"Shaikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew S.","family":"Greenwald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jana K.","family":"Elsawwah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric J.","family":"Charles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rolando H.","family":"Rolandelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9282-6322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zoltan H.","family":"Nemeth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"3927_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1097\/MCC.0b013e328348bece","volume":"17","author":"TG Monk","year":"2011","unstructured":"Monk TG, Price CC. Postoperative cognitive disorders. Curr Opin Crit Care. 2011;17:376\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MCC.0b013e328348bece.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Crit Care"},{"key":"3927_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.4103\/sja.sja_579_23","volume":"17","author":"E Luca","year":"2023","unstructured":"Luca E, Schipa C, Cambise C, Sollazzi L, Aceto P. Implication of age-related changes on anesthesia management. Saudi J Anaesth. 2023;17:474\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/sja.sja_579_23.","journal-title":"Saudi J Anaesth"},{"key":"3927_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.4103\/sja.sja_528_23","volume":"17","author":"AS Alghamdi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Alghamdi AS, Almuzayyen H, Chowdhury T. The elderly in the post-anesthesia care unit. Saudi J Anaesth. 2023;17:540\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/sja.sja_528_23.","journal-title":"Saudi J Anaesth"},{"key":"3927_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2024.1328790","volume":"18","author":"Q Zhao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhao Q, Wan H, Pan H, Xu Y. Postoperative cognitive dysfunction-current research progress. Front Behav Neurosci. 2024;18:1328790. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnbeh.2024.1328790.","journal-title":"Front Behav Neurosci"},{"key":"3927_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1466681","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2024.1466681","volume":"11","author":"L Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang L, Qiu Y, Zhang ZF, Zhao YF, Ding YM. Current perspectives on postoperative cognitive dysfunction in geriatric patients: insights from clinical practice. Front Med (Lausanne). 2024;11:1466681. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2024.1466681.","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"3927_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00752","volume":"9","author":"SA Safavynia","year":"2019","unstructured":"Safavynia SA, Goldstein PA. The role of neuroinflammation in postoperative cognitive dysfunction: moving from hypothesis to treatment. Front Psychiatry. 2019;9:752. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00752.","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"3927_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-6576.2000.441010.x","volume":"44","author":"H Abildstrom","year":"2000","unstructured":"Abildstrom H, Rasmussen LS, Rentowl P, Hanning CD, Rasmussen H, Kristensen PA. Cognitive dysfunction 1\u20132 years after non-cardiac surgery in the elderly. ISPOCD Group Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2000;44:1246\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1034\/j.1399-6576.2000.441010.x.","journal-title":"ISPOCD Group Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"key":"3927_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1097\/01.anes.0000296071.19434.1e","volume":"108","author":"TG Monk","year":"2008","unstructured":"Monk TG, Weldon BC, Garvan CW, Dede DE, van der Aa MT, Heilman KM. Predictors of cognitive dysfunction after major noncardiac surgery. Anesthesiology. 2008;108:18\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.anes.0000296071.19434.1e.","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"3927_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0000000000000779","volume":"36","author":"B Mei","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mei B, Xu G, Han W, Lu X, Liu R, Cheng X. The benefit of dexmedetomidine on postoperative cognitive function is unrelated to the modulation on peripheral inflammation: a single-center, prospective, randomized study. Clin J Pain. 2020;36:88\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/AJP.0000000000000779.","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"key":"3927_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0332","volume":"86","author":"N Terrando","year":"2011","unstructured":"Terrando N, Brzezinski M, Degos V, Eriksson LI, Kramer JH, Leung JM. Perioperative cognitive decline in the aging population. Mayo Clin Proc. 2011;86:885\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4065\/mcp.2011.0332.","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"3927_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1080\/08998280.2001.11927725","volume":"14","author":"R Gertler","year":"2001","unstructured":"Gertler R, Brown HC, Mitchell DH, Silvius EN. Dexmedetomidine: a novel sedative-analgesic agent. Baylor Univ Med Cent Proc. 2001;14:13\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/08998280.2001.11927725.","journal-title":"Baylor Univ Med Cent Proc"},{"key":"3927_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1007\/s40262-017-0507-7","volume":"56","author":"MAS Weerink","year":"2017","unstructured":"Weerink MAS, Struys MMRF, Hannivoort LN, Barends CRM, Absalom AR, Colin P. Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of dexmedetomidine. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2017;56:893\u2013913. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40262-017-0507-7.","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacokinet"},{"key":"3927_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2019.07.027","volume":"123","author":"K Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang K, Wu M, Xu J, Wu C, Zhang B, Wang G. Effects of dexmedetomidine on perioperative stress, inflammation, and immune function: systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Anaesth. 2019;123:777\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bja.2019.07.027.","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"3927_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.108332","volume":"101","author":"M Tian","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tian M, Wang W, Wang K, Jin P, Lenahan C, Wang Y. Dexmedetomidine alleviates cognitive impairment by reducing blood-brain barrier interruption and neuroinflammation via regulating Th1\/Th2\/Th17 polarization in an experimental sepsis model of mice. Int Immunopharmacol. 2021;101:108332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.108332.","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"3927_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1003-0034.2018.12.003","volume":"31","author":"XT Li","year":"2018","unstructured":"Li XT, Jiang XM, Zheng ZY, Huang HS. Effect of dexmedetomidine on inflammatory factors level and cognitive function after femoral head replacement in elderly patients. Zhongguo Gu Shang. 2018;31:1091\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3969\/j.issn.1003-0034.2018.12.003.","journal-title":"Zhongguo Gu Shang"},{"key":"3927_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2019.07.004","volume":"123","author":"E Mahanna-Gabrielli","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mahanna-Gabrielli E, Schenning KJ, Eriksson LI, Browndyke JN, Wright CB, Culley DJ. State of the clinical science of perioperative brain health: report from the American Society of Anesthesiologists Brain Health Initiative Summit 2018. Br J Anaesth. 2019;123:464\u201378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bja.2019.07.004.","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"3927_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000002334","volume":"129","author":"L Evered","year":"2018","unstructured":"Evered L, Silbert B, Knopman DS, Scott DA, DeKosky ST, Rasmussen LS. Recommendations for the nomenclature of cognitive change associated with anaesthesia and surgery-2018. Anesthesiology. 2018;129:872\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ALN.0000000000002334.","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"3927_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2671","DOI":"10.4240\/wjgs.v16.i8.2671","volume":"16","author":"HM Bu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bu HM, Zhao M, Ma HM, Tian XP. Application value of dexmedetomidine in anesthesia for elderly patients undergoing radical colon cancer surgery. World J Gastrointest Surg. 2024;16:2671\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4240\/wjgs.v16.i8.2671.","journal-title":"World J Gastrointest Surg"},{"key":"3927_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2012.811","volume":"5","author":"J Chen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chen J, Yan J, Han X. Dexmedetomidine may benefit cognitive function after laparoscopic cholecystectomy in elderly patients. Exp Ther Med. 2013;5:489\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/etm.2012.811.","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"key":"3927_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2015.2726","volume":"10","author":"Y Li","year":"2015","unstructured":"Li Y, He R, Chen S, Qu Y. Effect of dexmedetomidine on early postoperative cognitive dysfunction and peri-operative inflammation in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Exp Ther Med. 2015;10:1635\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/etm.2015.2726.","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"key":"3927_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3058","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2019.10611","volume":"18","author":"J Zhang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhang J, Liu G, Zhang F, Fang H, Zhang D, Liu S. Analysis of postoperative cognitive dysfunction and influencing factors of dexmedetomidine anesthesia in elderly patients with colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett. 2019;18:3058\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/ol.2019.10611.","journal-title":"Oncol Lett"},{"key":"3927_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2024.12477","volume":"27","author":"Y Fu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fu Y, Wei Q, Wang Z, Zhao Q, Shi W. Effects of dexmedetomidine on postoperative pain and early cognitive impairment in older male patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Exp Ther Med. 2024;27:189. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/etm.2024.12477.","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"}],"container-title":["Journal of Anesthesia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00540-026-03927-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00540-026-03927-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00540-026-03927-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T15:16:22Z","timestamp":1792682182000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00540-026-03927-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]]},"references-count":22,"alternative-id":["3927"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00540-026-03927-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0913-8668","1438-8359"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0913-8668","type":"print"},{"value":"1438-8359","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 April 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 October 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 October 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable\u2014systematic review.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}