{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,3]],"date-time":"2023-05-03T09:05:59Z","timestamp":1683104759743},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"S3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Spine J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-009-1014-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,4]],"date-time":"2009-05-04T18:34:33Z","timestamp":1241462073000},"page":"279-293","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The contribution of RCTs to quality management and their feasibility in practice"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Jens Ivar","family":"Brox","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"1014_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S192","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-006-1072-1","volume":"2","author":"O Airaksinen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Airaksinen O, Brox JI, Cedraschi C, Hildebrandt J, Klaber-Moffett J, Kovacs F, Mannion AF, Reis S, Staal JB, Ursin H, Zanoli G (2006) European guidelines for the management of chronic nonspecific low back pain. Eur Spine J Suppl 2:S192\u2013S300. doi: 10.1007\/s00586-006-1072-1","journal-title":"Eur Spine J Suppl"},{"key":"1014_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199306150-00018","volume":"18","author":"TJ Albert","year":"1993","unstructured":"Albert TJ, Desai D, McIntosh T, Lamb D, Balderston RA (1993) Early versus late replacement of autotransfused blood in elective spinal surgery. A prospective randomized study. Spine 18:1071\u20131078","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"1014_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1424","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200006010-00016","volume":"25","author":"T Amundsen","year":"2000","unstructured":"Amundsen T, Weber H, Nordal HJ, Magn\u00e6s B, Abdelnoor M, Lille\u00e5s F (2000) Lumbar spinal stenosis: conservative or surgical management? A prospective 10-year study. Spine 25:1424\u20131435. doi: 10.1097\/00007632-200006010-00016","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"1014_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.3171\/spi.2006.4.6.463","volume":"4","author":"PA Anderson","year":"2006","unstructured":"Anderson PA, Tribus CB, Kitchel SH (2006) Treatment of neurogenic claud-ication by interspinous decompression: application of the X STOP device in patients with lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis. J Neurosurg Spine 4:463\u2013471. doi: 10.3171\/spi.2006.4.6.463","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"1014_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.317.7167.1190","volume":"317","author":"JH Baron","year":"1998","unstructured":"Baron JH (1998) Never underestimate a placebo. BMJ 317:1190","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"1014_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-004-0594-6","volume":"28","author":"M Bezer","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bezer M, Erol B, Kocao\u011flu B, Aydin N, G\u00fcven O (2004) Comparison of traditional and intrafascial iliac crest bone-graft harvesting in lumbar spinal surgery. Int Orthop 28:325\u2013328. doi: 10.1007\/s00264-004-0594-6","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"1014_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1913","DOI":"10.1097\/01.BRS.0000083234.62751.7A","volume":"28","author":"JI Brox","year":"2003","unstructured":"Brox JI, S\u00f8rensen R, Friis A, Nygaard \u00d8, Indahl A, Keller A, Ingbrigtsen T, Eriksen HR, Holm I, Rise R, Koller AK, Reiker\u00e5s O (2003) Randomized clinical trial of lumbar instrumented fusion and cognitive intervention and exercises in patients with chronic low back pain and disc degeneration. Spine 28:1913\u20131921. doi: 10.1097\/01.BRS.0000083234.62751.7A","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"1014_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2006.01.027","volume":"122","author":"JI Brox","year":"2006","unstructured":"Brox JI, Reiker\u00e5s O, Nygaard \u00d8, S\u00f8rensen R, Indahl A, Holm I, Keller A, Ingebrigtsen T, Grundnes O, Lange JE, Friis A (2006) Lumbar instrumented fusion compared with cognitive intervention and exercises in patients with chronic back pain after previous surgery for disc herniation: a prospective randomized controlled study. Pain 122:145\u2013155. doi: 10.1016\/j.pain.2006.01.027","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"1014_CR9","first-page":"100","volume":"17","author":"H Cavusoglu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cavusoglu H, Turkmenoglu O, Kaya RA, Tuncer C, Colak I, Sahin Y, Aydin Y (2007) Efficacy of unilateral laminectomy for bilateral decompression in lumbar spinal stenosis. Turk Neurosurg 17:100\u2013108","journal-title":"Turk Neurosurg"},{"key":"1014_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e318074c39f","volume":"32","author":"SE Celik","year":"2007","unstructured":"Celik SE, Kara A (2007) Does shaving the incision site increase the infection rate after spinal surgery? Spine 32:1575\u20131577. doi: 10.1097\/BRS.0b013e318074c39f","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"1014_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(10)65235-6","volume":"14","author":"TC Chalmers","year":"1972","unstructured":"Chalmers TC (1972) Randomization and coronary artery surgery. Ann Thorac Surg 14:323\u2013327","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"1014_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1689","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000171907.60775.85","volume":"30","author":"MT Cheng","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cheng MT, Chang MC, Wang ST, Yu WK, Liu CL, Chen TH (2005) Efficacy of dilute betadine solution irrigation in the prevention of postoperative infection of spinal surgery. Spine 30:1689\u20131693. doi: 10.1097\/01.brs.0000171907.60775.85","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"1014_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.3171\/spi.2007.6.3.229","volume":"6","author":"DY Cho","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cho DY, Lin HL, Lee WY, Lee HC (2007) Split-spinous process laminotomy and discectomy for degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis: a preliminary report. J Neurosurg Spine 6:229\u2013239. doi: 10.3171\/spi.2007.6.3.229","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"1014_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181732a8e","volume":"33","author":"LY Dai","year":"2008","unstructured":"Dai LY, Jiang LS (2008) Single-level instrumented posterolateral fusion of lumbar spine with beta-tricalcium phosphate versus autograft: a prospective, randomized study with 3-year follow-up. Spine 33:1299\u20131304. doi: 10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181732a8e","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"1014_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38441.620417.8F","volume":"303","author":"J Fairbank","year":"2005","unstructured":"Fairbank J, Frost H, Wilson-MacDonald J, Yu LM, Barker K, Collins R (2005) Randomised controlled trial to compare surgical stabilisation of the lumbar spine with an intensive rehabilitation programme for patients with chronic low back pain: the MRC spine stabilisation trial. BMJ 303:1233\u20131239. doi: 10.1136\/bmj.38441.620417.8F","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"1014_CR16","first-page":"486","volume":"43","author":"Q Fei","year":"2005","unstructured":"Fei Q, Wang YP, Xu HG, Qiu GX, Weng XS, Lin J, Tian Y, Yu B, Xu R (2005) Comparison of instrumented posterior fusion with instrumented circumferential lumbar fusion in the treatment of lumbar stenosis with low degree lumbar spondylolisthesis. Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi 43:486\u2013490","journal-title":"Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi"},{"key":"1014_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000255023.56466.44","volume":"32","author":"M Fernandez-Fairen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Fernandez-Fairen M, Sala P, Ramirez H, Gil J (2007) A prospective randomized study of unilateral versus bilateral instrumented posterolateral lumbar fusion in degenerative spondylolisthesis. Spine 32:395\u2013401. doi: 10.1097\/01.brs.0000255023.56466.44","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"1014_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1993","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1970.03170120039008","volume":"1211","author":"WS Fields","year":"1970","unstructured":"Fields WS, Maslenikov V, Meyer JS, Hass WK, Remington RD, Macdonald M (1970) Joint study of extracranial arterial occlusion. V. Progress report of prognosis following surgery or nonsurgical treatment for transient cerebral ischemic attacks and cervical carotid artery lesions. JAMA 1211:1993\u20132003. doi: 10.1001\/jama.211.12.1993","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"1014_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gibson JN, Waddell G (2005) Surgery for degenerative lumbar spondylosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev CD001352","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001352.pub2"},{"key":"1014_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1735","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3180bc2431","volume":"32","author":"JN Gibson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gibson JN, Waddell G (2007) Surgical interventions for lumbar disc prolapse: updated Cochrane Review. Spine 32:1735\u20131747. doi: 10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3180bc2431","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"1014_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39070.527986.68","volume":"334","author":"P Glasziou","year":"2007","unstructured":"Glasziou P, Chalmers I, Rawlins M, McCulloch P (2007) When are randomised trials unnecessary? Picking signal from noise. BMJ 334:349\u2013351. doi: 10.1136\/bmj.39070.527986.68","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"1014_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2007.01.006","volume":"1","author":"P Goupille","year":"2007","unstructured":"Goupille P, Mulleman D, Mammou S, Griffoul I, Valat JP (2007) Percutaneous laser disc decompression for the treatment of lumbar disc herniation: a review. Semin Arthritis Rheum 1:20\u201330. doi: 10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2007.01.006","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"1014_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e318064520f","volume":"32","author":"A Hallett","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hallett A, Huntley JS, Gibson JN (2007) Foraminal stenosis and single-level degenerative disc disease: a randomized controlled trial comparing decompression with decompression and instrumented fusion. Spine 32:1375\u20131380. doi: 10.1097\/BRS.0b013e318064520f","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"1014_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1543","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199510000-00009","volume":"77","author":"LI Havelin","year":"1995","unstructured":"Havelin LI, Espehaug B, Vollset SE, Enges\u00e6ter LB (1995) The effect of the type of cement on early revision of Charnley total hip prostheses. A review of eight thousand five hundred and seventy-nine primary arthroplasties from the Norwegian Arthroplasty Register. J Bone Joint Surg Am 77:1543\u20131550","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"1014_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E890","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000245955.22358.3a","volume":"31","author":"T Hoogland","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hoogland T, Schubert M, Miklitz B, Ramirez A (2006) Transforaminal postero-lateral endoscopic discectomy with or without the combination of a low-dose chymopapain: a prospective randomized study in 280 consecutive cases. Spine 31:E890\u2013E897. doi: 10.1097\/01.brs.0000245955.22358.3a","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"1014_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-006-0269-6","volume":"32","author":"T Ibrahim","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ibrahim T, Tleyjeh IM, Gabbar O (2008) Surgical versus non-surgical treatment of chronic low back pain: a meta-analysis of randomised trials. Int Orthop 32:107\u2013113. doi: 10.1007\/s00264-006-0269-6","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"1014_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1177\/230949900601400106","volume":"14","author":"DN Inamdar","year":"2006","unstructured":"Inamdar DN, Alagappan M, Shyam L, Devadoss S, Devadoss A (2006) Posterior lumbar interbody fusion versus intertransverse fusion in the treatment of lumbar spondylolisthesis. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong) 14:21\u201326","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong)"},{"key":"1014_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/0195-6701(88)90011-4","volume":"12","author":"HR Ingham","year":"1988","unstructured":"Ingham HR, Kalbag RM, Sisson PR, Allcutt DA, Betty MJ, Crawford PJ, Gillham NR, Hankinson J, Sengupta RP, Strong AJ (1988) Simple peroperative antimicrobial chemoprophylaxis in elective neurosurgical operations. J Hosp Infect 12:225\u2013233. doi: 10.1016\/0195-6701(88)90011-4","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"1014_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jutte PC, Van Loenhout-Rooyackers JH (2006) Routine surgery in addition to chemotherapy for treating spinal tuberculosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev CD004532","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004532.pub2"},{"key":"1014_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1097\/01.bsd.0000211201.93125.1c","volume":"19","author":"Y Katayama","year":"2006","unstructured":"Katayama Y, Matsuyama Y, Yoshihara H, Sakai Y, Nakamura H, Nakashima S, Ito Z, Ishiguro N (2006) Comparison of surgical outcomes between macro discectomy and micro discectomy for lumbar disc herniation: a prospective randomized study with surgery performed by the same spine surgeon. J Spinal Disord Tech 19:344\u2013347. doi: 10.1097\/01.bsd.0000211201.93125.1c","journal-title":"J Spinal Disord Tech"},{"key":"1014_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000218635.14571.55","volume":"31","author":"KT Kim","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kim KT, Lee SH, Lee YH, Bae SC, Suk KS (2006) Clinical outcomes of 3 fusion methods through the posterior approach in the lumbar spine. Spine 31:1351\u20131357. doi: 10.1097\/01.brs.0000218635.14571.55","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"1014_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1097\/01.bsd.0000211294.67508.3b","volume":"19","author":"DG Kondrashov","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kondrashov DG, Hannibal M, Hsu KY, Zucherman JF (2006) Interspinous process decompression with the X-STOP device for lumbar spinal stenosis: a 4-year follow-up study. J Spinal Disord Tech 19:323\u2013327. doi: 10.1097\/01.bsd.0000211294.67508.3b","journal-title":"J Spinal Disord Tech"},{"key":"1014_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1097\/01.BRS.0000119398.22620.92","volume":"29","author":"MB Kornblum","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kornblum MB, Fischgrund JS, Herkowitz HN, Abraham DA, Berkower DL, Ditkoff JS (2004) Degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis with spinal stenosis\u2014a prospective long-term study comparing fusion and pseudarthrosis. Spine 29:726\u2013733. doi: 10.1097\/01.BRS.0000119398.22620.92","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"1014_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1097\/00024720-200406000-00006","volume":"17","author":"P Korovessis","year":"2004","unstructured":"Korovessis P, Baikousis A, Koureas G, Zacharatos S (2004) Correlative analysis of the results of surgical treatment of thoracolumbar injuries with long Texas Scottish rite hospital construct: is the use of pedicle screws versus hooks advantageous in the lumbar spine? J Spinal Disord Tech 17:195\u2013205. doi: 10.1097\/00024720-200406000-00006","journal-title":"J Spinal Disord Tech"},{"key":"1014_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1097\/01.BRS.0000112072.83196.0F","volume":"29","author":"P Korovessis","year":"2004","unstructured":"Korovessis P, Papazisis Z, Koureas G, Lambiris E (2004) Rigid, semirigid versus dynamic instrumentation for degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis: a corr-elative radiological and clinical analysis of short-term results. Spine 29:735\u2013742. doi: 10.1097\/01.BRS.0000112072.83196.0F","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"1014_CR36","first-page":"109","volume":"91","author":"P Korovessis","year":"2002","unstructured":"Korovessis P, Repanti M, Koureas G (2002) Does coralline hydroxyapatite conduct fusion in instrumented posterior spine fusion? Stud Health Technol Inform 91:109\u2013113","journal-title":"Stud Health Technol Inform"},{"key":"1014_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1007\/s005860000146","volume":"9","author":"T Laine","year":"2000","unstructured":"Laine T, Lund T, Ylikoski M, Lohikoski J, Schlenzka D (2000) Accuracy of pedicle screw insertion with and without computer assistance: a randomised controlled clinical study in 100 consecutive patients. Eur Spine J 9:235\u2013240. doi: 10.1007\/s005860000146","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"1014_CR38","volume-title":"A treatise of scurvy","author":"J Lind","year":"1753","unstructured":"Lind J (1753) A treatise of scurvy. Sands Murray & Cochran, Edinburgh"},{"key":"1014_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.3109\/17453679508995524","volume":"66","author":"L Linder","year":"1995","unstructured":"Linder L (1995) Boneloc: the Christiansen experience revisited. Acta Orthop Scand 66:205\u2013206","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand"},{"key":"1014_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-006-0140-9","volume":"31","author":"O Linhardt","year":"2007","unstructured":"Linhardt O, Matussek J, Refior HJ, Krodel A (2007) Long-term results of ventro-dorsal versus ventral instrumentation fusion in the treatment of spondylitis. Int Orthop 31:113\u2013119. doi: 10.1007\/s00264-006-0140-9","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"1014_CR41","first-page":"616","volume":"28","author":"JD Lurie","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lurie JD, Birkmeyer NJ, Weinstein JN (2003) Rates of advanced spinal imaging and spine surgery. Spine 28:616\u2013620. doi: 10.1097\/00007632-200303150-00018","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"1014_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000251014.81875.6d","volume":"32","author":"A Malmivaara","year":"2007","unstructured":"Malmivaara A, Slatis P, Heliovaara M, Sainio P, Kinnunen H, Kankare J, Hirvonen N, Seitsalo S, Herno A, Kortekangas P, Niinimaki T, Ronty H, Tallroth K, Turunen V, Knekt P, Harkanen T, Hurri H (2007) Surgical or nonoperative treatment for lumbar spinal stenosis? A randomized controlled trial. Spine 32:1\u20138. doi: 10.1097\/01.brs.0000251014.81875.6d","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"1014_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-005-1034-z","volume":"14","author":"PJ McKenna","year":"2005","unstructured":"McKenna PJ, Freeman BJ, Mulholland RC, Grevitt MP, Webb JK, Mehdian SH (2005) A prospective, randomised controlled trial of femoral ring allograft versus a titanium cage in circumferential lumbar spinal fusion with minimum 2-year clinical results. Eur Spine J 14:727\u2013737. doi: 10.1007\/s00586-005-1034-z","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"1014_CR44","first-page":"425","volume":"ii","author":"Medical Research Council","year":"1948","unstructured":"Medical Research Council (1948) Streptomycin treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. BMJ ii:425\u2013429","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"1014_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800611102","volume":"61","author":"Medical Research Council Working party on tuberculosis","year":"1974","unstructured":"Medical Research Council Working party on tuberculosis (1974) A controlled trial of anterior spinal fusion and debridement in the surgical management of tuberculosis of the spine in patients on standard chemotherapy: a study in Hong Kong. Br J Surg 61:853\u2013866","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"1014_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000259225.37454.38","volume":"32","author":"SK Mirza","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mirza SK, Deyo RA (2007) Systematic review of randomized trials comparing lumbar fusion surgery to nonoperative care for treatment of chronic back pain. Spine 32:816\u2013823. doi: 10.1097\/01.brs.0000259225.37454.38","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"1014_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)04337-3","volume":"357","author":"D Moher","year":"2001","unstructured":"Moher D, Schulz KF, Altman DG (2001) The CONSORT statement: revised recommendations for improving the quality of reports of parallel-group randomised trials. Lancet 357:1191\u20131194. doi: 10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)04337-3","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1014_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000259227.51180.ca","volume":"32","author":"F Mussano","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mussano F, Ciccone G, Ceccarelli M, Baldi I, Bassi F (2007) Bone morphogenetic proteins and bone defects: a systematic review. Spine 32:824\u2013830. doi: 10.1097\/01.brs.0000259227.51180.ca","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"1014_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E347","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000167820.54413.8e","volume":"30","author":"H Nakamura","year":"2005","unstructured":"Nakamura H, Matsuyama Y, Yoshihara H, Sakai Y, Katayama Y, Nakashima S, Takamatsu J, Ishiguro N (2005) The effect of autologous fibrin tissue adhesive on postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leak in spinal cord surgery: a randomized controlled trial. Spine 30:E347\u2013E351. doi: 10.1097\/01.brs.0000167820.54413.8e","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"1014_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2409","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000239178.08796.52","volume":"31","author":"H \u00d6sterman","year":"2006","unstructured":"\u00d6sterman H, Seitsalo S, Karppinen J, Malmivaara A (2006) Effectiveness of microdiscectomy for lumbar disc herniation: a randomized controlled trial with 2\u00a0years of follow-up. Spine 31:2409\u20132414. doi: 10.1097\/01.brs.0000239178.08796.52","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"1014_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Parker MJ, Livingstone V, Clifton R, McKee A (2007) Closed suction surgical wound drainage after orthopaedic surgery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev CD001825","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001825.pub2"},{"key":"1014_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)66954-1","volume":"366","author":"RA Patchell","year":"2005","unstructured":"Patchell RA, Tibbs PA, Regine WF, Payne R, Saris S, Kryscio RJ, Mohiuddin M, Young B (2005) Direct decompressive surgical resection in the treatment of spinal cord compression caused by metastatic cancer: a randomised trial. Lancet 366:643\u2013648. doi: 10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)66954-1","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1014_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.a143","volume":"336","author":"WC Peul","year":"2008","unstructured":"Peul WC, van den Hout WB, Brand R, Thomeer RT, Koes BW (2008) Pro-longed conservative care versus early surgery in patients with sciatica caused by lumbar disc herniation: two year results of a randomised controlled trial. BMJ 336:1355\u20131358. doi: 10.1136\/bmj.a143","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"1014_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2245","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa064039","volume":"356","author":"WC Peul","year":"2007","unstructured":"Peul WC, van Houwelingen HC, van den Hout WB, Brand R, Eekhof JA, Tans JT, Thomeer RT, Koes BW (2007) Surgery versus prolonged conservative treatment for sciatica. N Engl J Med 356:2245\u20132256. doi: 10.1056\/NEJMoa064039","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1014_CR55","volume-title":"Clinical trials","author":"SJ Pocock","year":"1983","unstructured":"Pocock SJ (1983) Clinical trials. Wiley, New York"},{"key":"1014_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000290901.00320.F5","volume":"61","author":"O Righesso","year":"2007","unstructured":"Righesso O, Falavigna A, Avanzi O (2007) Comparison of open discectomy with microendoscopic discectomy in lumbar disc herniations: results of a randomized controlled trial. Neurosurgery 61:545\u2013549. doi: 10.1227\/01.NEU.0000290901.00320.F5","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"1014_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.76B1.8300691","volume":"76","author":"E Rubinstein","year":"1994","unstructured":"Rubinstein E, Findler G, Amit P, Shaked I (1994) Perioperative prophylactic cephazolin in spinal surgery. A double-blind placebo-controlled trial. J Bone Joint Surg Br 76:99\u2013102","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"1014_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2933","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31815d0034","volume":"32","author":"RC Sasso","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sasso RC, Smucker JD, Hacker RJ, Heller JG (2007) Artificial disc versus fusion: a prospective, randomized study with 2-year follow-up on 99 patients. Spine 32:2933\u20132940. doi: 10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31815d0034","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"1014_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E207","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200105150-00019","volume":"26","author":"J Schofferman","year":"2001","unstructured":"Schofferman J, Slosar P, Reynolds J, Goldthwaite N, Koestler M (2001) A prospective randomized comparison of 270 degrees fusions to 360 degrees fusions (circumferential fusions). Spine 26:E207\u2013E212. doi: 10.1097\/00007632-200105150-00019","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"1014_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.3171\/spi.2005.3.2.0129","volume":"3","author":"C Thome","year":"2005","unstructured":"Thome C, Zevgaridis D, Leheta O, Bazner H, Pockler-Schoniger C, Wohrle J, Schmiedek P (2005) Outcome after less-invasive decompression of lumbar spinal stenosis: a randomized comparison of unilateral laminotomy, bilateral laminotomy, and laminectomy. J Neurosurg Spine 3:129\u2013141","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"1014_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39583.709074.BE","volume":"336","author":"WB Hout van den","year":"2008","unstructured":"van den Hout WB, Peul WC, Koes BW, Brand R, Kievit J, Thomeer RT (2008) Prolonged conservative care versus early surgery in patients with sciatica from lumbar disc herniation: cost utility analysis alongside a randomised controlled trial. BMJ 336:1351\u20131354. doi: 10.1136\/bmj.39583.709074.BE","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"1014_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S82","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-005-1049-5","volume":"15","author":"MW Tulder van","year":"2006","unstructured":"van Tulder MW, Koes B, Seitsalo S, Malmivaara A (2006) Outcome of invasive treatment modalities on back pain and sciatica: an evidence-based review. Eur Spine J 15:S82\u2013S92","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"1014_CR63","first-page":"555","volume":"28","author":"MH Voormolen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Voormolen MH, Mali WP, Lohle PN, Fransen H, Lampmann LE, van der Graaf Y, Juttmann JR, Jansssens X, Verhaar HJ (2007) Percutaneous vertebroplasty compared with optimal pain medication treatment: short-term clinical outcome of patients with subacute or chronic painful osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. The VERTOS study. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 28:555\u2013560","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"1014_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2646","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000244555.28310.40","volume":"31","author":"ST Wang","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wang ST, Ma HL, Liu CL, Yu WK, Chang MC, Chen TH (2006) Is fusion necessary for surgically treated burst fractures of the thoracolumbar and lumbar spine? A prospective, randomized study. Spine 31:2646\u20132652. doi: 10.1097\/01.brs.0000244555.28310.40","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"1014_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198303000-00003","volume":"8","author":"H Weber","year":"1983","unstructured":"Weber H (1983) Lumbar disc herniation A controlled, prospective study with ten years of observation. Spine 8:131\u2013140. doi: 10.1097\/00007632-198303000-00003","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"1014_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2548","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199912010-00018","volume":"24","author":"JN Weinstein","year":"1999","unstructured":"Weinstein JN (1999) The tortoise and the hare: is there a place in spine surgery for randomized trials? Spine 24:2548\u20132549. doi: 10.1097\/00007632-199912010-00018","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"1014_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2707","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000248132.15231.fe","volume":"31","author":"JN Weinstein","year":"2006","unstructured":"Weinstein JN, Lurie JD, Olson PR, Bronner KK, Fisher ES (2006) United States\u2019 trends and regional variations in lumbar spine surgery: 1992\u20132003. Spine 31:2707\u20132714","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"1014_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2257","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa070302","volume":"356","author":"JN Weinstein","year":"2007","unstructured":"Weinstein JN, Lurie JD, Tosteson TD, Hanscom B, Tosteson AN, Blood EA, Birkmeyer NJ, Hilibrand AS, Herkowitz H, Cammisa FP, Albert TJ, Emery SE, Lenke LG, Abdu WA, Longley M, Errico TJ, Hu SS (2007) Surgical versus non-surgical treatment for lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis. N Engl J Med 356:2257\u20132270. doi: 10.1056\/NEJMoa070302","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1014_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0707136","volume":"358","author":"JN Weinstein","year":"2008","unstructured":"Weinstein JN, Tosteson TD, Lurie JD, Tosteson AN, Blood E, Hanscom B, Herkowitz H, Cammisa F, Albert T, Boden SD, Hilibrand A, Goldberg H, Berven S, An H (2008) Surgical versus nonsurgical therapy for lumbar spinal stenosis. N Engl J Med 358:794\u2013810. doi: 10.1056\/NEJMoa0707136","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1014_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2441","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.296.20.2441","volume":"296","author":"JN Weinstein","year":"2006","unstructured":"Weinstein JN, Tosteson TD, Lurie JD, Tosteson AN, Hanscom B, Skinner JS, Abdu WA, Hilibrand AS, Boden SD, Deyo RA (2006) Surgical vs nonoperative treatment for lumbar disk herniation: the spine patient outcomes research trial (SPORT): a randomized trial. JAMA 296:2441\u20132450. doi: 10.1001\/jama.296.20.2441","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"1014_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1097\/BSD.0b013e31814d4e1b","volume":"21","author":"PG Whang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Whang PG, Lim MR, Sasso RC, Skelton A, Brown ZB, Greg AD, Albert TJ, Hilibrand AS, Vaccaro AR (2008) Financial incentives for lumbar surgery: a critical analysis of physician reimbursement for decompression and fusion procedures. J Spinal Disord Tech 21:381\u2013386. doi: 10.1097\/BSD.0b013e31814d4e1b","journal-title":"J Spinal Disord Tech"},{"key":"1014_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wood KB, Bohn D, Mehbod A (2005) Anterior versus posterior treatment of stable thoracolumbar burst fractures without neurologic deficit: a prospective, randomized study. J Spinal Disord Tech 18(Suppl): S15\u2013S23. doi: 10.1097\/01.bsd.0000132287.65702.8a","DOI":"10.1097\/01.bsd.0000132287.65702.8a"},{"key":"1014_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yi L, Jingping B, Gele J, Baoleri X, Taixiang W (2006) Operative versus non-operative treatment for thoracolumbar burst fractures without neurological deficit. Cochrane Database Syst Rev CD005079","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005079.pub2"},{"key":"1014_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1980.53.6.0741","volume":"53","author":"RF Young","year":"1980","unstructured":"Young RF, Post EM, King GA (1980) Treatment of spinal epidural metastases. Randomized prospective comparison of laminectomy and radiotherapy. J Neurosurg 53:741\u2013748","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"1014_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-003-0581-4","volume":"13","author":"JF Zucherman","year":"2004","unstructured":"Zucherman JF, Hsu KY, Hartjen CA, Mehalic TF, Implicito DA, Martin MJ, Johnson DR, Skidmore GA, Vessa PP, Dwyer JW, Puccio S, Cauthen JC, Ozuna RM (2004) A prospective randomized multi-center study for the treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis with the X STOP interspinous implant: 1-year results. Eur Spine J 13:22\u201331. doi: 10.1007\/s00586-003-0581-4","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"1014_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000166618.42749.d1","volume":"30","author":"JF Zucherman","year":"2005","unstructured":"Zucherman JF, Hsu KY, Hartjen CA, Mehalic TF, Implicito DA, Martin MJ, Johnson DR, Skidmore GA, Vessa PP, Dwyer JW, Puccio ST, Cauthen JC, Ozuna RM (2005) A multicenter, prospective, randomized trial evaluating the X STOP interspinous process decompression system for the treatment of neuro-genic intermittent claudication: two-year follow-up results. Spine 30:1351\u20131358. doi: 10.1097\/01.brs.0000166618.42749.d1","journal-title":"Spine"}],"container-title":["European Spine Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00586-009-1014-9.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,7]],"date-time":"2019-04-07T14:50:46Z","timestamp":1554648646000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00586-009-1014-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,1]]},"references-count":76,"journal-issue":{"issue":"S3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,8]]}},"alternative-id":["1014"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-009-1014-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0940-6719","1432-0932"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0940-6719","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-0932","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,1]]}}}