{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T07:52:11Z","timestamp":1772956331813,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,12]],"date-time":"2009-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1250035200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Spine J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-009-1130-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,11]],"date-time":"2009-08-11T10:43:34Z","timestamp":1249987414000},"page":"1371-1378","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["The clinical presentation of chronic whiplash and the relationship to findings of MRI fatty infiltrates in the cervical extensor musculature: a preliminary investigation"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"James","family":"Elliott","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Sterling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jon Timothy","family":"Noteboom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Treleaven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Graham","family":"Galloway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gwendolen","family":"Jull","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"1130_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1097\/00002060-199811000-00019","volume":"77","author":"MT Andary","year":"1998","unstructured":"Andary MT, Hallgren R, Greenman PF et al (1998) Neurogenic atrophy of suboccipital muscles after a cervical injury: a case study. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 77:545\u2013549","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"1130_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2003.05.001","volume":"107","author":"B Banic","year":"2004","unstructured":"Banic B, Petersen-Felix S, Andersen OK et al (2004) Evidence for spinal cord hypersensitivity in chronic pain after whiplash injury and in fibromyalgia. Pain 107:7\u201315","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"1130_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1155\/2006\/642568","volume":"11","author":"G Bennett","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bennett G (2006) Can we distinguish between inflammatory and neuropathic pain? Pain Res Manag 11:11\u201315","journal-title":"Pain Res Manag"},{"key":"1130_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-7580.2001.19960709.x","volume":"199","author":"LC Boyd-Clark","year":"2001","unstructured":"Boyd-Clark LC, Briggs CA, Galea MP (2001) Comparative histochemical composition of muscle fibers in a pre- and a postvertebral muscle of the cervical spine. J Anat 199:709\u2013716","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"1130_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200204010-00005","volume":"27","author":"LC Boyd-Clark","year":"2002","unstructured":"Boyd-Clark LC, Briggs CA, Galea MP (2002) Muscle spindle distribution, morphology, and density in longus colli and multifidus muscles of the cervical spine. Spine 27:694\u2013701","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"1130_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(89)90240-6","volume":"38","author":"J Brennum","year":"1989","unstructured":"Brennum J, Kjeldsen M, Jensen K et al (1989) Measurements of human pressure-pain thresholds on fingers and toes. Pain 38:211\u2013217","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"1130_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31816244ed","volume":"35","author":"I Cameron","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cameron I, Rebbeck T, Sindhusake D et al (2008) Legislative change is associated with improved health status in people with whiplash. Spine 35:250\u2013254","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"1130_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1350F","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4598(199810)21:10<1350::AID-MUS21>3.0.CO;2-4","volume":"21","author":"WW Campbell","year":"1998","unstructured":"Campbell WW, Vasconcelos O, Laine FJ (1998) Focal atrophy of the multifidus muscle in lumbosacral radiculopathy. Muscle Nerve 21:1350F\u20131353F","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"1130_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(98)00229-2","volume":"80","author":"G Crombez","year":"1999","unstructured":"Crombez G, Vlaeyen J, Heuts P et al (1999) Pain-related fear is more disabling than pain itself: evidence on the role of pain-related fear in chronic back pain disability. Pain 80:329\u2013339","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"1130_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1097\/00002508-200112000-00004","volume":"17","author":"M Curatolo","year":"2001","unstructured":"Curatolo M, Petersen-Felix S, Arendt-Nielsen L et al (2001) Central hypersensitivity in chronic pain after whiplash injury. Clin J Pain 17:306\u2013315","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"key":"1130_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2090","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200110010-00009","volume":"26","author":"P Dall\u2019Alba","year":"2001","unstructured":"Dall\u2019Alba P, Sterling M, Treleaven JM et al (2001) Cervical range of motion discriminates between asymptomatic persons and those with whiplash. Spine 26:2090\u20132094","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"1130_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/S0303-2647(97)01685-7","volume":"43","author":"L Medinaceli De","year":"1999","unstructured":"De Medinaceli L, Hurpeau J, Merle M et al (1999) Cold and post-traumatic pain: modeling of the peripheral nerve message. Biosystems 43:145\u2013167","journal-title":"Biosystems"},{"key":"1130_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.3109\/08039489509011919","volume":"49","author":"M Drottning","year":"1995","unstructured":"Drottning M, Staff P, Levin L et al (1995) Acute emotional response to common whiplash predicts subsequent pain complaints: a prospective study of 107 subjects sustaining whiplash injury. Nord J Psychiatry 49:293\u2013299","journal-title":"Nord J Psychiatry"},{"key":"1130_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E847","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000240841.07050.34","volume":"31","author":"J Elliott","year":"2006","unstructured":"Elliott J, Jull G, Noteboom JT et al (2006) Fatty infiltration in the cervical extensor muscles in persistent whiplash-associated disorders: a magnetic resonance imaging analysis. Spine 31:E847\u2013E855","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"1130_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2007.11.011","volume":"63","author":"J Elliott","year":"2008","unstructured":"Elliott J, Sterling M, Noteboom JT et al (2008) Fatty infiltrate in the cervical extensor muscles is not a feature of chronic, insidious-onset neck pain. Clin Radiol 63:681\u2013687","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"key":"1130_CR16","first-page":"121","volume-title":"The whiplash encyclopedia. The fact and myths of whiplash","author":"R Ferrari","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ferrari R (2005) The whiplash encyclopedia. The fact and myths of whiplash, 2nd edn. Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Sudbury, MA, pp 121\u2013145","edition":"2"},{"issue":"3","key":"1130_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.math.2006.12.005","volume":"13","author":"S Field","year":"2007","unstructured":"Field S, Treleaven J, Jull G (2007) Standing balance: a comparison between idiopathic and whiplash-induced neck pain. Man Ther 13(3):183\u2013191","journal-title":"Man Ther"},{"key":"1130_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.187.1.8451416","volume":"187","author":"JL Fleckenstein","year":"1993","unstructured":"Fleckenstein JL, Watamull D, Conner KE et al (1993) Denervated human skeletal muscle: MR imaging evaluation. Radiology 187:213\u2013218","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"1130_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.79B4.6940","volume":"79","author":"M Gargan","year":"1997","unstructured":"Gargan M, Bannister G, Main C et al (1997) The behavioural response to whiplash injury. J Bone Joint Surg Br 79:523\u2013526","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"1130_CR20","volume-title":"Manual of the General Health Questionnaire","author":"D Goldberg","year":"1978","unstructured":"Goldberg D (1978) Manual of the General Health Questionnaire. NFER-Nelson, Windsor"},{"key":"1130_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2232010857","volume":"223","author":"N Hayashi","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hayashi N, Masumoto T, Abe O et al (2002) Accuracy of abnormal paraspinal muscle findings on contrast-enhanced MR images as indirect signs of unilateral cervical root-avulsion injury. Radiology 223:397\u2013402","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"1130_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(98)90176-9","volume":"79","author":"HV Heikkila","year":"1998","unstructured":"Heikkila HV, Wenngren B (1998) Cervicocephalic kinesthetic sensibility, active range of cervical motion, and oculomotor function in patients with whiplash injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 79:1089\u20131094","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"1130_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-197905000-00004","volume":"41","author":"M Horowitz","year":"1979","unstructured":"Horowitz M, Wilner N, Alvarez W (1979) Impact of Event Scale: a measure of subjective stress. Psychosom Med 41:209\u2013218","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"key":"1130_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(02)00122-7","volume":"101","author":"E Jorum","year":"2003","unstructured":"Jorum E, Warncke T, Stubhaug A (2003) Cold allodynia and hyperalgesia in neuropathic pain: the effect of N-methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist ketamine-a double-blind, cross-over comparison with alfentanil and placebo. Pain 101:229\u2013235","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"1130_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.86B7.14633","volume":"86","author":"CC Joslin","year":"2004","unstructured":"Joslin CC, Khan SN, Bannister GC (2004) Long-term disability after neck injury: A comparative study. J Bone Joint Surg [Br] 86:1032\u20131034","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg [Br]"},{"key":"1130_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2005.22.1294","volume":"22","author":"BR Kaale","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kaale BR, Krakenes J, Albrektsen G et al (2005) Head position and impact direction in whiplash injuries: associations with MRI-verified lesions of ligaments and membranes in the upper cervical spine. J Neurotrauma 22:1294\u20131302","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"1130_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2008.02.019","volume":"138","author":"SJ Kamper","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kamper SJ, Rebbeck TJ, Maher CG et al (2008) Course and prognostic factors of whiplash: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pain 138:617\u2013629","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"1130_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3999(93)90170-K","volume":"37","author":"S Karlehagen","year":"1993","unstructured":"Karlehagen S, Malt U, Hoff H et al (1993) The effect of major railway accidents on the psychological health of train drivers. J Psychosom Res 37:807\u2013817","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"1130_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpain.2004.11.011","volume":"9","author":"H Kasch","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kasch H, Qerama E, Bach FW et al (2005) Reduced cold pressor pain tolerance in non-recovered whiplash patients: a 1-year prospective study. Eur J Pain 9:561\u2013569","journal-title":"Eur J Pain"},{"key":"1130_CR30","unstructured":"Kori S, Miller R, Todd D (1990) Kinesphobia: a new view of chronic pain behaviour. Pain Management 35\u201343"},{"key":"1130_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1002\/pri.230","volume":"6","author":"E Kristjansson","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kristjansson E, Dall\u2019Alba P, Jull G (2001) Cervicocephalic kinaesthesia: reliability of a new test approach. Physiother Res Int 6:224\u2013235","journal-title":"Physiother Res Int"},{"key":"1130_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1191\/0269215503cr676oa","volume":"17","author":"E Kristjansson","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kristjansson E, Dall\u2019Alba P, Jull G (2003) A study of five cervicocephalic relocation tests in three different subject groups. Clin Rehabil 17:768\u2013774","journal-title":"Clin Rehabil"},{"key":"1130_CR33","first-page":"178","volume":"162","author":"LB Larsen","year":"2000","unstructured":"Larsen LB, Holm R (2000) Prolonged neck pain following automobile accidents. Gender and age related risk calculated on basis of data from an emergency department. Ugeskr Laeger 162:178\u2013181","journal-title":"Ugeskr Laeger"},{"key":"1130_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1177\/002215540305100206","volume":"51","author":"JX Liu","year":"2003","unstructured":"Liu JX, Thornell LE, Pedrosa-Domellof F (2003) Muscle spindles in the deep muscles of the human neck: a morphological and immunocytochemical study. J Histochem Cytochem 51:175\u2013186","journal-title":"J Histochem Cytochem"},{"key":"1130_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2005.10.010","volume":"117","author":"S Lovitt","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lovitt S, Moore SL, Marden FA (2006) The use of MRI in the evaluation of myopathy. Clin Neurophysiol 117:486\u2013495","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"1130_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4598(200009)23:9<1431::AID-MUS16>3.0.CO;2-P","volume":"23","author":"CM McDonald","year":"2000","unstructured":"McDonald CM, Carter G, Fritz RC (2000) Magnetic resonance imaging of denervated muscle: comparison to electromyography. Muscle Nerve 23:1431\u20131434","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"1130_CR37","first-page":"24","volume":"20","author":"JM McPartland","year":"1997","unstructured":"McPartland JM, Brodeur RR, Hallgren RC (1997) Chronic neck pain, standing balance, and suboccipital muscle atrophy\u2014a pilot study. J Manip Physiol Ther 20:24\u201329","journal-title":"J Manip Physiol Ther"},{"key":"1130_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2012","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31817bb0bd","volume":"33","author":"R Myran","year":"2008","unstructured":"Myran R, Kvistad KA, Nygaard OP et al (2008) Magnetic resonance imaging assessment of the alar ligaments in whiplash injuries: a case-control study. Spine 33:2012\u20132016","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"1130_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.66.3.273","volume":"66","author":"J Pearce","year":"1999","unstructured":"Pearce J (1999) A critical appraisal of the chronic whiplash syndrome. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 66:273\u2013276","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"1130_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/0268-0033(89)90042-9","volume":"4","author":"M Pearcy","year":"1989","unstructured":"Pearcy M, Hindle R (1989) New method for the non-invasive three-dimensional measurement of human back movement. Clin Biomech 4:73\u201379","journal-title":"Clin Biomech"},{"key":"1130_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200104010-00014","volume":"26","author":"JE Peebles","year":"2001","unstructured":"Peebles JE, McWilliams LA, MacLennan R (2001) A comparison of symptom checklist 90-revised profiles from patients with chronic pain from whiplash and patients with other musculoskeletal injuries. Spine 26:766\u2013770","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"1130_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.3109\/17453679409000906","volume":"65","author":"K Pettersson","year":"1994","unstructured":"Pettersson K, Hildingsson C, Toolanen G et al (1994) MRI and neurology in acute whiplash trauma. No correlation in prospective examination of 39 cases. Acta Orthopaed Scand 65:525\u2013528","journal-title":"Acta Orthopaed Scand"},{"key":"1130_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199702010-00010","volume":"22","author":"K Pettersson","year":"1997","unstructured":"Pettersson K, Hildingsson C, Toolanen G et al (1997) Disc pathology after whiplash injury. A prospective magnetic resonance imaging and clinical investigation. Spine 22:283\u2013287 discussion 8","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"1130_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200203010-00012","volume":"27","author":"R Pietrobon","year":"2002","unstructured":"Pietrobon R, Coeytaux RR, Carey TS et al (2002) Standard scales for measurement of functional outcome for cervical pain or dysfunction: a systematic review. Spine 27:515\u2013522","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"1130_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(95)00148-4","volume":"64","author":"B Radanov","year":"1996","unstructured":"Radanov B, Begre S, Sturzenegger M et al (1996) Course of psychological variables in whiplash injury\u2014a 2-year follow-up with age, gender and education in pair-matched patients. Pain 64:429\u2013434","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"1130_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9993(94)90115-5","volume":"75","author":"M Revel","year":"1994","unstructured":"Revel M, Minquet M, Gergory P et al (1994) Changes in cervicocephalic kinesthesia after a proprioceptive rehabilitation program in patients with neck pain: a randomized controlled study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 75:895\u2013899","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"1130_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-199509000-00006","volume":"74","author":"L Riley","year":"1995","unstructured":"Riley L, Long D, Riley L (1995) The science of whiplash. Medicine 74:298\u2013299","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"1130_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1097\/00002508-200503000-00009","volume":"21","author":"D Scott","year":"2005","unstructured":"Scott D, Jull G, Sterling M (2005) Widespread sensory hypersensitivity is a feature of chronic whiplash-associated disorder but not chronic idiopathic neck pain. Clin J Pain 21:175\u2013181","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"key":"1130_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199501000-00001","volume":"20","author":"W Spitzer","year":"1995","unstructured":"Spitzer W, Skovron M, Salmi L et al (1995) Scientific monograph of Quebec Task Force on whiplash associated disorders: redefining \u201cwhiplash\u201d and its management. Spine 20:1\u201373","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"1130_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(03)00078-2","volume":"104","author":"M Sterling","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sterling M, Jull G, Vicenzio B (2003) Sensory hypersensitivity occurs soon after whiplash injury and is associated with poor recovery. Pain 104:509\u2013517","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"1130_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(02)00420-7","volume":"103","author":"M Sterling","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sterling M, Jull G, Vicenzio B (2003) Development of motor dysfunction following whiplash injury. Pain 103:65\u201373","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"1130_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2006.01.014","volume":"122","author":"M Sterling","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sterling M, Jull G, Kenardy J (2006) Physical and psychological factors maintain long-term predictive capacity post-whiplash injury. Pain 122(1\u20132):102\u2013108","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"1130_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2004.12.005","volume":"114","author":"M Sterling","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sterling M, Jull G, Vicenzino B et al (2005) Physical and psychological factors predict outcome following whiplash injury. Pain 114:141\u2013148","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"1130_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2003.09.013","volume":"106","author":"M Sterling","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sterling M, Kenardy J, Jull G et al (2003) The development of psychological changes following whiplash injury. Pain 106:481\u2013489","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"3","key":"1130_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1300\/J094v10n03_05","volume":"10","author":"M Sterling","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sterling M, Treleaven J, Edwards S et al (2002) Pressure pain thresholds in chronic whiplash associated disorder: further evidence of altered central pain processing. J Musculoskelet Pain 10(3):69\u201381","journal-title":"J Musculoskelet Pain"},{"key":"1130_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2735","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199612010-00006","volume":"21","author":"LJ Stovner","year":"1996","unstructured":"Stovner LJ (1996) The nosologic status of the whiplash syndrome: a critical review based on a methodological approach. Spine 21:2735\u20132746","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"1130_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1097\/00002060-199905000-00009","volume":"78","author":"L Tesio","year":"1999","unstructured":"Tesio L, Alpini D, Cesarani A et al (1999) Short form of the Dizziness Handicap Inventory: construction and validation through Rasch analysis. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 78:233\u2013241","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"1130_CR58","first-page":"9","volume":"1","author":"C Tjell","year":"2002","unstructured":"Tjell C, Tenenbaum A, Sandstrom S (2002) Smooth Pursuit Neck Torsion Test\u2014a specific test for whiplash associated disorders? J Whiplash Relat Disord 1:9\u201324","journal-title":"J Whiplash Relat Disord"},{"key":"1130_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/16501970410024299","volume":"36","author":"J Treleaven","year":"2004","unstructured":"Treleaven J, Jull G, LowChoy N (2004) Smooth-pursuit neck torsion test in whiplash-associated disorders: relationship to self-reports of neck pain and disability, dizziness and anxiety. J Rehabil Med 36:1\u20135","journal-title":"J Rehabil Med"},{"key":"1130_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1080\/16501970510027989","volume":"37","author":"J Treleaven","year":"2005","unstructured":"Treleaven J, Jull G, Lowchoy N (2005) Standing balance in persistent whiplash: a comparison between subjects with and without dizziness. J Rehabil Med 37:224\u2013229","journal-title":"J Rehabil Med"},{"key":"1130_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1080\/16501970306109","volume":"35","author":"J Treleaven","year":"2003","unstructured":"Treleaven J, Jull G, Sterling M (2003) Dizziness and unsteadiness following whiplash injury: characteristic features and relationship with cervical joint position error. J Rehabil Med 35:36\u201343","journal-title":"J Rehabil Med"},{"key":"1130_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/0268-0033(95)00072-0","volume":"11","author":"P Trott","year":"1996","unstructured":"Trott P, Pearcy M, Ruston S et al (1996) Three-dimensional analysis of active cervical motion: the effect of age and gender. Clin Biomech 11:201\u2013206","journal-title":"Clin Biomech"},{"key":"1130_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-199709000-00026","volume":"21","author":"M Uetani","year":"1997","unstructured":"Uetani M, Hayashi K, Hashmi R (1997) Traction injuries of the brachial plexus: signal intensity changes of the posterior cervical paraspinal muscles on MRI. J Comput Assist Tomogr 21:790\u2013795","journal-title":"J Comput Assist Tomogr"},{"key":"1130_CR64","first-page":"409","volume":"14","author":"H Vernon","year":"1991","unstructured":"Vernon H, Mior S (1991) The Neck Disability Index: a study of reliability and validity. J Manip Physiol Ther 14:409\u2013415","journal-title":"J Manip Physiol Ther"},{"key":"1130_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(99)00242-0","volume":"85","author":"J Vlaeyen","year":"2000","unstructured":"Vlaeyen J, Linton S (2000) Fear-avoidance and its consequences in chronic musculoskeletal pain: a state of the art. Pain 85:317\u2013332","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"1130_CR66","volume-title":"SF-36 health survey: manual and interpretation guide","author":"J Ware","year":"1993","unstructured":"Ware J, Snow K, Kosinski M et al (1993) SF-36 health survey: manual and interpretation guide. The Health Institute, Boston, MA"}],"container-title":["European Spine Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00586-009-1130-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00586-009-1130-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00586-009-1130-6","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,29]],"date-time":"2019-05-29T03:24:12Z","timestamp":1559100252000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00586-009-1130-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,12]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,9]]}},"alternative-id":["1130"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-009-1130-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0940-6719","1432-0932"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0940-6719","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-0932","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,12]]}}}