{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T06:52:02Z","timestamp":1789195922537,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,15]],"date-time":"2016-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1468540800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010586","name":"Helse Bergen HF, Haukeland University Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010586","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Spine J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-016-4683-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,15]],"date-time":"2016-07-15T11:29:47Z","timestamp":1468582187000},"page":"404-413","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":82,"title":["The effectiveness of decompression alone compared with additional fusion for lumbar spinal stenosis with degenerative spondylolisthesis: a pragmatic comparative non-inferiority observational study from the Norwegian Registry for Spine Surgery"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Ivar M.","family":"Austevoll","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rolf","family":"Gjestad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens Ivar","family":"Brox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tore K.","family":"Solberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kjersti","family":"Storheim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frode","family":"Rekeland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erland","family":"Hermansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kari","family":"Indrekvam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Hellum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"4683_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2009.03.016","volume":"9","author":"WC Watters 3rd","year":"2009","unstructured":"Watters WC 3rd, Bono CM, Gilbert TJ, Kreiner DS, Mazanec DJ, Shaffer WO, Baisden J, Easa JE, Fernand R, Ghiselli G, Heggeness MH, Mendel RC, O\u2019Neill C, Reitman CA, Resnick DK, Summers JT, Timmons RB, Toton JF, North American Spine S (2009) An evidence-based clinical guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis. Spine J 9:609\u2013614","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"4683_CR2","first-page":"122","volume":"115","author":"J Cauchoix","year":"1976","unstructured":"Cauchoix J, Benoist M, Chassaing V (1976) Degenerative spondylolisthesis. Clin Orthop 115:122\u2013129","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"4683_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2256s","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199410151-00002","volume":"19","author":"SM Mardjetko","year":"1994","unstructured":"Mardjetko SM, Connolly PJ, Shott S (1994) Degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis. A meta-analysis of literature 1970\u20131993. Spine 19:2256s\u20132265s","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"4683_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2257","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa070302","volume":"356","author":"JN Weinstein","year":"2007","unstructured":"Weinstein JN, Lurie JD, Tosteson TD, Hanscom B, Tosteson AN, Blood EA, Birkmeyer NJ, Hilibrand AS, Herkowitz H, Cammisa FP, Albert TJ, Emery SE, Lenke LG, Abdu WA, Longley M, Errico TJ, Hu SS (2007) Surgical versus nonsurgical treatment for lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis. NEJM 356:2257\u20132270","journal-title":"NEJM"},{"key":"4683_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.H.00913","volume":"91","author":"JN Weinstein","year":"2009","unstructured":"Weinstein JN, Lurie JD, Tosteson TD, Zhao W, Blood EA, Tosteson AN, Birkmeyer N, Herkowitz H, Longley M, Lenke L, Emery S, Hu SS (2009) Surgical compared with nonoperative treatment for lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis. Four-year results in the Spine Patient Outcomes Research Trial (SPORT) randomized and observational cohorts. J Bone Jt Surg (Am) 91:1295\u20131304","journal-title":"J Bone Jt Surg (Am)"},{"key":"4683_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1903","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-014-3284-0","volume":"23","author":"AF Mannion","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mannion AF, Pittet V, Steiger F, Vader JP, Becker HJ, Porchet F (2014) Development of appropriateness criteria for the surgical treatment of symptomatic lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis (LDS). Eur Spine J 23:1903\u20131917","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"4683_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1791","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3180bc219e","volume":"32","author":"CR Martin","year":"2007","unstructured":"Martin CR, Gruszczynski AT, Braunsfurth HA, Fallatah SM, O\u2019Neil J, Wai EK (2007) The surgical management of degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis: a systematic review. Spine 32:1791\u20131798","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"4683_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.4.SPINE14274","volume":"21","author":"DK Resnick","year":"2014","unstructured":"Resnick DK, Watters WC 3rd, Sharan A, Mummaneni PV, Dailey AT, Wang JC, Choudhri TF, Eck J, Ghogawala Z, Groff MW, Dhall SS, Kaiser MG (2014) Guideline update for the performance of fusion procedures for degenerative disease of the lumbar spine. Part 9: lumbar fusion for stenosis with spondylolisthesis. J Neurosurg Spine 21:54\u201361","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"4683_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-013-3144-3","volume":"23","author":"F Steiger","year":"2014","unstructured":"Steiger F, Becker HJ, Standaert CJ, Balague F, Vader JP, Porchet F, Mannion AF (2014) Surgery in lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis: indications, outcomes and complications. A systematic review. Eur Spine J 23:945\u2013973","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"4683_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.338","volume":"303","author":"RA Deyo","year":"2010","unstructured":"Deyo RA, Mirza SK, Martin BI, Kreuter W, Goodman DC, Jarvik JG (2010) Trends, major medical complications, and charges associated with surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis in older adults. JAMA 303:1259\u20131265","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"4683_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1584","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000000486","volume":"39","author":"CK Kepler","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kepler CK, Vaccaro AR, Hilibrand AS, Anderson DG, Rihn JA, Albert TJ, Radcliff KE (2014) National trends in the use of fusion techniques to treat degenerative spondylolisthesis. Spine 39:1584\u20131589","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"4683_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000000161","volume":"39","author":"HS Chang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chang HS, Fujisawa N, Tsuchiya T, Oya S, Matsui T (2014) Degenerative spondylolisthesis does not affect the outcome of unilateral laminotomy with bilateral decompression in patients with lumbar stenosis. Spine 39:400\u2013408","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"4683_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.95B7.30776","volume":"95-B","author":"P Forsth","year":"2013","unstructured":"Forsth P, Michaelsson K, Sanden B (2013) Does fusion improve the outcome after decompressive surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis?: a two-year follow-up study involving 5390 patients. Bone Joint J 95-B:960\u2013965","journal-title":"Bone Joint J"},{"key":"4683_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2014.11.020","volume":"15","author":"FG Sigmundsson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sigmundsson FG, Jonsson B, Stromqvist B (2015) Outcome of decompression with and without fusion in spinal stenosis with degenerative spondylolisthesis in relation to preoperative pain pattern: a register study of 1624 patients. Spine J 15:638\u2013646","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"4683_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61602-X","volume":"370","author":"E Elm von","year":"2007","unstructured":"von Elm E, Altman DG, Egger M, Pocock SJ, Gotzsche PC, Vandenbroucke JP (2007) The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. Lancet 370:1453\u20131457","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"4683_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.3109\/17453674.2010.548024","volume":"82","author":"TK Solberg","year":"2011","unstructured":"Solberg TK, Sorlie A, Sjaavik K, Nygaard OP, Ingebrigtsen T (2011) Would loss to follow-up bias the outcome evaluation of patients operated for degenerative disorders of the lumbar spine? Acta Orthop 82:56\u201363","journal-title":"Acta Orthop"},{"key":"4683_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1080\/16501970306094","volume":"35","author":"M Grotle","year":"2003","unstructured":"Grotle M, Brox JI, Vollestad NK (2003) Cross-cultural adaptation of the Norwegian versions of the Roland\u2013Morris Disability Questionnaire and the Oswestry Disability Index. J Rehabil Med 35:241\u2013247","journal-title":"J Rehabil Med"},{"key":"4683_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2007.11.006","volume":"8","author":"AG Copay","year":"2008","unstructured":"Copay AG, Glassman SD, Subach BR, Berven S, Schuler TC, Carreon LY (2008) Minimum clinically important difference in lumbar spine surgery patients: a choice of methods using the Oswestry Disability Index, Medical Outcomes Study questionnaire Short Form 36, and pain scales. Spine J 8:968\u2013974","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"4683_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2009.09.009","volume":"63","author":"SJ Kamper","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kamper SJ, Ostelo RW, Knol DL, Maher CG, de Vet HC, Hancock MJ (2010) Global Perceived Effect scales provided reliable assessments of health transition in people with musculoskeletal disorders, but ratings are strongly influenced by current status. J Clin Epidemiol 63:760\u2013766","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"4683_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1080\/00273171.2011.568786","volume":"46","author":"PC Austin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Austin PC (2011) An introduction to Propensity score methods for reducing the effects of confounding in observational studies. Multivar Behav Res 46:399\u2013424","journal-title":"Multivar Behav Res"},{"key":"4683_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.7.2.147","volume":"7","author":"JL Schafer","year":"2002","unstructured":"Schafer JL, Graham JW (2002) Missing data: our view of the state of the art. Psychol Methods 7:147\u2013177","journal-title":"Psychol Methods"},{"key":"4683_CR22","volume-title":"Latent curve models: a structural equation perspective","author":"KA Bollen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bollen KA, Curran PJ (2006) Latent curve models: a structural equation perspective. Wiley, Hoboken"},{"key":"4683_CR23","unstructured":"Muth\u00e9n LK, Muth\u00e9n BO (2014) Mplus 7.3. In: Muth\u00e9n, Muth\u00e9n, 3463 Stoner Avenue, CA 90066, Los Angeles"},{"key":"4683_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2014.08.005","volume":"16","author":"N Katz","year":"2015","unstructured":"Katz N, Paillard FC, Van Inwegen R (2015) A review of the use of the number needed to treat to evaluate the efficacy of analgesics. J Pain 16:116\u2013123","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"key":"4683_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-2456(84)90116-8","volume":"5","author":"WC Blackwelder","year":"1984","unstructured":"Blackwelder WC, Chang MA (1984) Sample size graphs for \u201cproving the null hypothesis\u201d. Control Clin Trials 5:97\u2013105","journal-title":"Control Clin Trials"},{"key":"4683_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199173060-00002","volume":"73","author":"HN Herkowitz","year":"1991","unstructured":"Herkowitz HN, Kurz LT (1991) Degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis with spinal stenosis. A prospective study comparing decompression with decompression and intertransverse process arthrodesis. J Bone Joint Surg (Am) 73:802\u2013808","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg (Am)"},{"key":"4683_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1490","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.328.7454.1490","volume":"328","author":"D Atkins","year":"2004","unstructured":"Atkins D, Best D, Briss PA, Eccles M, Falck-Ytter Y, Flottorp S, Guyatt GH, Harbour RT, Haugh MC, Henry D, Hill S, Jaeschke R, Leng G, Liberati A, Magrini N, Mason J, Middleton P, Mrukowicz J, O\u2019Connell D, Oxman AD, Phillips B, Schunemann HJ, Edejer T, Varonen H, Vist GE, Williams JW Jr, Zaza S (2004) Grading quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. BMJ 328:1490","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"4683_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1513721","volume":"374","author":"P Forsth","year":"2016","unstructured":"Forsth P, Olafsson G, Carlsson T, Frost A, Borgstrom F, Fritzell P, Ohagen P, Michaelsson K, Sanden B (2016) A randomized, controlled trial of fusion surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis. NEJM 374:1413\u20131423","journal-title":"NEJM"},{"key":"4683_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1424","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1508788","volume":"374","author":"Z Ghogawala","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ghogawala Z, Dziura J, Butler WE, Dai F, Terrin N, Magge SN, Coumans JV, Harrington JF, Amin-Hanjani S, Schwartz JS, Sonntag VK, Barker FG 2nd, Benzel EC (2016) Laminectomy plus fusion versus laminectomy alone for lumbar spondylolisthesis. NEJM 374:1424\u20131434","journal-title":"NEJM"},{"key":"4683_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-011-1896-1","volume":"21","author":"FS Kleinstueck","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kleinstueck FS, Fekete TF, Mannion AF, Grob D, Porchet F, Mutter U, Jeszenszky D (2012) To fuse or not to fuse in lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis: do baseline symptoms help provide the answer? Eur Spine J 21:268\u2013275","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"4683_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.N.01332","volume":"98","author":"MC Inacio","year":"2016","unstructured":"Inacio MC, Paxton EW, Dillon MT (2016) Understanding Orthopaedic Registry Studies: a comparison with clinical studies. J Bone Jt Surg Am 98:e3","journal-title":"J Bone Jt Surg Am"},{"key":"4683_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-009-0947-3","volume":"18","author":"P Ekman","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ekman P, Moller H, Shalabi A, Yu YX, Hedlund R (2009) A prospective randomised study on the long-term effect of lumbar fusion on adjacent disc degeneration. Eur Spine J 18:1175\u20131186","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"4683_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000000437","volume":"39","author":"AF Mannion","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mannion AF, Leivseth G, Brox JI, Fritzell P, Hagg O, Fairbank JC (2014) ISSLS Prize winner: long-term follow-up suggests spinal fusion is associated with increased adjacent segment disc degeneration but without influence on clinical outcome: results of a combined follow-up from 4 randomized controlled trials. Spine 39:1373\u20131383","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"4683_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2351","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181b8a829","volume":"34","author":"WA Abdu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Abdu WA, Lurie JD, Spratt KF, Tosteson AN, Zhao W, Tosteson TD, Herkowitz H, Longely M, Boden SD, Emery S, Weinstein JN (2009) Degenerative spondylolisthesis: does fusion method influence outcome? Four-year results of the spine patient outcomes research trial. Spine 34:2351\u20132360","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"4683_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1996.85.5.0793","volume":"85","author":"MW Fox","year":"1996","unstructured":"Fox MW, Onofrio BM, Onofrio BM, Hanssen AD (1996) Clinical outcomes and radiological instability following decompressive lumbar laminectomy for degenerative spinal stenosis: a comparison of patients undergoing concomitant arthrodesis versus decompression alone. J Neurosurg 85:793\u2013802","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"4683_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1097\/01.BRS.0000119398.22620.92","volume":"29","author":"MB Kornblum","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kornblum MB, Fischgrund JS, Herkowitz HN, Abraham DA, Berkower DL, Ditkoff JS (2004) Degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis with spinal stenosis: a prospective long-term study comparing fusion and pseudarthrosis. Spine 29:726\u2013733 (discussion 733\u2013724)","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"4683_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-008-0695-9","volume":"17","author":"T Tsutsumimoto","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tsutsumimoto T, Shimogata M, Yoshimura Y, Misawa H (2008) Union versus nonunion after posterolateral lumbar fusion: a comparison of long-term surgical outcomes in patients with degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis. Eur Spine J 17:1107\u20131112","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"}],"container-title":["European Spine Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00586-016-4683-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00586-016-4683-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00586-016-4683-1","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00586-016-4683-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,17]],"date-time":"2020-05-17T01:22:02Z","timestamp":1589678522000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00586-016-4683-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,15]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]}},"alternative-id":["4683"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-016-4683-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0940-6719","1432-0932"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0940-6719","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-0932","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,15]]}}}