{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T22:34:42Z","timestamp":1788561282949,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,2]],"date-time":"2019-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546387200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"name":"Canadian Chiropractic Research Foundation"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013093","name":"Golden Key International Honour Society","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["Golden Key Graduate Scholar Award"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Golden Key Graduate Scholar Award"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013093","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Spine J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-018-5851-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,2]],"date-time":"2019-01-02T10:08:19Z","timestamp":1546423699000},"page":"259-269","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Differential patient responses to spinal manipulative therapy and their relation to spinal degeneration and post-treatment changes in disc diffusion"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5911-5756","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arnold Y. L.","family":"Wong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric C.","family":"Parent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sukhvinder S.","family":"Dhillon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Narasimha","family":"Prasad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dino","family":"Samartzis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory N.","family":"Kawchuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"5851_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)60692-4","volume":"386","author":"Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators","year":"2015","unstructured":"Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators (2015) Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990\u20132013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet 386:743\u2013800. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)60692-4","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"5851_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2012.03.006","volume":"26","author":"S Haldeman","year":"2012","unstructured":"Haldeman S, Kopansky-Giles D, Hurwitz EL et al (2012) Advancements in the management of spine disorders. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 26:263\u2013280. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.berh.2012.03.006","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"5851_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000000981","volume":"40","author":"AYL Wong","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wong AYL, Parent EC, Dhillon SS et al (2015) Do participants with low back pain who respond to spinal manipulative therapy differ biomechanically from nonresponders, untreated controls or asymptomatic controls? Spine 40:1329\u20131337. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BRS.0000000000000981","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"5851_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1772","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e318216337d","volume":"36","author":"JM Fritz","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fritz JM, Koppenhaver SL, Kawchuk GN et al (2011) Preliminary investigation of the mechanisms underlying the effects of manipulation: exploration of a multi-variate model including spinal stiffness, multifidus recruitment, and clinical findings. Spine 36:1772\u20131781. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BRS.0b013e318216337d","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"5851_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2011.3632","volume":"41","author":"SL Koppenhaver","year":"2011","unstructured":"Koppenhaver SL, Fritz JM, Hebert JJ et al (2011) Association between changes in abdominal and lumbar multifidus muscle thickness and clinical improvement after spinal manipulation. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 41:389\u2013399. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2519\/jospt.2011.3632","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"5851_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2593","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000146464.23007.2a","volume":"29","author":"A Long","year":"2004","unstructured":"Long A, Donelson R, Fung T (2004) Does it matter which exercise? A randomized control trial of exercise for low back pain. Spine 29:2593\u20132602","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"5851_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2014.10.004","volume":"16","author":"JM Beneciuk","year":"2015","unstructured":"Beneciuk JM, Robinson ME, George SZ (2015) Subgrouping for patients with low back pain: a multidimensional approach incorporating cluster analysis and the STarT Back Screening Tool. J Pain 16:19\u201330. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpain.2014.10.004","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"key":"5851_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738111415044","volume":"3","author":"JJ Hebert","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hebert JJ, Koppenhaver SL, Walker BF (2011) Subgrouping patients with low back pain: a treatment-based approach to classification. Sports Health 3:534\u2013542. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1941738111415044","journal-title":"Sports Health"},{"key":"5851_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-008-0770-2","volume":"17","author":"TS Jensen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jensen TS, Karppinen J, Sorensen JS et al (2008) Vertebral endplate signal changes (Modic change): a systematic literature review of prevalence and association with non-specific low back pain. Eur Spine J 17:1407\u20131422. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-008-0770-2","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"5851_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1312","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-006-0185-x","volume":"15","author":"P Kjaer","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kjaer P, Korsholm L, Bendix T et al (2006) Modic changes and their associations with clinical findings. Eur Spine J 15:1312\u20131319. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-006-0185-x","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"5851_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2271","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-012-2309-9","volume":"21","author":"RK Jensen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jensen RK, Leboeuf-Yde C, Wedderkopp N et al (2012) Is the development of Modic changes associated with clinical symptoms? A 14-month cohort study with MRI. Eur Spine J 21:2271\u20132279. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-012-2309-9","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"5851_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2568","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2014.02.018","volume":"14","author":"OK Jensen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jensen OK, Nielsen CV, S\u00f8rensen JS, Stengaard-Pedersen K (2014) Type 1 Modic changes was a significant risk factor for 1-year outcome in sick-listed low back pain patients: a nested cohort study using magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine. Spine J 14:2568\u20132581. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.spinee.2014.02.018","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"5851_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2004.02.011","volume":"22","author":"J Antoniou","year":"2004","unstructured":"Antoniou J, Demers CN, Beaudoin G et al (2004) Apparent diffusion coefficient of intervertebral discs related to matrix composition and integrity. Magn Reson Imaging 22:963\u2013972. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mri.2004.02.011","journal-title":"Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"5851_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2014.91","volume":"10","author":"Y-C Huang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Huang Y-C, Urban JPG, Luk KDK (2014) Intervertebral disc regeneration: do nutrients lead the way? Nat Rev Rheumatol 10:561\u2013566. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrrheum.2014.91","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"5851_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2835","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200212150-00021","volume":"27","author":"T Flynn","year":"2002","unstructured":"Flynn T, Fritz J, Whitman J et al (2002) A clinical prediction rule for classifying patients with low back pain who demonstrate short-term improvement with spinal manipulation. Spine 27:2835\u20132843. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.BRS.0000035681.33747.8D","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"5851_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2009.04.010","volume":"32","author":"MT Haneline","year":"2009","unstructured":"Haneline MT, Young M (2009) A review of intraexaminer and interexaminer reliability of static spinal palpation: a literature synthesis. J Manip Physiol Ther 32:379\u2013386. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jmpt.2009.04.010","journal-title":"J Manip Physiol Ther"},{"key":"5851_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31815e3a10","volume":"33","author":"RWJG Ostelo","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ostelo RWJG, Deyo RA, Stratford P et al (2008) Interpreting change scores for pain and functional status in low back pain: towards international consensus regarding minimal important change. Spine 33:90\u201394. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31815e3a10","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"5851_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/39.7.783","volume":"39","author":"ME Suarez-Almazor","year":"2000","unstructured":"Suarez-Almazor ME, Kendall C, Johnson JA, Skeith K, Vincent D (2000) Use of health status measures in patients with low back pain in clinical settings. Comparison of specific, generic and preference-based instruments. Rheumatology 39:783\u2013790. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/rheumatology\/39.7.783","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"5851_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/82.1.8","volume":"82","author":"M Davidson","year":"2002","unstructured":"Davidson M, Keating JL (2002) A comparison of five low back disability questionnaires: reliability and responsiveness. Phys Ther 82:8\u201324. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ptj\/82.1.8","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"5851_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-002-0464-0","volume":"12","author":"O Hagg","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hagg O, Fritzell P, Nordwall A (2003) The clinical importance of changes in outcome scores after treatment for chronic low back pain. Eur Spine J 12:12\u201320. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-002-0464-0","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"5851_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2010.01045.x","volume":"12","author":"MJ DePalma","year":"2011","unstructured":"DePalma MJ, Ketchum JM, Saullo T (2011) What is the source of chronic low back pain and does age play a role? Pain Med 12:224\u2013233. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2010.01045.x","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"5851_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000162396.97739.76","volume":"30","author":"P Kjaer","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kjaer P, Leboeuf-Yde C, Korsholm L et al (2005) Magnetic resonance imaging and low back pain in adults: a diagnostic imaging study of 40-year-old men and women. Spine 30:1173\u20131180. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.brs.0000162396.97739.76","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"5851_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1007\/s002560050503","volume":"28","author":"D Weishaupt","year":"1999","unstructured":"Weishaupt D, Zanetti M, Boos N, Hodler J (1999) MR imaging and CT in osteoarthritis of the lumbar facet joints. Skelet Radiol 28:215\u2013219. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s002560050503","journal-title":"Skelet Radiol"},{"key":"5851_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-005-0954-y","volume":"15","author":"A Kettler","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kettler A, Wilke HJ (2006) Review of existing grading systems for cervical or lumbar disc and facet joint degeneration. Eur Spine J 15:705\u2013718. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-005-0954-y","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"5851_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1873","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200109010-00011","volume":"26","author":"C Pfirrmann","year":"2001","unstructured":"Pfirrmann C, Metzdorf A, Zanetti M et al (2001) Magnetic resonance classification of lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration. Spine 26:1873\u20131878. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00007632-200109010-00011","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"5851_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1080\/02841850701422112","volume":"48","author":"TS Jensen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Jensen TS, S\u00f8rensen JS, Kjaer P (2007) Intra- and interobserver reproducibility of vertebral endplate signal (modic) changes in the lumbar spine: the Nordic Modic Consensus Group classification. Acta Radiol 48:748\u2013754. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02841850701422112","journal-title":"Acta Radiol"},{"key":"5851_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.166.1.3336678","volume":"166","author":"MT Modic","year":"1988","unstructured":"Modic MT, Steinberg PM, Ross JS et al (1988) Degenerative disk disease: assessment of changes in vertebral body marrow with MR imaging. J Bone Joint Surg Am 166:193\u2013199. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/radiology.166.1.3336678","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"5851_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.4329\/wjr.v7.i8.194","volume":"7","author":"A Maataoui","year":"2015","unstructured":"Maataoui A, Vogl TJ, Khan MF (2015) Magnetic resonance imaging-based interpretation of degenerative changes in the lower lumbar segments and therapeutic consequences. World J Radiol 7:194\u2013197. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4329\/wjr.v7.i8.194","journal-title":"World J Radiol"},{"key":"5851_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1933","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2015.06.056","volume":"15","author":"JH M\u00e4\u00e4tt\u00e4","year":"2015","unstructured":"M\u00e4\u00e4tt\u00e4 JH, Karppinen JI, Luk KDK et al (2015) Phenotype profiling of Modic changes of the lumbar spine and its association with other MRI phenotypes: a large-scale population-based study. Spine J 15:1933\u20131942. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.spinee.2015.06.056","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"5851_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1635539","volume":"27","author":"T Gjorup","year":"1988","unstructured":"Gjorup T (1988) The kappa coefficient and the prevalence of a diagnosis. Methods Inf Med 27:184\u2013186","journal-title":"Methods Inf Med"},{"key":"5851_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-013-1294-y","volume":"56","author":"FM Kovacs","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kovacs FM, Arana E, Royuela A et al (2014) Disc degeneration and chronic low back pain: an association which becomes nonsignificant when endplate changes and disc contour are taken into account. Neuroradiology 56:25\u201333. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00234-013-1294-y","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"5851_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-009-1257-5","volume":"19","author":"L Kalichman","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kalichman L, Hodges P, Li L et al (2010) Changes in paraspinal muscles and their association with low back pain and spinal degeneration: CT study. Eur Spine J 19:1136\u20131144. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-009-1257-5","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"5851_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.2307\/2529310","volume":"33","author":"JR Landis","year":"1977","unstructured":"Landis JR, Koch GG (1977) The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics 33:159\u2013174. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/2529310","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"5851_CR34","volume-title":"Foundations of clinical research applications to practice","author":"LG Portney","year":"2009","unstructured":"Portney LG, Watkins MP (2009) Foundations of clinical research applications to practice, 3rd edn. Pearson Education Inc, New Jersey","edition":"3"},{"key":"5851_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1037\/a0024338","volume":"141","author":"CO Fritz","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fritz CO, Morris PE, Richler JJ (2012) Effect size estimates: current use, calculations, and interpretation. J Exp Psychol Gen 141:2\u201318. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0024338","journal-title":"J Exp Psychol Gen"},{"key":"5851_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1002\/bimj.200410135","volume":"47","author":"R Fluss","year":"2005","unstructured":"Fluss R, Faraggi D, Reiser B (2005) Estimation of the Youden index and its associated cutoff point. Biom J 47:458\u2013472. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bimj.200410135","journal-title":"Biom J"},{"key":"5851_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/74.8.777","volume":"74","author":"M Eliasziw","year":"1994","unstructured":"Eliasziw M, Young SL, Woodbury MG, Fryday-Field K (1994) Statistical methodology for the concurrent assessment of interrater and intrarater reliability: using goniometric measurements as an example. Phys Ther 74:777\u2013788","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"5851_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/107735201800339434","volume-title":"The essentials of statistics: a tool for social research","author":"JF Healey","year":"2007","unstructured":"Healey JF (2007) The essentials of statistics: a tool for social research. Nelson Education, Toronto. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1179\/107735201800339434"},{"issue":"28","key":"5851_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03203630","volume":"1996","author":"E Erdfelder","year":"1996","unstructured":"Erdfelder E, Faul F, Buchner A (1996) GPower: a general power analysis program. Behav Res Methods Instrum Comput 1996(28):1\u201311. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/BF03203630","journal-title":"Behav Res Methods Instrum Comput"},{"key":"5851_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2013.10.019","volume":"22","author":"M Teraguchi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Teraguchi M, Yoshimura N, Hashizume H et al (2014) Prevalence and distribution of intervertebral disc degeneration over the entire spine in a population-based cohort: the Wakayama Spine Study. Osteoarthr Cartil 22:104\u2013110. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joca.2013.10.019","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"issue":"11","key":"5851_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2442","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-014-3721-0","volume":"24","author":"HJ Yu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yu HJ, Bahri S, Gardner V, Muftuler LT (2015) In vivo quantification of lumbar disc degeneration: assessment of ADC value using a degenerative scoring system based on Pfirrmann framework. Eur Spine J 24(11):2442\u20132448. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-014-3721-0","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"1","key":"5851_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-4-497","volume":"4","author":"C Weiler","year":"2011","unstructured":"Weiler C, Lopez-Ramos M, Mayer HM et al (2011) Histological analysis of surgical lumbar intervertebral disc tissue provides evidence for an association between disc degeneration and increased body mass index. BMC Res Notes 4(1):497. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1756-0500-4-497","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"key":"5851_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2012.04.018","volume":"35","author":"CJ Colloca","year":"2012","unstructured":"Colloca CJ, Gunzburg R, Freeman BJ et al (2012) Biomechancial quantification of pathologic manipulable spinal lesions: an in vivo ovine model of spondylolysis and intervertebral disc degeneration. J Manip Physiol Ther 35:354\u2013366. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jmpt.2012.04.018","journal-title":"J Manip Physiol Ther"},{"key":"5851_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1613","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2014.05.002","volume":"95","author":"F Vietra-Peltenz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Vietra-Peltenz F, Olivia-Pascual-Vaca A, Rodriguez-Blanco C et al (2014) Short-term effect of spinal manipulation on pain perception, spinal mobility, and full height recovery in male subjects with degenerative disk disease: a randomized controlled trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 95:1613\u20131619. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2014.05.002","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"5851_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-013-2674-z","volume":"22","author":"HB Albert","year":"2013","unstructured":"Albert HB, Lambert P, Rollason J et al (2013) Does nuclear tissue infected with bacteria following disc herniations lead to Modic changes in the adjacent vertebrae? Eur Spine J 22:690\u2013696. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-013-2674-z","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"5851_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2013.06.075","volume":"14","author":"D Samartzis","year":"2014","unstructured":"Samartzis D, Liebenberg EC, Fong DY (2014) Innervation of pathologies in the lumbar vertebral end plate and intervertebral disc. Spine J 14:513\u2013521. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.spinee.2013.06.075","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"5851_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.math.2005.02.001","volume":"11","author":"W Dankaerts","year":"2006","unstructured":"Dankaerts W, O\u2019Sullivan PB, Straker LM et al (2006) The inter-examiner reliability of a classification method for non-specific chronic low back pain patients with motor control impairment. Man Ther 11:28\u201339. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.math.2005.02.001","journal-title":"Man Ther"},{"key":"5851_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/85.3.206","volume":"85","author":"A Delitto","year":"2005","unstructured":"Delitto A (2005) Research in low back pain: time to stop seeking the elusive \u201cmagic bullet\u201d. Phys Ther 85:206\u2013208","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"5851_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1179\/108331904225003955","volume":"9","author":"CJ McCarthy","year":"2013","unstructured":"McCarthy CJ, Arnall FA, Strimpakos N et al (2013) The biopsychosocial classification of non-specific low back pain: a systematic review. Phys Ther Rev 9:17\u201330. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1179\/108331904225003955","journal-title":"Phys Ther Rev"},{"key":"5851_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.math.2005.07.001","volume":"10","author":"P O\u2019Sullivan","year":"2005","unstructured":"O\u2019Sullivan P (2005) Diagnosis and classification of chronic low back pain disorders: maladaptive movement and motor control impairments as underlying mechanism. Man Ther 10:242\u2013255. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.math.2005.07.001","journal-title":"Man Ther"},{"key":"5851_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2004.34.3.105","volume-title":"Mechanical diagnosis and therapy: the lumbar spine","author":"RA McKenzie","year":"2003","unstructured":"McKenzie RA, May S (2003) Mechanical diagnosis and therapy: the lumbar spine, 2nd edn. Spinal Publications, Waikanae. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2519\/jospt.2004.34.3.105","edition":"2"},{"key":"5851_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(93)90127-B","volume":"52","author":"G Waddell","year":"1993","unstructured":"Waddell G, Newton M, Henderson I et al (1993) A Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ) and the role of fear-avoidance beliefs in chronic low back pain and disability. Pain 52:157\u2013168","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"5851_CR53","first-page":"174","volume":"165","author":"M Mondloch","year":"2001","unstructured":"Mondloch M (2001) Does how you do depend on how you think you\u2019ll do? A systematic review of the evidence for a relation between patients\u201d recovery expectations and health outcomes. CMAJ 165:174\u2013179","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"5851_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.09.001","volume":"14","author":"JE Bialosky","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bialosky JE, Bishop MD, Price DD et al (2009) The mechanisms of manual therapy in the treatment of musculoskeletal pain: a comprehensive model. Man Ther 14:531\u2013538. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.math.2008.09.001","journal-title":"Man Ther"}],"container-title":["European Spine Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00586-018-5851-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00586-018-5851-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00586-018-5851-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T19:17:08Z","timestamp":1577906228000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00586-018-5851-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,2]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]}},"alternative-id":["5851"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-018-5851-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["0940-6719","1432-0932"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0940-6719","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-0932","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 November 2017","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 November 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 January 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors have no potential conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}