{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T10:55:15Z","timestamp":1789037715904,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,7]],"date-time":"2019-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1549497600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Spine J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-019-05907-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,7]],"date-time":"2019-02-07T01:15:53Z","timestamp":1549502153000},"page":"1217-1224","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Physical performance decreases in the early stage of cervical myelopathy before the myelopathic signs appear: the Wakayama Spine Study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Keiji","family":"Nagata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noriko","family":"Yoshimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9064-0284","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Hashizume","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Yamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuyu","family":"Ishimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shigeyuki","family":"Muraki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yukihiro","family":"Nakagawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akihito","family":"Minamide","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Oka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Kawaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sakae","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kozo","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Munehito","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"5907_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.3949\/ccjm.70.10.899","volume":"70","author":"WE McCormick","year":"2009","unstructured":"McCormick WE, Steinmetz MP, Benzel EC (2009) Cervical spondylotic myelopathy: make the difficult diagnosis, then refer for surgery. Cleve Clin J Med 70:899\u2013904","journal-title":"Cleve Clin J Med"},{"key":"5907_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.3109\/09593980902750915","volume":"26","author":"D Pastor","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pastor D (2010) Use of electrical stimulation and exercise to increase muscle strength in a patient after surgery for cervical spondylotic myelopathy. Physiother Theory Pract 26:134\u2013142. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/09593980902750915","journal-title":"Physiother Theory Pract"},{"key":"5907_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1892","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31825a2619","volume":"37","author":"K Nagata","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nagata K, Yoshimura N, Yoshida M (2012) Prevalence of cervical cord compression and its association with physical performance in a population-based cohort in Japan: the Wakayama Spine Study. Spine 37:1892\u20131898. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31825a2619","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"5907_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/79.3.483","volume":"79","author":"E Clarke","year":"1956","unstructured":"Clarke E, Robinson PK (1956) Cervical myelopathy: a complication of cervical spondylosis. Brain 79:483\u2013510. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/79.3.483","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"5907_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.36.5.879","volume":"36","author":"DG Phillips","year":"1973","unstructured":"Phillips DG (1973) Surgical treatment of myelopathy with cervical spondylosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 36:879\u2013884","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"5907_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.17.2.117","volume":"17","author":"L Symon","year":"1967","unstructured":"Symon L, Lavender P (1967) The surgical treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy. Neurology 17:117\u2013127","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"5907_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1592","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200107150-00021","volume":"26","author":"M Matsumoto","year":"2001","unstructured":"Matsumoto M, Chiba K, Ishikawa M, Maruiwa H, Fujimura Y, Toyama Y (2001) Relationships between outcomes of conservative treatment and magnetic resonance imaging findings in patients with mild cervical myelopathy caused by soft disc herniations. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 26:1592\u20131598","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"5907_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2012.06.018","volume":"20","author":"Y Ishimoto","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ishimoto Y, Yoshimura N, Muraki S et al (2012) Prevalence of symptomatic lumbar spinal stenosis and its association with physical performance in a population-based cohort in Japan: the Wakayama Spine Study. Osteoarthr Cartil 20:1103\u20131108. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joca.2012.06.018","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"key":"5907_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.3171\/SPI\/2008\/9\/9\/237","volume":"9","author":"JK Houten","year":"2008","unstructured":"Houten JK, Noce LA (2008) Clinical correlations of cervical myelopathy and the Hoffmann sign. J Neurosurg Spine 9:237\u2013242. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/SPI\/2008\/9\/9\/237","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"5907_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200101010-00013","volume":"26","author":"RD Sung","year":"2001","unstructured":"Sung RD, Wang JC (2001) Correlation between a positive Hoffmann\u2019s reflex and cervical pathology in asymptomatic individuals. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 26:67\u201370","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"5907_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31819c944b","volume":"34","author":"JM Rhee","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rhee JM, Heflin JA, Hamasaki T, Freedman B (2009) Prevalence of physical signs in cervical myelopathy: a prospective, controlled study. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 34:890\u2013895. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31819c944b","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"5907_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S14","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000215380.71097.EC","volume":"60","author":"JS Harrop","year":"2007","unstructured":"Harrop JS, Hanna A, Silva MT, Sharan A (2007) Neurological manifestations of cervical spondylosis: an overview of signs, symptoms, and pathophysiology. Neurosurgery 60:S14\u2013S20. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1227\/01.NEU.0000215380.71097.EC","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"5907_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200003150-00005","volume":"25","author":"M Matsumoto","year":"2000","unstructured":"Matsumoto M, Toyama Y, Ishikawa M et al (2000) Increased signal intensity of the spinal cord on magnetic resonance images in cervical compressive myelopathy. Does it predict the outcome of conservative treatment? Spine 25:677\u2013682","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"5907_CR14","first-page":"1064","volume":"62","author":"WF Young","year":"2000","unstructured":"Young WF (2000) Cervical spondylotic myelopathy: a common cause of spinal cord dysfunction in older persons. Am Fam Physician 62:1064\u20131070","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"5907_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.164.1.3588931","volume":"164","author":"LM Teresi","year":"1987","unstructured":"Teresi LM, Lufkin RB, Reicher MA et al (1987) Asymptomatic degenerative disk disease and spondylosis of the cervical spine: MR imaging. Radiology 164:83\u201388. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/radiology.164.1.3588931","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"5907_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2016.11.141","volume":"99","author":"RS Rindler","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rindler RS, Chokshi FH, Malcolm JG et al (2017) Spinal diffusion tensor imaging in evaluation of preoperative and postoperative severity of cervical spondylotic myelopathy: systematic review of literature. World Neurosurg 99:150\u2013158","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"5907_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1839","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-018-5579-z","volume":"27","author":"F Dong","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dong F, Wu Y, Song P, Qian Y et al (2018) A preliminary study of 3.0-T magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging in cervical spondylotic myelopathy. Eur Spine J 27:1839\u20131845","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"5907_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1","DOI":"10.3171\/2013.3.FOCUS1374","volume":"35","author":"E Behrbalk","year":"2013","unstructured":"Behrbalk E, Salame K, Regev GJ, Keynan O, Boszczyk B, Lidar Z (2013) Delayed diagnosis of cervical spondylotic myelopathy by primary care physician. Neurosurg Focus 35:E1. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2013.3.FOCUS1374","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"key":"5907_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1995.82.5.0745","volume":"82","author":"MJ Ebersold","year":"1995","unstructured":"Ebersold MJ, Pare MC, Quast LM (1995) Surgical treatment for cervical spondylitic myelopathy. J Neurosurg 82:745\u2013751. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/jns.1995.82.5.0745","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"5907_CR20","first-page":"99","volume":"44","author":"MD Law Jr","year":"1995","unstructured":"Law MD Jr, Bernhardt M, White AA III (1995) Evaluation and management of cervical spondylotic myelopathy. Instr Course Lect 44:99\u2013110","journal-title":"Instr Course Lect"},{"key":"5907_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199301000-00016","volume":"75","author":"M Bernhardt","year":"1993","unstructured":"Bernhardt M, Hynes RA, Blume HW, White AA III (1993) Cervical spondylotic myelopathy. J Bone Joint Surg Am 75:119\u2013128","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"5907_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.3171\/2009.1.SPINE08718","volume":"11","author":"LT Holly","year":"2009","unstructured":"Holly LT, Matz PG, Anderson PA et al (2009) Clinical prognostic indicators of surgical outcome in cervical spondylotic myelopathy. J Neurosurg Spine 11:112\u2013118. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2009.1.SPINE08718","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"5907_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2205","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200210150-00003","volume":"27","author":"Z Kadanka","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kadanka Z, Mares M, Bednanik J et al (2002) Approaches to spondylotic cervical myelopathy: conservative versus surgical results in a 3-year follow-up study. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 27:2205\u20132211","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"5907_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1872","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200210000-00021","volume":"84-A","author":"R Rao","year":"2002","unstructured":"Rao R (2002) Neck pain, cervical radiculopathy, and cervical myelopathy: pathophysiology, natural history, and clinical evaluation. J Bone Joint Surg Am 84-A:1872\u20131881","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"5907_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01401231","volume":"81","author":"J Wiberg","year":"1986","unstructured":"Wiberg J (1986) Effects of surgery on cervical spondylotic myelopathy. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 81:113\u2013117","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"5907_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.3171\/2009.1.SPINE08726","volume":"11","author":"PG Matz","year":"2009","unstructured":"Matz PG, Anderson PA, Groff MW et al (2009) Cervical laminoplasty for the treatment of cervical degenerative myelopathy. J Neurosurg Spine 11:157\u2013169. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2009.1.SPINE08726","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"5907_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31818e2b19","volume":"34","author":"Y Yukawa","year":"2009","unstructured":"Yukawa Y, Kato F, Ito K et al (2009) \u201cTen Second Step Test\u201d, as a new quantifiable parameter of cervical myelopathy. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 34:82\u201386. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-012-2241-z","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"}],"container-title":["European Spine Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00586-019-05907-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00586-019-05907-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00586-019-05907-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,6]],"date-time":"2020-02-06T19:08:07Z","timestamp":1581016087000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00586-019-05907-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,7]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]}},"alternative-id":["5907"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-019-05907-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["0940-6719","1432-0932"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0940-6719","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-0932","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 August 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 January 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 February 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"None.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}}]}}