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Selected were all prospective controlled studies including patients\u2009&gt;\u200965\u00a0years of age and reporting on at least one main outcome. Main outcomes were pain, disability and quality of life (QOL) 1\u00a0day post-intervention and at 6\u00a0months postoperatively. Excluded were meta-analyses or reviews, retrospective or non-controlled studies, case studies, patients\u2019 groups with neoplastic and\/or traumatic fractures and\/or neurologically compromised patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eighteen studies comprising 2165 patients (<jats:italic>n\u2009<\/jats:italic>=\u20091117 percutaneous cement augmentation,<jats:italic>n\u2009<\/jats:italic>=\u2009800 conservative treatment (CT),<jats:italic>n\u2009<\/jats:italic>=\u2009248 placebo) with a mean follow-up of up to 12\u00a0months were included. Pooled results showed significant pain relief in favor of percutaneous cement augmentation compared to CT, direct postoperative and at 6\u00a0months follow-up. At 6\u00a0months, a significant difference was observed for functional disability scores in favor of percutaneous cement augmentation. When comparing percutaneous cement augmentation to placebo, no significant differences were observed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This review incorporates all current available evidence (RCTs and non-RCTs) on the efficacy of percutaneous cement augmentation in the treatment of OVFs in the elderly. Despite methodological heterogeneity of the included studies, this review shows overall significant sustained pain relief and superior functional effect in the short- and long term for percutaneous cement augmentation compared to conservative treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Graphic abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>These slides can be retrieved under Electronic Supplementary Material.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-020-06391-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,2]],"date-time":"2020-04-02T17:03:11Z","timestamp":1585846991000},"page":"1553-1572","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Percutaneous cement augmentation in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral fractures (OVFs) in the elderly: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"I.","family":"Sanli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. 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