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AAS declares financial interests: Royalties: Ortho Development Corp; Private investments: Vestia Ventures MiRUS Investment LLC, ISPH II LLC, ISPH 3 LLC, VBros Venture Partners X Centinel Spine; Consulting: Clariance Inc, Kuros Bioscience AG, Medical Device Business Services Inc.; Speaking and Teaching Arrangements: DePuy Synthes Products Inc.; Trips\/Travel: Medical Device Business Services Inc; Research Support: Spinal Kinetcs Inc.FPC declares financial interests:\u00a0Royalties: NuVasive Inc; Private investments: Bonovo Orthopedics Inc, Healthpoint Capital Partners LP, ISPH II LLC, Ivy Healthcare Capital Partners LLC, Medical Device Partners II LLC, Medical Device Partners III LLC, Orthobond Corporation, Spine Biopharma LLC, Tissue Differentiation Intelligence LLC, VBVP VI LLC, Woven Orthopedics Technologies; Consulting: 4Web Medical\/4Web Inc, Spine Biopharma LLC, Research Support: 4Web Medical\/4Web Inc, Beatrice & Samuel A. Seaver Foundation; Non-financial interests:\u00a0Scientific Advisory Board: Healthpoint Capital Partners LP, Orthobond Corporation, Spine Biopharma LLC, Woven Orthopedic Technologies. FPG declares financial interests:\u00a0Royalties: NuVasive Inc, Ortho Development Corp, Zimmer Biomet Holdings INC; Stock Ownership: Bonovo Orthopedics Inc, Liventa Bioscience (AF Cell Medical), Paradigm Spine LLC, Healthpoint Capital Partners LP, Alphatec Holdings LLC, LANX Inc, Centinel Spine Inc (fka Raymedica LLC), Tissue Differentiation Intelligence LLC, Spine Kinetics Inc; Consulting: DePuy Synthes Spine, NuVasive Inc, Non-financial interests: Consulting: EIT Emerging Implant Technologies, Spineart USA Inc, Ethicon Inc,. APH declares financial interests:\u00a0Research Support: 4Web Medical; Fellowship Support: NuVasive Inc, Kuros Bioscience B.V.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The datasets generated during and\/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Data availability"}},{"value":"The device(s)\/drug(s) is\/are FDA-approved or approved by the corresponding national agency for this indication. This study was approved by our hospital\u2019s Institutional Review Board (IRB# 2014\u2013097).","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Individual informed consent was waived due to the retrospective nature of this study.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}