{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T16:53:18Z","timestamp":1791910398420,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,24]],"date-time":"2021-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635033600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,24]],"date-time":"2021-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635033600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["8186043"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["8186043"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the \u201cSpecial and Joint Program\u201d of Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department & Kunming Medical University","award":["2017FE467(-009)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017FE467(-009)"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Spine J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-021-07028-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,26]],"date-time":"2021-10-26T11:48:01Z","timestamp":1635248881000},"page":"79-87","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Development and initial validation of classification for severe spinal deformity based on X-ray features"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"TingBiao","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"YingSong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JingMing","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"ZhiYue","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ni","family":"Bi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"7028_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198365090-00012","volume":"65","author":"HA King","year":"1983","unstructured":"King HA, Moe JH, Bradford DS et al (1983) The selection of fusion levels in thoracic idiopathic scoliosis. J Bone Joint Surg Am 65:1302\u20131313","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"7028_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200108000-00006","volume":"83","author":"LG Lenke","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lenke LG, Betz RR, Harms J et al (2001) Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a new classification to determine extent of spinal arthrodesis. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 83:1169\u20131181","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"issue":"22","key":"7028_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E836","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e318187bb10","volume":"33","author":"G Qiu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Qiu G, Li Q, Wang Y et al (2008) Comparison of reliability between the PUMC and Lenke classification systems for classifying adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Spine 33(22):E836-842","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"18","key":"7028_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2109","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000231725.38943.ab","volume":"31","author":"F Schwab","year":"2006","unstructured":"Schwab F, Farcy JP, Bridwell K et al (2006) A clinical impact classification of scoliosis in the adult. Spine 31(18):2109\u20132114","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"3","key":"7028_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1","DOI":"10.3171\/2010.1.FOCUS09271","volume":"28","author":"FE Silva","year":"2010","unstructured":"Silva FE, Lenke LG (2010) Adult degenerative scoliosis: evaluation and management. Neurosurg Focus 28(3):E1","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"issue":"17","key":"7028_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1756","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181ac0045","volume":"34","author":"N Kawakami","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kawakami N, Tsuji T, Imagama S et al (2009) Spinal deformity study group classification of congenital scoliosis and kyphosis: a new approach to the three-dimensional classification for progressive vertebral anomalies requiring operative treatment. Spine. 34(17):1756\u20131765","journal-title":"Spine."},{"issue":"16","key":"7028_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.M.00253","volume":"96","author":"BA Williams","year":"2014","unstructured":"Williams BA, Matsumoto H, McCalla DJ et al (2014) Development and initial validation of the classification of early-onset scoliosis (C-EOS). J Bone Joint Surg Am 96(16):1359\u20131367","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"6","key":"7028_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1821","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-015-4367-2","volume":"25","author":"JL Yang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yang JL, Huang ZF, Yin JQ et al (2016) A proposed classification system for guiding surgical strategy in cases of severe spinal deformity based on spinal cord function. Eur Spine J 25(6):1821\u20131829","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"6","key":"7028_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-019-05963-w","volume":"28","author":"IO Karikari","year":"2019","unstructured":"Karikari IO, Pang H, Yankey KP et al (2019) A novel radiographic classification of severe spinal curvatures exceeding 100\u00b0: the Omega (\u03a9), gamma (\u03b3) and alpha (\u03b1) deformities. Eur Spine J 28(6):1265\u20131276","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"2","key":"7028_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/126.2.161","volume":"126","author":"M Maclure","year":"1987","unstructured":"Maclure M, Willett WC (1987) Misinterpretation and misuse of the kappa statistic. Am J Epidemiol 126(2):161\u2013169","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"7028_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-014-3752-6","volume":"25","author":"Y Wang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wang Y, Xie J, Zhao Z et al (2016) Preoperative short-term traction prior to posterior vertebral column resection: procedure and role. Eur Spine J 25(3):687\u2013697","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"2","key":"7028_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230949901771393","DOI":"10.1177\/2309499017713939","volume":"25","author":"JM Xie","year":"2017","unstructured":"Xie JM, Chen ZQ, Shen JX et al (2017) Expert consensus for PVCR in severe, rigid and angular spinal deformity treatment: the kunming consensus. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong) 25(2):2309499017713939","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong)"},{"issue":"25","key":"7028_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2186","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181feab19","volume":"35","author":"DJ Sucato","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sucato DJ (2010) Management of severe spinal deformity: scoliosis and kyphosis. Spine 35(25):2186\u20132192","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"14","key":"7028_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31824fffde","volume":"37","author":"JD Auerbach","year":"2012","unstructured":"Auerbach JD, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH et al (2012) Major complications and comparison between 3-column osteotomy techniques in 105 consecutive spinal deformity procedures. Spine 37(14):1198\u20131210","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"1","key":"7028_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-013-2793-6","volume":"23","author":"JM Xie","year":"2014","unstructured":"Xie JM, Zhang Y, Wang YS et al (2014) The risk factors of neurologic deficits of one-stage posterior vertebral column resection for patients with severe and rigid spinal deformities. Eur Spine J 23(1):149\u2013156","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"16","key":"7028_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000000995","volume":"40","author":"Y Wang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wang Y, Xie J, Zhao Z et al (2015) Perioperative major non-neurological complications in 105 patients undergoing posterior vertebral column resection procedures for severe rigid deformities. Spine 40(16):1289\u20131296","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"9","key":"7028_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000002906","volume":"44","author":"S Iyer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Iyer S, Boachie-Adjei O, Duah HO et al (2019) Halo gravity traction can mitigate preoperative risk factors and early surgical complications in complex spine deformity. Spine 44(9):629\u2013636","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"4","key":"7028_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2014.11.023","volume":"15","author":"J Xie","year":"2015","unstructured":"Xie J, Lenke LG, Li T et al (2015) Preliminary investigation of high-dose tranexamic acid for controlling intraoperative blood loss in patients undergoing spine correction surgery. Spine J 15(4):647\u2013654","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"7028_CR19","unstructured":"Lenke LG, Boachie-Adjie O, Sucato DJ, et al (2014) The deformity angular ratio accurately predicts risk of intraoperative spinal cord monitoring alerts during surgery for severe pediatric spinal deformity. E-poster presented at: SRS 49th Annual Meeting; Anchorage, AK."},{"issue":"18","key":"7028_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000001547","volume":"41","author":"XB Wang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wang XB, Lenke LG, Thuet E et al (2016) Deformity angular ratio describes the severity of spinal deformity and predicts the risk of neurologic deficit in posterior vertebral column resection surgery. Spine 41(18):1447\u20131455","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"15","key":"7028_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000000984","volume":"40","author":"ND Lewis","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lewis ND, Keshen SG, Lenke LG et al (2015) The deformity angular ratio: does it correlate with high-risk cases for potential spinal cord monitoring alerts in pediatric 3-Column thoracic spinal deformity corrective surgery? Spine 40(15):879\u2013885","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"23","key":"7028_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000002210","volume":"42","author":"H Fan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fan H, Li X, Huang Z et al (2017) Radiologic parameters can affect the preoperative decision making of three-column spinal osteotomies in the treatment of severe and stiff kyphoscoliosis. Spine 42(23):1371\u20131379","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"1","key":"7028_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-020-02012-8","volume":"20","author":"J Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen J, Shao XX, Sui WY et al (2020) Risk factors for neurological complications in severe and rigid spinal deformity correction of 177 cases. BMC Neurol 20(1):433","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"7028_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1097\/01.bsd.0000211270.51368.43","volume":"20","author":"MJ McMaster","year":"2007","unstructured":"McMaster MJ, Glasby MA, Singh H et al (2007) Lung function in congenital kyphosis and kyphoscoliosis. J Spinal Disord Tech 20(3):203\u2013208","journal-title":"J Spinal Disord Tech"}],"container-title":["European Spine Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00586-021-07028-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00586-021-07028-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00586-021-07028-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,29]],"date-time":"2022-01-29T15:09:10Z","timestamp":1643468950000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00586-021-07028-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,24]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}},"alternative-id":["7028"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-021-07028-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0940-6719","1432-0932"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0940-6719","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-0932","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 March 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 July 2021","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 October 2021","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 October 2021","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"No benefits in any form have been or will be received from a commercial party related directly or indirectly to the subject of this manuscript.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Patients signed informed consent regarding publishing their data and photographs.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University. All patients provided written informed consent for the operation and the related study.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"The datasets generated during and\/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Data Availability"}}]}}