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Disclosures outside of submitted work: JCW\u2014Royalties\u2014Biomet, Seaspine, Amedica, Synthes; Investments\/Options\u2014Bone Biologics, Pearldiver, Electrocore, Surgitech; Board of Directors\u2014AO Foundation, Fellowship Funding (paid to institution): AO Foundation. ZB\u2014consultancy: Cerapedics (past), The Scripps Research Institute (past), Xenco Medical (past), AO Spine (past); Research Support: SeaSpine (past, paid to the institution), Next Science (paid directly to institution), Medical Metrics (past,\u00a0paid directly to institution); North American Spine Society: committee member; Lumbar Spine Society: Co-chair Educational Committee, AOSpine Knowledge Forum Degenerative: Associate member; AOSNA Research committee- committee member.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Availability of data and material"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Code availability"}},{"value":"The data source (Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project National Readmission Database) is de-identified, and therefore this study was exempt from institutional review board approval.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":7,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}}]}}