{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T20:25:03Z","timestamp":1750364703470,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":142,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,19]],"date-time":"2022-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642550400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,19]],"date-time":"2022-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642550400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Spine J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>A scoping review was conducted with the objective to identify and map the available evidence from long-term studies on chronic non-specific low back pain (LBP), to examine how these studies are conducted, and to address potential knowledge gaps.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE up to march 2021, not restricted by date or language. Experimental and observational study types were included. Inclusion criteria were: participants between 18 and 65\u00a0years old with non-specific sub-acute or chronic LBP, minimum average follow-up of\u2009&gt;\u20092\u00a0years, and studies had to report at least one of the following outcome measures: disability, quality of life, work participation, or health care utilization. Methodological quality was assessed using the Effective Public Health Practice Project quality assessment. Data were extracted, tabulated, and reported thematically.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ninety studies met the inclusion criteria. Studies examined invasive treatments (72%), conservative (21%), or a comparison of both (7%). No natural cohorts were included. Methodological quality was weak (16% of studies), moderate (63%), or strong (21%) and generally improved after 2010. Disability (92%) and pain (86%) outcomes were most commonly reported, followed by work (25%), quality of life (15%), and health care utilization (4%). Most studies reported significant improvement at long-term follow-up (median 51\u00a0months, range 26\u00a0months\u201318\u00a0years). Only 10 (11%) studies took more than one measurement\u2009&gt;\u20092\u00a0year after baseline.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with persistent non-specific LBP seem to experience improvement in pain, disability and quality of life years after seeking treatment. However, it remains unclear what factors might have influenced these improvements, and whether they are treatment-related. Studies varied greatly in design, patient population, and methods of data collection. There is still little insight into the long-term natural course of LBP. Additionally, few studies perform repeated measurements during long-term follow-up or report on patient-centered outcomes other than pain or disability.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-022-07111-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,19]],"date-time":"2022-01-19T16:03:18Z","timestamp":1642608198000},"page":"901-916","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["What can we learn from long-term studies on chronic low back pain? A scoping review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0598-8516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alisa L.","family":"Dutmer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Remko","family":"Soer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6240-3903","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9 P.","family":"Wolff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4058-3437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michiel F.","family":"Reneman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maarten H.","family":"Coppes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9460-3459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henrica R.","family":"Schiphorst Preuper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10159","key":"7111_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(18)32279-7","volume":"392","author":"GBD 2017 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators (2008)","year":"2018","unstructured":"GBD 2017 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators (2008) (2018) Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990\u20132017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study. Lancet 392(10159):1789\u20131858. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(18)32279-7","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"7111_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1097\/00002517-200006000-00003","volume":"13","author":"BF Walker","year":"2000","unstructured":"Walker BF (2000) The prevalence of low back pain: a systematic review of the literature from 1966 to 1998. J Spinal Disord 13(3):205\u2013217. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00002517-200006000-00003","journal-title":"J Spinal Disord"},{"issue":"7555","key":"7111_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1430","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.332.7555.1430","volume":"332","author":"BW Koes","year":"2006","unstructured":"Koes BW, van Tulder MW, Thomas S (2006) Diagnosis and treatment of low back pain. BMJ 332(7555):1430\u20131434. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.332.7555.1430","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"17","key":"7111_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1860","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199809010-00012","volume":"23","author":"JD Cassidy","year":"1998","unstructured":"Cassidy JD, Carroll LJ, C\u00f4t\u00e9 P (1998) The Saskatchewan health and back pain survey. The prevalence of low back pain and related disability in Saskatchewan adults. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 23(17):1860\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00007632-199809010-00012","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"7111_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/s0304-3959(02)00372-x","volume":"102","author":"Picavet HSJ & Schouten JSAG","year":"2003","unstructured":"Picavet HSJ & Schouten JSAG (2003) Musculoskeletal pain in the Netherlands: prevalences, consequences and risk groups, the DMC(3)-study. Pain 102(1\u20132):167\u2013178. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0304-3959(02)00372-x","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"7111_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1443","DOI":"10.1097\/brs.0000000000003174","volume":"44","author":"AL Dutmer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dutmer AL, Schiphorst Preuper HR, Soer R et al (2019) Personal and societal impact of low back pain: The Groningen Spine Cohort. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 44:E1443-51. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/brs.0000000000003174","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"7111_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3979","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-78665-0_232","volume-title":"Handbook of disease burdens and quality of life measures","author":"A Montazeri","year":"2010","unstructured":"Montazeri A, Mousavi SJ (2010) Quality of life and low back pain. In: Preedy VR, Watson RR (eds) Handbook of disease burdens and quality of life measures. Springer, New York, pp 3979\u20133994"},{"key":"7111_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1097\/brs.0b013e3181e70488","volume":"36","author":"LC Lambeek","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lambeek LC, van Tulder MW, Swinkels IC et al (2011) The trend in total cost of back pain in the Netherlands in the period 2002 to 2007. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 36:1050\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/brs.0b013e3181e70488","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"7111_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2356","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(18)30480-x","volume":"391","author":"J Hartvigsen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hartvigsen J, Hancock MJ, Kongsted A et al (2018) What low back pain is and why we need to pay attention. Lancet 391:2356\u20132367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(18)30480-x","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"11","key":"7111_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E613","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.111271","volume":"184","author":"DC Menezes","year":"2012","unstructured":"Menezes DC, Costa L, Maher CG, Hancock MJ et al (2012) The prognosis of acute and persistent low-back pain: a meta-analysis. CMAJ 184(11):E613\u2013E624. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1503\/cmaj.111271","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"issue":"2","key":"7111_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-002-0508-5","volume":"12","author":"L Hestbaek","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hestbaek L, Leboeuf-Yde C, Manniche C (2003) Low back pain: what is the long-term course? A review of studies of general patient populations. Eur Spine J 12(2):149\u2013165. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-002-0508-5","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"1","key":"7111_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1532-2149.2012.00170.x","volume":"17","author":"CJ Itz","year":"2013","unstructured":"Itz CJ, Geurts JW, van Kleef M et al (2013) Clinical course of non-specific low back pain: a systematic review of prospective cohort studies set in primary care. Eur J Pain 17(1):5\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/j.1532-2149.2012.00170.x","journal-title":"Eur J Pain"},{"issue":"5","key":"7111_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1532-2149.2012.00170.x","volume":"27","author":"KM Dunn","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dunn KM, Hestbaek L, Cassidy JD (2013) Low back pain across the life course. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 27(5):591\u2013600. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/j.1532-2149.2012.00170.x","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"7111_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/2045-709x-20-33","volume":"20","author":"N Lemeunier","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lemeunier N, Leboeuf-Yde C, Gagey O (2012) The natural course of low back pain: a systematic critical literature review. Chiropr Man Ther 20(1):33. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/2045-709x-20-33","journal-title":"Chiropr Man Ther"},{"issue":"24","key":"7111_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3100","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200012150-00003","volume":"25","author":"C Bombardier","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bombardier C (2000) Outcome assessments in the evaluation of treatment of spinal disorders: summary and general recommendations. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 25(24):3100\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00007632-200012150-00003","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"7111_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2004.09.012","volume":"113","author":"RH Dworkin","year":"2005","unstructured":"Dworkin RH, Turk DC, Farrar JT et al (2005) Core outcome measures for chronic pain clinical trials: IMMPACT recommendations. Pain 113(1\u20132):9\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pain.2004.09.012","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"7111_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1097\/brs.0000000000002421","volume":"39","author":"RA Deyo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Deyo RA, Dworkin SF, Amtmann D et al (2014) Report of the NIH task force on research standards for chronic low back pain. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 39:1128\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/brs.0000000000002421","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"1","key":"7111_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1080\/1364557032000119616","volume":"8","author":"H Arksey","year":"2005","unstructured":"Arksey H, O\u2019Malley L (2005) Scoping studies: towards a methodological framework. Int J Soc Res Methodol 8(1):19\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/1364557032000119616","journal-title":"Int J Soc Res Methodol"},{"issue":"1","key":"7111_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-018-0611-x","volume":"18","author":"Z Munn","year":"2018","unstructured":"Munn Z, Peters MDJ, Stern C et al (2018) Systematic review or scoping review? Guidance for authors when choosing between a systematic or scoping review approach. BMC Med Res Methodol 18(1):143. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12874-018-0611-x","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"issue":"7","key":"7111_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.7326\/m18-0850","volume":"169","author":"AC Tricco","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tricco AC, Lillie E, Zarin W et al (2018) PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR): checklist and explanation. Ann Intern Med 169(7):467\u2013473. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/m18-0850","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"7111_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1123","volume":"5","author":"MT Pham","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pham MT, Raji\u0107 A, Greid JD et al (2014) A scoping review of scoping reviews: advancing the approach and enhancing the consistency. Res Synth Methods 5(4):371\u2013385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jrsm.1123","journal-title":"Res Synth Methods"},{"issue":"10","key":"7111_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-007-0391-1","volume":"16","author":"MJ Hancock","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hancock MJ, Maher CG, Latimer J et al (2007) Systematic review of tests to identify the disc, SIJ or facet joint as the source of low back pain. Eur Spine J 16(10):1539\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-007-0391-1","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"1","key":"7111_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000250979.12398.96","volume":"32","author":"S Jacobsen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Jacobsen S, Sonne-Halm S, Rovsing H et al (2007) Degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis: an epidemiological perspective: the Copenhagen Osteoarthritis Study. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 32(1):120\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.brs.0000250979.12398.96","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"23","key":"7111_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2560","DOI":"10.1097\/brs.0b013e318184ef95","volume":"33","author":"L Kalichman","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kalichman L, Li L, Kim DH et al (2008) Facet joint osteoarthritis and low back pain in the community-based population. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 33(23):2560\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/brs.0b013e318184ef95","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"12","key":"7111_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2394","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.a4498","volume":"36","author":"W Brinjikji","year":"2015","unstructured":"Brinjikji W, Diehn FE, Jarvik JG et al (2015) MRI Findings of disc degeneration are more prevalent in adults with low back pain than in asymptomatic controls: a systematic review and meta-analysis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 36(12):2394\u20132399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3174\/ajnr.a4498","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"7111_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.963","volume":"21","author":"ET Maas","year":"2017","unstructured":"Maas ET, Juch JNS, Ostelo RWJG et al (2017) Systematic review of patient history and physical examination to diagnose chronic low back pain originating from the facet joints. Eur J Pain 21(3):403\u2013414. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ejp.963","journal-title":"Eur J Pain"},{"issue":"5","key":"7111_CR27","first-page":"360","volume":"37","author":"AJ Viera","year":"2005","unstructured":"Viera AJ, Garrett Joanne M (2005) Understanding interobserver agreement: the kappa statistic. Fam Med 37(5):360\u2013363","journal-title":"Fam Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"7111_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-475x.2004.04006.x","volume":"1","author":"BH Thomas","year":"2004","unstructured":"Thomas BH, Ciliska D, Dobbins M et al (2004) A process for systematically reviewing the literature: providing the research evidence for public health nursing interventions. Worldviews Evid Based Nurs 1(3):176\u2013184. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1524-475x.2004.04006.x","journal-title":"Worldviews Evid Based Nurs"},{"issue":"1","key":"7111_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2753.2010.01516.x","volume":"18","author":"S Armijo-Olivo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Armijo-Olivo S, Stiles CR, Hagen NA et al (2012) Assessment of study quality for systematic reviews: a comparison of the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool and the Effective Public Health Practice Project Quality Assessment Tool: methodological research. J Eval Clin Pract 18(1):12\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2753.2010.01516.x","journal-title":"J Eval Clin Pract"},{"issue":"4","key":"7111_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-013-3155-0","volume":"23","author":"N Henschke","year":"2014","unstructured":"Henschke N, van Enst A, Froud R et al (2014) Responder analyses in randomised controlled trials for chronic low back pain: an overview of currently used methods. Eur Spine J 23(4):772\u2013778. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-013-3155-0","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"2","key":"7111_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-013-2999-7","volume":"23","author":"GR Butterman","year":"2014","unstructured":"Butterman GR, Thorson TM, Mullin WJ (2014) Outcomes of posterior facet versus pedicle screw fixation of circumferential fusion: a cohort study. Eur Spine J 23(2):347\u2013355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-013-2999-7","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"2","key":"7111_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-019-06165-0","volume":"29","author":"GR Butterman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Butterman GR, Hollmann S, Arpino J et al (2020) Value of single-level circumferential fusion: a 10-year prospective outcomes and cost-effectiveness analysis comparing posterior facet versus pedicle screw fixation. Eur Spine J 29(2):360\u2013373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-019-06165-0","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"7","key":"7111_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E028576","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-028576","volume":"9","author":"S Cousins","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cousins S, Blencowe NS, Blazeby JM (2019) What is an invasive procedure? A definition to inform study design, evidence synthesis and research tracking. BMJ Open 9(7):E028576. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-028576","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"23","key":"7111_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2625","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199812010-00018","volume":"23","author":"A Indahl","year":"1998","unstructured":"Indahl A, Haldorsen EH, Holm S et al (1998) Five-year follow-up study of a controlled clinical trial using light mobilization and an informative approach to low back pain. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 23(23):2625\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00007632-199812010-00018","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"6","key":"7111_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnx237","volume":"19","author":"A Al-Kaisy","year":"2018","unstructured":"Al-Kaisy A, Palmisani S, Smith TE et al (2018) Long-Term improvements in chronic axial low back pain patients without previous spinal surgery: a cohort analysis of 10-kHz high-frequency spinal cord stimulation over 36 months. Pain Med 19(6):1219\u20131226. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/pm\/pnx237","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"7111_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.10.004","volume":"21","author":"K Amirdelfan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Amirdelfan K, Bae H, McJunkin T et al (2021) Allogeneic mesenchymal precursor cells treatment for chronic low back pain associated with degenerative disc disease: a prospective randomized, placebo-controlled 36-month study of safety and efficacy. Spine J 21(2):212\u2013230. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.10.004","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"issue":"2","key":"7111_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-009-1182-7","volume":"19","author":"S Aunoble","year":"2010","unstructured":"Aunoble S, Meyrat R, Al Sawad Y et al (2010) Hybrid construct for two levels disc disease in lumbar spine. Eur Spine J 19(2):290\u2013296. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-009-1182-7","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"3","key":"7111_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.3109\/17453679408995459","volume":"65","author":"P Axelsson","year":"1994","unstructured":"Axelsson P, Johnsson R, Str\u00f6mqvist B et al (1994) Posterolateral lumbar fusion. Outcome of 71 consecutive operations after 4 (2\u20137) years. Act Orthop Scand 65(3):309\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/17453679408995459","journal-title":"Act Orthop Scand"},{"issue":"8","key":"7111_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-011-1697-6","volume":"20","author":"J Buric","year":"2011","unstructured":"Buric J, Pulidori M (2011) Long-term reduction in pain and disability after surgery with the interspinous device for intervertebral assisted motion (DIAM) spinal stabilization system in patients with low back pain: 4-year follow-up from a longitudinal prospective case series. Eur Spine J 20(8):1204\u20131211. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-011-1697-6","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"5","key":"7111_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.2106\/jbjs.g.01485","volume":"91","author":"JK Burkus","year":"2009","unstructured":"Burkus JK, Gornet MF, Schuler TC et al (2009) Six-year outcomes of anterior lumbar interbody arthrodesis with use of interbody fusion cages and recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2. J Bone Joint Surg Am 91(5):1181\u20131189. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/jbjs.g.01485","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"9","key":"7111_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E534","DOI":"10.1097\/bsd.0000000000000029","volume":"28","author":"GR Butterman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Butterman GR, Mullin WJ (2015) Two-level circumferential lumbar fusion comparing midline and paraspinal posterior approach: 5-year interim outcomes of a randomized, blinded, prospective study. J Spinal Disord Tech 28(9):E534\u2013E543. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/bsd.0000000000000029","journal-title":"J Spinal Disord Tech"},{"issue":"9","key":"7111_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1097\/brs.0b013e31819b213c","volume":"34","author":"B Cakir","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cakir B, Schmidt R, Mattes T et al (2009) Index level mobility after total lumbar disc replacement: is it beneficial or detrimental? Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 34(9):917\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/brs.0b013e31819b213c","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"26 Spec No","key":"7111_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"B60","DOI":"10.1097\/brs.0000000000000495","volume":"39","author":"J Cheng","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cheng J, Zheng W, Wang H et al (2014) Posterolateral transforaminal selective endoscopic diskectomy with thermal annuloplasty for discogenic low back pain: a prospective observational study. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 39(26 Spec No):B60\u2013B65. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/brs.0000000000000495","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"9","key":"7111_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.2217\/rme-2019-0040","volume":"14","author":"J Cheng","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cheng J, Santiago KA, Nguyen JT et al (2019) Treatment of symptomatic degenerative intervertebral discs with autologous platelet-rich plasma: follow-up at 5\u20139 years. Regen Med 14(9):831\u2013840. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2217\/rme-2019-0040","journal-title":"Regen Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"7111_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-003-0526-y","volume":"12","author":"SK Chung","year":"2003","unstructured":"Chung SK, Lee SH, Lim SR et al (2003) Comparative study of laparoscopic L5\u2013S1 fusion versus open mini-ALIF, with a minimum 2-year follow-up. Eur Spine J 12(6):613\u2013617. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-003-0526-y","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"20","key":"7111_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1269","DOI":"10.1097\/brs.0b013e31829fc56f","volume":"38","author":"DS Corenman","year":"2013","unstructured":"Corenman DS, Gillard DM, Dornan GJ et al (2013) Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2-augmented transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion for the treatment of chronic low back pain secondary to the homogeneous diagnosis of discogenic pain syndrome: two-year outcomes. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 38(20):E1269-77. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/brs.0b013e31829fc56f","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"7111_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-009-0982-0","volume":"18","author":"M Di Silvestre","year":"2009","unstructured":"Di Silvestre M, Bakaloudis G, Lolli F et al (2009) Two-level total lumbar disc replacement. Eur Spine J 18(Suppl 1):64\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-009-0982-0","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"8","key":"7111_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1925","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-020-06448-x","volume":"29","author":"JS Fischgrund","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fischgrund JS, Rhyne A, Macadaeg K et al (2020) Long-term outcomes following intraosseous basivertebral nerve ablation for the treatment of chronic low back pain: 5-year treatment arm results from a prospective randomized double-blind sham-controlled multi-center study. Eur Spine J 29(8):1925\u20131934. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-020-06448-x","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"7","key":"7111_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1518","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-019-06100-3","volume":"29","author":"C Formica","year":"2020","unstructured":"Formica C, Zanarito A, Divano S et al (2020) Total disc replacement for lumbar degenerative disc disease: single centre 20 years experience. Eur Spine J 29(7):1518\u20131526. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-019-06100-3","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"11","key":"7111_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.1007\/s004640000184","volume":"15","author":"BP Geerdes","year":"2001","unstructured":"Geerdes BP, Geukers CW, van Erp WF (2001) Laparoscopic spinal fusion of L4\u2013L5 and L5\u2013S1. Surg Endosc 15(11):1308\u20131312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s004640000184","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"issue":"6","key":"7111_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2005-915605","volume":"48","author":"R Gepstein","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gepstein R, Werner D, Shabat S et al (2005) Percutaneous posterior lumbar interbody fusion using the B-twin expandable spinal spacer. Minim Invasive Neurosurg 48(6):330\u2013333","journal-title":"Minim Invasive Neurosurg"},{"issue":"3","key":"7111_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199604150-00015","volume":"8","author":"G Gioia","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gioia G, Mandelli D, Randelli F (2007) The Charit\u00e9 III Artificial Disc lumbar disc prosthesis: assessment of medium-term results. J Orthop Traumatol 8(3):134\u2013139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00007632-199604150-00015","journal-title":"J Orthop Traumatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"7111_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.3171\/2019.2.spine181037","volume":"31","author":"MF Gornet","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gornet MF, Burkus JK, Dryer RF et al (2019) Lumbar disc arthroplasty versus anterior lumbar interbody fusion: 5-year outcomes for patients in the Maverick disc investigational device exemption study. Neurosurg Spine 31(3):347\u2013356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2019.2.spine181037","journal-title":"Neurosurg Spine"},{"issue":"5","key":"7111_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2008.08.007","volume":"9","author":"RD Guyer","year":"2009","unstructured":"Guyer RD, McAfee PC, Banco RJ et al (2009) Prospective, randomized, multicenter Food and Drug Administration investigational device exemption study of lumbar total disc replacement with the CHARITE artificial disc versus lumbar fusion: five-year follow-up. Spine J 9(5):374\u2013386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.spinee.2008.08.007","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"issue":"7","key":"7111_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12309","volume":"18","author":"TE Hamm-Faber","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hamm-Faber TE, Aukes H, van Gorp E et al (2015) Subcutaneous stimulation as an additional therapy to spinal cord stimulation for the treatment of low back pain and leg pain in failed back surgery syndrome: four-year follow-up. Neuromodulation 18(7):618\u2013622. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ner.12309","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"issue":"3","key":"7111_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E8","DOI":"10.3171\/foc.2006.20.3.9","volume":"20","author":"JK Houten","year":"2006","unstructured":"Houten JK, Post NH, Dryer JW et al (2006) Clinical and radiographically\/neuroimaging documented outcome in transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion. Neurosurg Focus 20(3):E8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/foc.2006.20.3.9","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"issue":"1","key":"7111_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1177\/2192568219844236","volume":"10","author":"H Kareem","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kareem H, Ulbricht C (2020) A Prospective long-term follow-up study of the posterior dynamic stabilizing system to treat back pain associated with degenerative disc disease. Glob Spine J 10(1):30\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2192568219844236","journal-title":"Glob Spine J"},{"issue":"6","key":"7111_CR58","first-page":"408","volume":"53","author":"M Katsimihas","year":"2010","unstructured":"Katsimihas M, Baily CS, Issa K et al (2010) Prospective clinical and radiographic results of CHARIT\u00c9 III artificial total disc arthroplasty at 2- to 7-year follow-up: a Canadian experience. Can J Surg 53(6):408\u2013414","journal-title":"Can J Surg"},{"issue":"20","key":"7111_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2656","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200010150-00018","volume":"25","author":"SD Kuslich","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kuslich SD, Danielson G, Dowdle JD et al (2000) Four-year follow-up results of lumbar spine arthrodesis using the Bagby and Kuslich lumbar fusion cage. Spine (Phila pa 1976) 25(20):2656\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00007632-200010150-00018","journal-title":"Spine (Phila pa 1976)"},{"issue":"4","key":"7111_CR60","first-page":"443","volume":"6","author":"MS Lee","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lee MS, Cooper G, Lutz GE et al (2003) Intradiscal electrothermal therapy (IDET) for treatment of chronic lumbar discogenic pain: a minimum 2-year clinical outcome study. Pain Phys 6(4):443\u2013448","journal-title":"Pain Phys"},{"issue":"11","key":"7111_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2560","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-015-3933-y","volume":"24","author":"Y Liang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liang Y, Shi W, Jiang C et al (2015) Clinical outcomes and sagittal alignment of single-level unilateral instrumented transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion with a 4 to 5-year follow-up. Eur Spine J 24(11):2560\u20132566. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-015-3933-y","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"9","key":"7111_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2056","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-015-3939-5","volume":"24","author":"S Lu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lu S, Hai Y, Kong C et al (2015) An 11-year minimum follow-up of the Charite III lumbar disc replacement for the treatment of symptomatic degenerative disc disease. Eur Spine J 24(9):2056\u20132064. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-015-3939-5","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"7111_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.2147\/jpr.s115847","volume":"9","author":"K Lu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lu K, Liliang P, Wang H et al (2016) Clinical outcome following DIAM implantation for symptomatic lumbar internal disk disruption: a 3-year retrospective analysis. J Pain Res 9:917\u2013924. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/jpr.s115847","journal-title":"J Pain Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"7111_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1097\/00002517-200104000-00003","volume":"14","author":"S Madan","year":"2001","unstructured":"Madan S, Boeree NR (2001) Containment and stabilization of bone graft in anterior lumbar interbody fusion: the role of the Hartshill Horseshoe cage. J Spinal Disord 14(2):104\u2013108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00002517-200104000-00003","journal-title":"J Spinal Disord"},{"key":"7111_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1097\/01.blo.0000059581.08469.77","volume":"409","author":"SS Madan","year":"2003","unstructured":"Madan SS, Harley JM, Boeree NN (2003) Circumferential and posterolateral fusion for lumbar disc disease. Clin Orthop Relat Res 409:114\u2013123. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.blo.0000059581.08469.77","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"7111_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.2174\/1876532701103010016","volume":"3","author":"G Maestretti","year":"2011","unstructured":"Maestretti G, Reischl N, Jacobi M et al (2011) Treatment of discogenic low back pain by total disc arthroplasty using the Prodisc prosthesis: analysis of a prospective cohort study with five-year clinical follow-up. Open Spine J 3:16\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1876532701103010016","journal-title":"Open Spine J"},{"key":"7111_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2017.01.033","volume":"39","author":"GM Malham","year":"2017","unstructured":"Malham GM, Parker RM (2017) Early experience with lateral lumbar total disc replacement: utility, complications and revision strategies. J Clin Neurosci 39:176\u2013183. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jocn.2017.01.033","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"7111_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2012.12.008","volume":"13","author":"AR Meir","year":"2013","unstructured":"Meir AR, Freeman BJC, Fraser RD et al (2013) Ten-year survival and clinical outcome of the AcroFlex lumbar disc replacement for the treatment of symptomatic disc degeneration. Spine J 13(1):13\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.spinee.2012.12.008","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"issue":"5","key":"7111_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-004-0577-7","volume":"28","author":"T Niemeyer","year":"2004","unstructured":"Niemeyer T, B\u00f6vingloh AS, Halm H et al (2004) Results after anterior\u2013posterior lumbar spinal fusion: 2\u20135 years follow-up. Int Orthop 28(5):298\u2013302. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00264-004-0577-7","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"issue":"2","key":"7111_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E25","DOI":"10.1097\/tp.0000000000003471","volume":"105","author":"DC Noriega","year":"2021","unstructured":"Noriega DC, Ardura F, Hern\u00e1ndez-Ramajo R et al (2021) Treatment of degenerative disc disease with allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells: long-term follow-up results. Transplantation 105(2):E25\u2013E27. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/tp.0000000000003471","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"issue":"1","key":"7111_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1097\/bsd.0b013e31804c990e","volume":"21","author":"PD Nunley","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nunley PD, Jawahar A, Brandao SM et al (2008) Intradiscal electrothermal therapy (IDET) for low back pain in worker\u2019s compensation patients: can it provide a potential answer? Long-term results. J Spinal Disord Tech 21(1):11\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/bsd.0b013e31804c990e","journal-title":"J Spinal Disord Tech"},{"key":"7111_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjpain.2016.10.007","volume":"16","author":"B Nystrom","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nystrom B, Weber H, Schillberg B et al (2018) Symptoms and signs possibly indicating segmental, discogenic pain. A fusion study with 18 years of follow-up. Scand J Pain 16:213\u2013220. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sjpain.2016.10.007","journal-title":"Scand J Pain"},{"issue":"13","key":"7111_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1097\/brs.0b013e3181a401bf","volume":"34","author":"S Ohtori","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ohtori S, Kinoshita T, Yamashita M et al (2009) Results of surgery for discogenic low back pain: a randomized study using discography versus discoblock for diagnosis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 34(13):1345\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/brs.0b013e3181a401bf","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"7111_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2016.09.091","volume":"35","author":"F Pan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pan F, Shen B, Chy SK et al (2016) Transforaminal endoscopic system technique for discogenic low back pain: a prospective Cohort study. Int J Surg 35:134\u2013138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijsu.2016.09.091","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"7111_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1097\/brs.0b013e31822ecd85","volume":"37","author":"C Park","year":"2012","unstructured":"Park C, Ryu K, Lee K et al (2012) Clinical outcome of lumbar total disc replacement using ProDisc-L in degenerative disc disease: minimum 5-year follow-up results at a single institute. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 37(8):672\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/brs.0b013e31822ecd85","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"11","key":"7111_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1097\/brs.0000000000001527","volume":"41","author":"S Park","year":"2016","unstructured":"Park S, Lee C, Chung S et al (2016) Long-term outcomes following lumbar total disc replacement using ProDisc-II: average 10-year follow-up at a single institute. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 41(11):971\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/brs.0000000000001527","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"7","key":"7111_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-009-0938-4","volume":"18","author":"B Peng","year":"2009","unstructured":"Peng B, Chen J, Kuang Z et al (2009) Diagnosis and surgical treatment of back pain originating from endplate. Eur Spine J 18(7):1035\u20131040. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-009-0938-4","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"5","key":"7111_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1097\/bsd.0b013e3181fb3e2a","volume":"24","author":"J Petilon","year":"2011","unstructured":"Petilon J, Roth J, Hardenbrook M (2011) Results of lumbar total disc arthroplasty in military personnel. J Spinal Disord Tech 24(5):297\u2013301. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/bsd.0b013e3181fb3e2a","journal-title":"J Spinal Disord Tech"},{"issue":"10","key":"7111_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2097","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-017-3560-9","volume":"41","author":"K Pettine","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pettine K, Suzuki R, Sand T et al (2017) Autologous bone marrow concentrate intradiscal injection for the treatment of degenerative disc disease with three-year follow-up. Int Orthop 41(10):2097\u20132103. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00264-017-3560-9","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"issue":"1","key":"7111_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.3109\/17453679608995612","volume":"67","author":"H Pihlajam\u00e4ki","year":"1996","unstructured":"Pihlajam\u00e4ki H, B\u00f6stman O, Ruuskanen M et al (1996) Posterolateral lumbosacral fusion with transpedicular fixation: 63 consecutive cases followed for 4 (2\u20136) years. Acta Orthop Scand 67(1):63\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/17453679608995612","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand"},{"issue":"6","key":"7111_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0032-1333420","volume":"74","author":"L Pimenta","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pimenta L, Marchi L, Oliveira L et al (2013) A prospective, randomized, controlled trial comparing radiographic and clinical outcomes between stand-alone lateral interbody lumbar fusion with either silicate calcium phosphate or rh-BMP2. J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg 74(6):343\u2013350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0032-1333420","journal-title":"J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg"},{"issue":"1","key":"7111_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.14444\/5009","volume":"12","author":"L Pimenta","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pimenta L, Marchi L, Oliveira L et al (2018) Elastomeric lumbar total disc replacement: clinical and radiological results with minimum 84 months follow-up. Int J Spine Surg 12(1):49\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14444\/5009","journal-title":"Int J Spine Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"7111_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-017-5065-z","volume":"27","author":"N Plais","year":"2018","unstructured":"Plais N, Thevenot X, Cogniet A et al (2018) Maverick total disc arthroplasty performs well at 10 years follow-up: a prospective study with HRQL and balance analysis. Eur Spine J 27(3):720\u2013727. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-017-5065-z","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"7111_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.10.033","volume":"122","author":"G Pokorny","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pokorny G, Marchi L, Amaral R et al (2019) Lumbar total disc replacement by the lateral approach-up to 10 years follow-up. World Neurosurg 122:e325\u2013e333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.10.033","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"issue":"12","key":"7111_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2181","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-010-1517-4","volume":"19","author":"M Putzier","year":"2010","unstructured":"Putzier M, Hoff E, Tohtz S et al (2010) Dynamic stabilization adjacent to single-level fusion: part II. No clinical benefit for asymptomatic, initially degenerated adjacent segments after 6 years follow-up. Eur Spine J 19(12):2181\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-010-1517-4","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"7111_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-3-17","volume":"3","author":"JH Raphael","year":"2002","unstructured":"Raphael JH, Southall JL, Gnanadurai TV et al (2002) Long-term experience with implanted intrathecal drug administration systems for failed back syndrome and chronic mechanical low back pain. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 3:17. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2474-3-17","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"14","key":"7111_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1893","DOI":"10.4103\/0366-6999.160518","volume":"128","author":"D Ren","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ren D, Liu X, Du S et al (2015) Percutaneous nucleoplasty using coblation technique for the treatment of chronic nonspecific low back pain: 5-year follow-up results. Chin Med J (Engl) 128(14):1893\u20131897. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0366-6999.160518","journal-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)"},{"issue":"5","key":"7111_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1097\/bsd.0b013e3181f9a60a","volume":"24","author":"D Rouben","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rouben D, Casnellie M, Ferguson M (2011) Long-term durability of minimal invasive posterior transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion: a clinical and radiographic follow-up. J Spinal Disord Tech 24(5):288\u2013296. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/bsd.0b013e3181f9a60a","journal-title":"J Spinal Disord Tech"},{"issue":"9","key":"7111_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200205010-00017","volume":"27","author":"JA Saal","year":"2002","unstructured":"Saal JA, Saal JS (2002) Intradiscal electrothermal treatment for chronic discogenic low back pain: prospective outcome study with a minimum 2-year follow-up. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 27(9):966\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00007632-200205010-00017","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"5","key":"7111_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E252","DOI":"10.1097\/bsd.0b013e31826eaf74","volume":"29","author":"JJP Schimmel","year":"2016","unstructured":"Schimmel JJP, Poeshmann MS, Horsting PP et al (2016) PEEK cages in lumbar fusion: mid-term clinical outcome and radiologic fusion. Clin Spine Surg 29(5):E252\u2013E258. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/bsd.0b013e31826eaf74","journal-title":"Clin Spine Surg"},{"issue":"12","key":"7111_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2152","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-007-0515-7","volume":"16","author":"TL Schulte","year":"2007","unstructured":"Schulte TL, Leistra F, Bullmann V et al (2007) Disc height reduction in adjacent segments and clinical outcome 10 years after lumbar 360 degrees fusion. Eur Spine J 16(12):2152\u20132158. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-007-0515-7","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"8","key":"7111_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2013.08.028","volume":"14","author":"CJ Siepe","year":"2014","unstructured":"Siepe CJ, Heider F, Wiechert K et al (2014) Mid- to long-term results of total lumbar disc replacement: a prospective analysis with 5- to 10-year follow-up. Spine J 14(8):1417\u20131431. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.spinee.2013.08.028","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"issue":"10","key":"7111_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2288","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-013-2926-y","volume":"22","author":"C Sk\u00f6ld","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sk\u00f6ld C, Tropp H, Berg S (2013) Five-year follow-up of total disc replacement compared to fusion: a randomized controlled trial. Eur Spine J 22(10):2288\u20132295. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-013-2926-y","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"10","key":"7111_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2279","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-013-2967-2","volume":"22","author":"P Strube","year":"2013","unstructured":"Strube P, Hoff EK, Sch\u00fcrings M et al (2013) Parameters influencing the outcome after total disc replacement at the lumbosacral junction. Part 2: distraction and posterior translation lead to clinical failure after a mean follow-up of 5 years. Eur Spine J 22(10):2279\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-013-2967-2","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"24","key":"7111_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E518","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200212150-00011","volume":"27","author":"JS Thalgott","year":"2002","unstructured":"Thalgott JS, Klezl Z, Timlin M et al (2002) Anterior lumbar interbody fusion with processed sea coral (coralline hydroxyapatite) as part of a circumferential fusion. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 27(24):E518\u2013E25. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00007632-200212150-00011","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"1","key":"7111_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2017.06.035","volume":"18","author":"C Wuertinger","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wuertinger C, Annes RDA, Hitzl W et al (2018) Motion preservation following total lumbar disc replacement at the lumbosacral junction: a prospective long-term clinical and radiographic investigation. Spine J 18(1):72\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.spinee.2017.06.035","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"issue":"1","key":"7111_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-016-3273-5","volume":"41","author":"DJ Zeilstra","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zeilstra DJ, Staartjes VE, Schr\u00f6der ML (2017) Minimally invasive transaxial lumbosacral interbody fusion: a ten year single-centre experience. Int Orthop 41(1):113\u2013119","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"issue":"2","key":"7111_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1007\/s005860050040","volume":"7","author":"AE Bendix","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bendix AE, Bendix T, Haestrup C et al (1998) A prospective, randomized 5-year follow-up study of functional restoration in chronic low back pain patients. Eur Spine J 7(2):111\u2013119. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s005860050040","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"13","key":"7111_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1494","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199707010-00014","volume":"22","author":"H Bentsen","year":"1997","unstructured":"Bentsen H, Lindg\u00e4rde F, Manthorpe R (1997) The effect of dynamic strength back exercise and\/or a home training program in 57-year-old women with chronic low back pain. Results of a prospective randomized study with a 3-year follow-up period. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 22(13):1494\u2013500. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00007632-199707010-00014","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"5","key":"7111_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000002162","volume":"162","author":"C Carvalho","year":"2021","unstructured":"Carvalho C, Pais M, Cunha L et al (2021) Open-label placebo for chronic low back pain: a 5-year follow-up. Pain 162(5):1521\u20131527. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000002162","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"7","key":"7111_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1579","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-019-05967-6","volume":"28","author":"D Groot","year":"2019","unstructured":"Groot D, van Hooff ML, Kroeze RJ et al (2019) Long-term results of an intensive cognitive behavioral pain management program for patients with chronic low back pain: a concise report of an extended cohort with a minimum of 5-year follow-up. Eur Spine J 28(7):1579\u20131585. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-019-05967-6","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"3","key":"7111_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2003.12.020","volume":"27","author":"M Haas","year":"2004","unstructured":"Haas M, Goldberg B, Aickin M et al (2004) A practice-based study of patients with acute and chronic low back pain attending primary care and chiropractic physicians: two-week to 48-month follow-up. J Manip Physiol Ther 27(3):160\u2013169. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jmpt.2003.12.020","journal-title":"J Manip Physiol Ther"},{"key":"7111_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-6-269","volume":"6","author":"HJ Hamre","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hamre HJ, Kiene H, Glockmann A et al (2013) Long-term outcomes of anthroposophic treatment for chronic disease: a four-year follow-up analysis of 1510 patients from a prospective observational study in routine outpatient settings. BMC Res Notes 6:269. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1756-0500-6-269","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"issue":"2","key":"7111_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2011.11.016","volume":"153","author":"SE Lamb","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lamb SE, Mistry D, Lall R et al (2012) Group cognitive behavioural interventions for low back pain in primary care: extended follow-up of the Back Skills Training Trial (ISRCTN54717854). Pain 153(2):494\u2013501. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pain.2011.11.016","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"7","key":"7111_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199504000-00012","volume":"20","author":"TC Lanes","year":"1995","unstructured":"Lanes TC, Gauron EF, Sprat KF et al (1995) Long-term follow-up of patients with chronic back pain treated in a multidisciplinary rehabilitation program. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 20(7):801\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00007632-199504000-00012","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"1","key":"7111_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977851714","volume":"17","author":"GJ Lankhorst","year":"1985","unstructured":"Lankhorst GJ, van de Stadt RJ, van der Korst JK (1985) The natural history of idiopathic low back pain. A three-year follow-up study of spinal motion, pain and functional capacity. Scand J Rehabil Med 17(1):1\u20134","journal-title":"Scand J Rehabil Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"7111_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200404150-00006","volume":"29","author":"LE Patrick","year":"2004","unstructured":"Patrick LE, Altmaier EM, Found EM (2004) Long-term outcomes in multidisciplinary treatment of chronic low back pain: results of a 13-year follow-up. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 29(8):850\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00007632-200404150-00006","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"6","key":"7111_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2012\/15\/525","volume":"15","author":"B Peng","year":"2012","unstructured":"Peng B, Fu X, Pang X et al (2012) Prospective clinical study on natural history of discogenic low back pain at 4 years of follow-up. Pain Phys 15(6):525\u2013532","journal-title":"Pain Phys"},{"issue":"3","key":"7111_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2048-7940.2002.tb01999.x","volume":"27","author":"R Raak","year":"2002","unstructured":"Raak R, Wikblad K, Raak A Sr et al (2002) Catastrophizing and health-related quality of life: a 6-year follow-up of patients with chronic low back pain. Rehabil Nurs 27(3):110\u2013116. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/j.2048-7940.2002.tb01999.x","journal-title":"Rehabil Nurs"},{"issue":"1","key":"7111_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-018-5476-8","volume":"18","author":"J Rantonen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rantonen J, Karppinen VA et al (2018) Effectiveness of three interventions for secondary prevention of low back pain in the occupational health setting\u2014a randomised controlled trial with a natural course control. BMC Public Health 18(1):598. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-018-5476-8","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"7111_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1097\/brs.0b013e318191e7cb","volume":"34","author":"E Rasmussen-Barr","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rasmussen-Barr E, Ang B, Arvidsson I et al (2009) Graded exercise for recurrent low-back pain: a randomized, controlled trial with 6-, 12-, and 36-month follow-ups. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 34(3):221\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/brs.0b013e318191e7cb","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"18","key":"7111_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1997","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199509150-00007","volume":"20","author":"AL Rhyne","year":"1995","unstructured":"Rhyne AL, Smith SE, Wood KE et al (1995) Outcome of unoperated discogram-positive low back pain. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 20(18):1997\u20132000. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00007632-199509150-00007","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"17","key":"7111_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1186","DOI":"10.1097\/brs.0000000000003051","volume":"44","author":"PM Udby","year":"2019","unstructured":"Udby PM, Bendix T, Ohrt-Nissen S et al (2019) Modic changes are not associated with long-term pain and disability: a cohort study with 13-year follow-up. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 44(17):1186\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/brs.0000000000003051","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"1","key":"7111_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"pzaa164","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/pzaa164","volume":"101","author":"W Van Hoof","year":"2021","unstructured":"Van Hoof W, O\u2019Sullivan K, Verschueren S et al (2021) Evaluation of absenteeism, pain, and disability in nurses with persistent low back pain following cognitive functional therapy: a case series pilot study with 3-year follow-up. Phys Ther 101(1):pzaa164. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ptj\/pzaa164","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"issue":"8","key":"7111_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1416","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.1399","volume":"23","author":"K Vibe Fersum","year":"2019","unstructured":"Vibe Fersum K, Smith A, Kvale A et al (2019) Cognitive functional therapy in patients with non-specific chronic low back pain\u2014a randomized controlled trial 3-year follow-up. Eur J Pain 23(8):1416\u20131424. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ejp.1399","journal-title":"Eur J Pain"},{"issue":"9","key":"7111_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1643","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.108902","volume":"69","author":"JI Brox","year":"2010","unstructured":"Brox JI, Nygaard OP, Holm I et al (2010) Four-year follow-up of surgical versus non-surgical therapy for chronic low back pain. Ann Rheum Dis 69(9):1643\u20131648. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/ard.2009.108902","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"7111_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2011.06.004","volume":"11","author":"A Froholdt","year":"2011","unstructured":"Froholdt A, Holm I, Keller A et al (2011) No difference in long-term trunk muscle strength, cross-sectional area, and density in patients with chronic low back pain 7 to 11 years after lumbar fusion versus cognitive intervention and exercises. Spine J 11(8):718\u2013725. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.spinee.2011.06.004","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"issue":"12","key":"7111_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2531","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-012-2382-0","volume":"21","author":"A Froholdt","year":"2012","unstructured":"Froholdt A, Reikeraas O, Holm I et al (2012) No difference in 9-year outcome in CLBP patients randomized to lumbar fusion versus cognitive intervention and exercises. Eur Spine J 21(12):2531\u20132538. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-012-2382-0","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"10","key":"7111_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2017.05.011","volume":"17","author":"H Furunes","year":"2017","unstructured":"Furunes H, Storheim K, Brox JI et al (2017) Total disc replacement versus multidisciplinary rehabilitation in patients with chronic low back pain and degenerative discs: 8-year follow-up of a randomized controlled multicenter trial. Spine J 17(10):1480\u20131488. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.spinee.2017.05.011","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"issue":"5","key":"7111_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2015.08.065","volume":"16","author":"R Hedlund","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hedlund R, Johansson C, H\u00e4gg O et al (2016) The long-term outcome of lumbar fusion in the Swedish lumbar spine study. Spine J 16(5):579\u2013587. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.spinee.2015.08.065","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"issue":"19","key":"7111_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1372","DOI":"10.1097\/brs.0000000000002630","volume":"43","author":"JP Kleimeyer","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kleimeyer JP, Cheng I, Alamin TF et al (2018) Selective anterior lumbar interbody fusion for low back pain associated with degenerative disc disease versus nonsurgical management. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 43(19):1372\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/brs.0000000000002630","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"5","key":"7111_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2013.10.004","volume":"27","author":"I Ax\u00e9n","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ax\u00e9n I, Leboeuf-Yde C (2013) Trajectories of low back pain. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 27(5):601\u2013612. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.berh.2013.10.004","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"7111_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-016-1071-2","volume":"17","author":"A Kongsted","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kongsted A, Kent P, Ax\u00e9n I (2016) What have we learned from ten years of trajectory research in low back pain? BMC Musculoskelet Disord 17:220. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12891-016-1071-2","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"23","key":"7111_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.1097\/brs.0000000000003647","volume":"45","author":"AL Dutmer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dutmer AL, Schiphorst Preuper HR, Stewart RE et al (2020) Trajectories of disability and low back pain impact: 2-year follow-up of the groningen spine cohort. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 45(23):1649\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/brs.0000000000003647","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"10","key":"7111_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E0164573","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0164573","volume":"11","author":"R Froud","year":"2016","unstructured":"Froud R, Patel S, Rajendran D et al (2016) A systematic review of outcome measures use, analytical approaches, reporting methods, and publication volume by year in low back pain trials published between 1980 and 2012: respice, adspice, et prospice. PLoS ONE 11(10):E0164573. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0164573","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"18","key":"7111_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2003","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199809150-00018","volume":"23","author":"RA Deyo","year":"1998","unstructured":"Deyo RA, Battie M, Beurskens AJ et al (1998) Outcome measures for low back pain research. A proposal for standardized use. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 23(18):2003\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00007632-199809150-00018","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"7111_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-015-0534-1","volume":"16","author":"R Froud","year":"2015","unstructured":"Froud R, Ellard D, Patel S et al (2015) Primary outcome measure use in back pain trials may need radical reassessment. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 16:88. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12891-015-0534-1","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"7111_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001117","volume":"159","author":"A Chiarotto","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chiarotto A, Boers M, Deyo RA et al (2018) Core outcome measurement instruments for clinical trials in nonspecific low back pain. Pain 159(3):481\u2013495. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001117","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"12","key":"7111_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2346","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keq245","volume":"49","author":"M Artus","year":"2010","unstructured":"Artus M, van der Windt DA, Jordan KP et al (2010) Low back pain symptoms show a similar pattern of improvement following a wide range of primary care treatments: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials. Rheumathology (Oxford) 49(12):2346\u20132356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/rheumatology\/keq245","journal-title":"Rheumathology (Oxford)"},{"issue":"7410","key":"7111_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7410.323","volume":"327","author":"LHM Pengel","year":"2003","unstructured":"Pengel LHM, Herbert RD, Maher CG et al (2003) Acute low back pain: systematic review of its prognosis. BMJ 327(7410):323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.327.7410.323","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"7111_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2753.2004.00505.x","volume":"11","author":"V Morton","year":"2005","unstructured":"Morton V, Torgerson DJ (2005) Regression to the mean: treatment effect without the intervention. J Eval Clin Pract 11(1):59\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2753.2004.00505.x","journal-title":"J Eval Clin Pract"},{"issue":"2","key":"7111_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1054\/jhsb.2001.0703","volume":"27","author":"S Sauerland","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sauerland S, Lefering R, Neugebauer EAM (2002) Retrospective clinical studies in surgery: potentials and pitfalls. J Hand Surg Br 27(2):117\u2013121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1054\/jhsb.2001.0703","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Br"},{"issue":"8","key":"7111_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-005-0926-2","volume":"14","author":"B Hanson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hanson B, Kopjar B (2005) Clinical studies in spinal surgery. Eur Spine J 14(8):721\u2013725. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-005-0926-2","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"1","key":"7111_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.3171\/2010.9.spine10151","volume":"14","author":"PG Campbell","year":"2011","unstructured":"Campbell PG, Malone J, Yadla S et al (2011) Comparison of ICD-9-based, retrospective, and prospective assessments of perioperative complications: assessment of accuracy in reporting. J Neurosurg Spine 14(1):16\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2010.9.spine10151","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"issue":"2","key":"7111_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2012.10.001","volume":"13","author":"PC Willems","year":"2013","unstructured":"Willems PC, Staal JB, Walenkamp GHIM et al (2013) Spinal fusion for chronic low back pain: systematic review on the accuracy of tests for patient selection. Spine J 13(2):99\u2013109. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.spinee.2012.10.001","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"issue":"22","key":"7111_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2504","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200111150-00022","volume":"26","author":"BW Koes","year":"2001","unstructured":"Koes BW, van Tulder MW, Ostelo R et al (2001) Clinical guidelines for the management of low back pain in primary care: an international comparison. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 26(22):2504\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00007632-200111150-00022","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"2","key":"7111_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E000391","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2011-000391","volume":"1","author":"P Willems","year":"2011","unstructured":"Willems P, de Bie R, Oner C et al (2011) Clinical decision making in spinal fusion for chronic low back pain. Results of a nationwide survey among spine surgeons. BMJ Open 1(2):E000391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2011-000391","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"7111_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1111\/papr.12318","volume":"16","author":"CJ Itz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Itz CJ, Willems PC, Zeilstra DJ et al (2016) Dutch multidisciplinary guideline for invasive treatment of pain syndromes of the lumbosacral spine. Pain Pract 16(1):90\u2013110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/papr.12318","journal-title":"Pain Pract"},{"key":"7111_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msksp.2018.01.002","volume":"34","author":"V Dewitte","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dewitte V, de Pauw R, De Meulemeester R et al (2018) Clinical classification criteria for nonspecific low back pain: a Delphi-survey of clinical experts. Musculoskelet Sci Pract 34:66\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msksp.2018.01.002","journal-title":"Musculoskelet Sci Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"7111_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-018-2034-6","volume":"19","author":"PA Amundsen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Amundsen PA, Evans DW, Rajendran D et al (2018) Inclusion and exclusion criteria used in non-specific low back pain trials: a review of randomised controlled trials published between 2006 and 2012. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 19(1):113. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12891-018-2034-6","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"4","key":"7111_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"jrm00052","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-2674","volume":"52","author":"R Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang R, Weng L, Peng M et al (2020) Exercise for low back pain: a bibliometric analysis of global research from 1980 to 2018. J Rehabil Med 52(4):jrm00052. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2340\/16501977-2674","journal-title":"J Rehabil Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"7111_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2014-205393","volume":"74","author":"DG Hoy","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hoy DG, Smith E, Cross M et al (2015) Reflecting on the global burden of musculoskeletal conditions: lessons learnt from the global burden of disease 2010 study and the next steps forward. Ann Rheum Dis 74(1):4\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/annrheumdis-2014-205393","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"}],"container-title":["European Spine Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00586-022-07111-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00586-022-07111-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00586-022-07111-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,16]],"date-time":"2024-09-16T16:27:32Z","timestamp":1726504052000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00586-022-07111-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,19]]},"references-count":142,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]}},"alternative-id":["7111"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-022-07111-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0940-6719","1432-0932"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0940-6719"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1432-0932"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 June 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 December 2021","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 January 2022","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 January 2022","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}