{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T03:13:03Z","timestamp":1740107583155,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,29]],"date-time":"2022-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643414400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,29]],"date-time":"2022-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643414400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Spine J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-022-07113-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T13:03:08Z","timestamp":1643720588000},"page":"963-979","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Current benchtop protocols are not appropriate for the evaluation of distraction-based growing rods: a literature review to justify a new protocol and its development"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Niloufar","family":"Shekouhi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amey","family":"Kelkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Dick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9175-5366","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vijay K.","family":"Goel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Derek","family":"Shaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"7113_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paed.2018.03.007","volume":"28","author":"S Haleem","year":"2018","unstructured":"Haleem S, Nnadi C (2018) Scoliosis: a review. Paediatr Child Health 28:209\u2013217","journal-title":"Paediatr Child Health"},{"key":"7113_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mundis GM, Kabirian N, Akbarnia BA (2013) Dual growing rods for the treatment of early-onset scoliosis. JBJS Essent Surg Tech 3","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.ST.K.00050"},{"key":"7113_CR3","first-page":"181","volume":"14","author":"B Akbarnia","year":"2000","unstructured":"Akbarnia B (2000) Instrumentation with limited arthrodesis for the treatment of progressive early-onset scoliosis. Spine: State Art Rev 14:181\u2013190","journal-title":"Spine: State Art Rev"},{"key":"7113_CR4","first-page":"1223","volume":"61","author":"R El-Hawary","year":"2014","unstructured":"El-Hawary R, Chukwunyerenwa C (2014) Update on evaluation and treatment of scoliosis. Pediatr Clin 61:1223\u20131241","journal-title":"Pediatr Clin"},{"key":"7113_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jspd.2014.04.002","volume":"2","author":"NR Arandi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Arandi NR, Pawelek JB, Kabirian N, Thompson GH, Emans JB, Flynn JM, Dormans JP, Akbarnia BA, Group GSS (2014) Do thoracolumbar\/lumbar curves respond differently to growing rod surgery compared with thoracic curves? Spine Deform 2:475\u2013480","journal-title":"Spine Deform"},{"key":"7113_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2533","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.I.01471","volume":"92","author":"S Bess","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bess S, Akbarnia BA, Thompson GH, Sponseller PD, Shah SA, El Sebaie H, Boachie-Adjei O, Karlin LI, Canale S, Poe-Kochert C (2010) Complications of growing-rod treatment for early-onset scoliosis: analysis of one hundred and forty patients. JBJS 92:2533\u20132543","journal-title":"JBJS"},{"key":"7113_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2015.05.026","volume":"136","author":"J Liang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liang J, Li S, Xu D, Zhuang Q, Ren Z, Chen X, Gao N (2015) Risk factors for predicting complications associated with growing rod surgery for early-onset scoliosis. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 136:15\u201319","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"key":"7113_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jspd.2014.07.002","volume":"2","author":"KS Myung","year":"2014","unstructured":"Myung KS, Skaggs DL, Johnston CE, Akbarnia BA, Group GSS (2014) The use of pedicle screws in children 10 years of age and younger with growing rods. Spine Deform 2:471\u2013474","journal-title":"Spine Deform"},{"key":"7113_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jspd.2016.04.002","volume":"4","author":"VV Upasani","year":"2016","unstructured":"Upasani VV, Parvaresh KC, Pawelek JB, Miller PE, Thompson GH, Skaggs DL, Emans JB, Glotzbecker MP, Group GSS (2016) Age at initiation and deformity magnitude influence complication rates of surgical treatment with traditional growing rods in early-onset scoliosis. Spine Deform 4:344\u2013350","journal-title":"Spine Deform"},{"key":"7113_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1639","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31822a982f","volume":"36","author":"JS Yang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Yang JS, Sponseller PD, Thompson GH, Akbarnia BA, Emans JB, Yazici M, Skaggs DL, Shah SA, Salari P, Poe-Kochert C (2011) Growing rod fractures: risk factors and opportunities for prevention. Spine 36:1639\u20131644","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"7113_CR11","first-page":"595","volume":"21","author":"F Nikouei","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nikouei F, Ghandhari H, Ameri E, Mahdavi SM, Ameri M, Safdari F (2018) Complications of fusionless correction of early onset scoliosis using dual growing rods. Arch Iran Med 21:595\u2013599","journal-title":"Arch Iran Med"},{"key":"7113_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1119","DOI":"10.1002\/jsp2.1119","volume":"3","author":"N Shekouhi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shekouhi N, Dick D, Baechle MW, Kaeley DK, Goel VK, Serhan H, Rawlinson J, Shaw D (2020) Clinically relevant finite element technique based protocol to evaluate growing rods for early onset scoliosis correction. JOR spine 3:e1119","journal-title":"JOR spine"},{"key":"7113_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dick D, Shekouhi N, Kelkar A, Shaw D, Rawlinson JJ, Goel VK, (2021) A distraction-based bench top protocol for the evaluation of growing rod concepts. In: NASS 36th annual meeting. Boston, Massachusetts.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2021.05.217"},{"key":"7113_CR14","unstructured":"Shekouhi N (2020) Towards a standard clinically relevant testing protocol for the assessment of growing rods. University of Toledo"},{"key":"7113_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2014.11.008","volume":"30","author":"ME Quick","year":"2015","unstructured":"Quick ME, Grant CA, Adam CJ, Askin GN, Labrom RD, Pearcy MJ (2015) A biomechanical investigation of dual growing rods used for fusionless scoliosis correction. Clin Biomech 30:33\u201339","journal-title":"Clin Biomech"},{"key":"7113_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13013-014-0026-3","volume":"10","author":"DI Bylski-Austrow","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bylski-Austrow DI, Glos DL, Bonifas AC, Carvalho MF, Coombs MT, Sturm PF (2015) Flexible growing rods: a pilot study to determine if polymer rod constructs may provide stability to skeletally immature spines. Scoliosis 10:1\u20134","journal-title":"Scoliosis"},{"key":"7113_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1186\/s13013-016-0087-6","volume":"11","author":"DI Bylski-Austrow","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bylski-Austrow DI, Glos DL, Bonifas AC, Carvalho MF, Coombs MC, Sturm PF (2016) Flexible growing rods: a biomechanical pilot study of polymer rod constructs in the stability of skeletally immature spines. Scoliosis and spinal disorders 11:39","journal-title":"Scoliosis and spinal disorders"},{"key":"7113_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1231","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000003119","volume":"44","author":"Z-X Chen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chen Z-X, Kaliya-Perumal A-K, Niu C-C, Wang J-L, Lai P-L (2019) In vitro biomechanical validation of a self-adaptive ratchet growing rod construct for fusionless scoliosis correction. Spine 44:E1231\u2013E1240","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"7113_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.02.112","volume":"126","author":"C Chen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chen C, Feng F, Tan H, Li Z, Zhang Z, Liang J, Li X, Shen J (2019) Preliminary study of a new growing rod system in immature swine model. World Neurosurg 126:e653\u2013e660","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"7113_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2007.10.031","volume":"8","author":"AT Mahar","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mahar AT, Bagheri R, Oka R, Kostial P, Akbarnia BA (2008) Biomechanical comparison of different anchors (foundations) for the pediatric dual growing rod technique. Spine J 8:933\u2013939","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"7113_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2156","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000000026","volume":"38","author":"C Yilgor","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yilgor C, Demirkiran HG, Aritan S, Kosemehmetoglu K, Daglioglu K, Isikhan SY, Yazici M (2013) Fusionless instrumentation in growing spine and adjacent segment problems: an experimental study in immature pigs. Spine 38:2156\u20132164","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"7113_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0b013e3182972404","volume":"34","author":"G Demirkiran","year":"2014","unstructured":"Demirkiran G, Yilgor C, Ayvaz M, Kosemehmetoglu K, Daglioglu K, Yazici M (2014) Effects of the fusionless instrumentation on the disks and facet joints of the unfused segments: a pig model. J Pediatr Orthop 34:185\u2013193","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"7113_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181bcc3a3","volume":"35","author":"G Yilmaz","year":"2010","unstructured":"Yilmaz G, Huri G, Demirkran G, Dagloglu K, Ozkan C, Alanay A, Acaroglu E, Yazici M (2010) The effect of posterior distraction on vertebral growth in immature pigs: an experimental simulation of growing rod technique. Spine 35:730\u2013733","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"7113_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e318240ff67","volume":"37","author":"BA Akbarnia","year":"2012","unstructured":"Akbarnia BA, Mundis GM Jr, Salari P, Yaszay B, Pawelek JB (2012) Innovation in growing rod technique: a study of safety and efficacy of a magnetically controlled growing rod in a porcine model. Spine 37:1109\u20131114","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"7113_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E504","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000001880","volume":"42","author":"M Eroglu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Eroglu M, Demirkiran G, Kocyigit IA, Bilgili H, Kaynar MB, Bumin A, Ozcan S, Yazici M (2017) Magnetic resonance imaging safety of magnetically controlled growing rods in an in vivo animal model. Spine 42:E504\u2013E508","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"7113_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1007\/s007760050062","volume":"3","author":"M Takaso","year":"1998","unstructured":"Takaso M, Moriya H, Kitahara H, Minami S, Takahashi K, Isobe K, Yamagata M, Otsuka Y, Nakata Y, Inoue M (1998) New remote-controlled growing-rod spinal instrumentation possibly applicable for scoliosis in young children. J Orthop Sci 3:336\u2013340","journal-title":"J Orthop Sci"},{"key":"7113_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-019-06207-7","volume":"29","author":"Z Hou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hou Z, Liu Z, Zhu X, Xie Y, Yan F, Yin H, Zhang Z, Wu M, Liang X, Deng Z (2020) Contactless treatment for scoliosis by electromagnetically controlled shape-memory alloy rods: a preliminary study in rabbits. Eur Spine J 29:1147\u20131158","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"7113_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1506","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2017.04.020","volume":"17","author":"G Hill","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hill G, Nagaraja S, Akbarnia BA, Pawelek J, Sponseller P, Sturm P, Emans J, Bonangelino P, Cockrum J, Kane W (2017) Retrieval and clinical analysis of distraction-based dual growing rod constructs for early-onset scoliosis. Spine J 17:1506\u20131518","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"7113_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2075","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-020-06506-4","volume":"29","author":"S Basu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Basu S, Solanki AM, Srivastava A, Shetty AP, Rajasekaran S, Jayaswal A (2020) Unplanned return to operation room (OR) following growing spinal constructs (GSCs) in early onset scoliosis (EOS)-a multi-centric study. Eur Spine J 29:2075\u20132083","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"7113_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1410","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000002297","volume":"42","author":"KYH Kwan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kwan KYH, Alanay A, Yazici M, Demirkiran G, Helenius I, Nnadi C, Ferguson J, Akbarnia BA, Cheung JPY, Cheung K (2017) Unplanned reoperations in magnetically controlled growing rod surgery for early onset scoliosis with a minimum of 2-year follow-up. Spine 42:E1410\u2013E1414","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"7113_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2062","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-018-5590-4","volume":"27","author":"C Thakar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Thakar C, Kieser DC, Mardare M, Haleem S, Fairbank J, Nnadi C (2018) Systematic review of the complications associated with magnetically controlled growing rods for the treatment of early onset scoliosis. Eur Spine J 27:2062\u20132071","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"7113_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1672","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.20.00312","volume":"102","author":"JY Du","year":"2020","unstructured":"Du JY, Poe-Kochert C, Thompson GH, Hardesty CK, Pawelek JB, Flynn JM, Emans JB, Group PSS (2020) Risk factors for reoperation following final fusion after the treatment of early-onset scoliosis with traditional growing rods. JBJS 102:1672\u20131678","journal-title":"JBJS"},{"key":"7113_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E464","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e318288671a","volume":"38","author":"K Watanabe","year":"2013","unstructured":"Watanabe K, Uno K, Suzuki T, Kawakami N, Tsuji T, Yanagida H, Ito M, Hirano T, Yamazaki K, Minami S (2013) Risk factors for complications associated with growing-rod surgery for early-onset scoliosis. Spine 38:E464\u2013E468","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"7113_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e318246d8a0","volume":"37","author":"SR Schroerlucke","year":"2012","unstructured":"Schroerlucke SR, Akbarnia BA, Pawelek JB, Salari P, Mundis GM Jr, Yazici M, Emans JB, Sponseller PD, Group GSS (2012) How does thoracic kyphosis affect patient outcomes in growing rod surgery? Spine 37:1303\u20131309","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"7113_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1690","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-016-4786-8","volume":"26","author":"P Hosseini","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hosseini P, Pawelek JB, Nguyen S, Thompson GH, Shah SA, Flynn JM, Dormans JP, Akbarnia BA, Group GSS (2017) Rod fracture and lengthening intervals in traditional growing rods: is there a relationship? Eur Spine J 26:1690\u20131695","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"7113_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jspd.2017.11.004","volume":"6","author":"P Hosseini","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hosseini P, Akbarnia BA, Nguyen S, Pawelek J, Emans J, Sturm PF, Sponseller PD, Group GSS (2018) Construct levels to anchored levels ratio and rod diameter are associated with implant-related complications in traditional growing rods. Spine Deform 6:320\u2013326","journal-title":"Spine Deform"},{"key":"7113_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1506","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2017.04.020","volume":"17","author":"G Hill","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hill G, Nagaraja S, Akbarnia BA, Pawelek J, Sponseller P, Sturm P, Emans J, Growing Spine Study G, Bonangelino P, Cockrum J, Kane W, Dreher M (2017) Retrieval and clinical analysis of distraction-based dual growing rod constructs for early-onset scoliosis. Spine J 17:1506\u20131518","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"7113_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-020-03543-4","volume":"21","author":"JZ Wei","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wei JZ, Hothi HS, Morganti H, Bergiers S, Dal Gal E, Likcani D, Henckel J, Hart AJ (2020) Mechanical wear analysis helps understand a mechanism of failure in retrieved magnetically controlled growing rods: a retrieval study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 21:1\u201311","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"7113_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E346","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000003268","volume":"45","author":"JPY Cheung","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cheung JPY, Zhang T, Bow C, Kwan K, Sze KY, Cheung KMC (2020) The crooked rod sign: a new radiological sign to detect deformed threads in the distraction mechanism of magnetically controlled growing rods and a mode of distraction failure. Spine 45:E346\u2013E351","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"7113_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1302\/2633-1462.17.BJO-2020-0099.R1","volume":"1","author":"A Abdelaal","year":"2020","unstructured":"Abdelaal A, Munigangaiah S, Trivedi J, Davidson N (2020) Magnetically controlled growing rods in the treatment of early onset scoliosis: a single centre experience of 44 patients with mean follow-up of 4.1 years. Bone Joint Open 1:405\u2013414","journal-title":"Bone Joint Open"},{"key":"7113_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E16","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000002221","volume":"43","author":"TJ Joyce","year":"2018","unstructured":"Joyce TJ, Smith SL, Rushton PR, Bowey AJ, Gibson MJ (2018) Analysis of explanted magnetically controlled growing rods from seven UK spinal centers. Spine 43:E16\u2013E22","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"7113_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-020-02743-x","volume":"31","author":"S Pasha","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pasha S, Sturm PF (2021) Contouring the magnetically controlled growing rods: impact on expansion capacity and proximal junctional kyphosis. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol 31:79\u201384","journal-title":"Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol"},{"key":"7113_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.31616\/asj.2018.12.5.794","volume":"12","author":"A Beaven","year":"2018","unstructured":"Beaven A, Gardner AC, Marks DS, Mehta JS, Newton-Ede M, Spilsbury JB (2018) Magnetically controlled growing rods: the experience of mechanical failure from a single center consecutive series of 28 children with a minimum follow-up of 2 years. Asian spine J 12:794","journal-title":"Asian spine J"},{"key":"7113_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jspd.2012.11.002","volume":"1","author":"C Lee","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lee C, Myung KS, Skaggs DL (2013) Some connectors in distraction-based growing rods fail more than others. Spine Deform 1:148\u2013156","journal-title":"Spine Deform"},{"key":"7113_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000001267","volume":"41","author":"K Shinohara","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shinohara K, Takigawa T, Tanaka M, Sugimoto Y, Arataki S, Yamane K, Watanabe N, Ozaki T, Sarai T (2016) Implant failure of titanium versus cobalt-chromium growing rods in early-onset scoliosis. Spine 41:502\u2013507","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"7113_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2252","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181ecf41a","volume":"35","author":"N Farooq","year":"2010","unstructured":"Farooq N, Garrido E, Altaf F, Dartnell J, Shah SA, Tucker SK, Noordeen H (2010) Minimizing complications with single submuscular growing rods: a review of technique and results on 88 patients with minimum 2-year follow-up. Spine 35:2252\u20132258","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"7113_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1848","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2015.04.003","volume":"15","author":"A Agarwal","year":"2015","unstructured":"Agarwal A, Zakeri A, Agarwal AK, Jayaswal A, Goel VK (2015) Distraction magnitude and frequency affects the outcome in juvenile idiopathic patients with growth rods: finite element study using a representative scoliotic spine model. Spine J 15:1848\u20131855","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"7113_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000002835","volume":"44","author":"A Agarwal","year":"2019","unstructured":"Agarwal A, Goswami A, Vijayaraghavan GP, Srivastava A, Kandwal P, Nagaraja UB, Goel VK, Agarwal AK, Jayaswal A (2019) Quantitative characteristics of consecutive lengthening episodes in early-onset scoliosis (EOS) patients with dual growth rods. Spine 44:397\u2013403","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"7113_CR49","unstructured":"Agarwal A (2015) Mitigating biomechanical complications of growth rods in juvenile idiopathic scoliosis. University of Toledo"},{"key":"7113_CR50","first-page":"3858","volume":"124","author":"Y Jiang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jiang Y, Yu Z, Wang Y-p, Qiu G-X, Weng X-s, Ye L (2011) Lung function after growing rod surgery for progressive early-onset scoliosis: a preliminary study. Chin Med J 124:3858\u20133863","journal-title":"Chin Med J"},{"key":"7113_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jspd.2016.09.047","volume":"5","author":"A Agarwal","year":"2017","unstructured":"Agarwal A, Agarwal AK, Jayaswal A, Goel VK (2017) Outcomes of optimal distraction forces and frequencies in growth rod surgery for different types of scoliotic curves: an in silico and in vitro study. Spine Deform 5:18\u201326","journal-title":"Spine Deform"},{"key":"7113_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jspd.2014.08.004","volume":"2","author":"A Agarwal","year":"2014","unstructured":"Agarwal A, Agarwal AK, Jayaswal A, Goel V (2014) Smaller interval distractions may reduce chances of growth rod breakage without impeding desired spinal growth: a finite element study. Spine Deform 2:430\u2013436","journal-title":"Spine Deform"},{"key":"7113_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jspd.2014.03.007","volume":"2","author":"A Agarwal","year":"2014","unstructured":"Agarwal A, Agarwal AK, Jayaswal A, Goel VK (2014) Effect of distraction force on growth and biomechanics of the spine: a finite element study on normal juvenile spine with dual growth rod instrumentation. Spine Deform 2:260\u2013269","journal-title":"Spine Deform"},{"key":"7113_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abolaeha O, Weber J, Ross L (2012) Finite element simulation of a scoliotic spine with periodic adjustments of an attached growing rod. In: 2012 Annual international conference of the IEEE engineering in medicine and biology society. IEEE. pp 5781\u20135785","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC.2012.6347308"},{"key":"7113_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E221","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000002286","volume":"43","author":"A Agarwal","year":"2018","unstructured":"Agarwal A, Jayaswal A, Goel VK, Agarwal AK (2018) Patient-specific distraction regimen to avoid growth-rod failure. Spine 43:E221\u2013E226","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"7113_CR56","unstructured":"Testing ASf, Materials (2015) Standard test methods for spinal implant constructs in a vertebrectomy model. ASTM International"},{"key":"7113_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000003061","volume":"44","author":"MH Foltz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Foltz MH, Freeman AL, Loughran G, Bechtold JE, Barocas VH, Ellingson AM, Polly DW Jr (2019) Mechanical performance of posterior spinal instrumentation and growing rod implants: experimental and computational study. Spine 44:1270\u20131278","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"7113_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2018.09.006","volume":"19","author":"G Hill","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hill G, Nagaraja S, Bridges A, Vosoughi AS, Goel VK, Dreher ML (2019) Mechanical performance of traditional distraction-based dual growing rod constructs. Spine J 19:744\u2013754","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"7113_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2018.06.008","volume":"155","author":"AG Alvarez","year":"2018","unstructured":"Alvarez AG, Dearn KD, Lawless BM, Lavecchia CE, Vommaro F, Martikos K, Greggi T, Shepherd DE (2018) Design and mechanical evaluation of a novel dynamic growing rod to improve the surgical treatment of early onset scoliosis. Mater Des 155:334\u2013345","journal-title":"Mater Des"},{"key":"7113_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jspd.2017.10.014","volume":"6","author":"ME Oetgen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Oetgen ME, Matthews A, Wang Y, Blakemore L, Pawelek J, McClung A, Sponseller P, Perez-Grueso FS, Akbarnia B, Group GSS (2018) Radiographic outcome differences in distraction-based growing rod constructs using tandem versus wedding band connectors. Spine Deform 6:314\u2013319","journal-title":"Spine Deform"},{"key":"7113_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E767","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000000881","volume":"40","author":"K Yamanaka","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yamanaka K, Mori M, Yamazaki K, Kumagai R, Doita M, Chiba A (2015) Analysis of the fracture mechanism of Ti-6Al-4V alloy rods that failed clinically after spinal instrumentation surgery. Spine 40:E767\u2013E773","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"7113_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2299","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31821b8e16","volume":"36","author":"HM Noordeen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Noordeen HM, Shah SA, Elsebaie HB, Garrido E, Farooq N, Al Mukhtar M (2011) In vivo distraction force and length measurements of growing rods: which factors influence the ability to lengthen? Spine 36:2299\u20132303","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"7113_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1007\/s43390-020-00133-1","volume":"8","author":"KA Shaw","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shaw KA, Devito DP, Schmitz ML, Murphy JS (2020) Are precontoured cobalt\u2013chromium spinal rods mechanically superior to manually contoured rods? Spine Deform 8:871\u2013877","journal-title":"Spine Deform"},{"key":"7113_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e520","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20150603-61","volume":"38","author":"S Demura","year":"2015","unstructured":"Demura S, Murakami H, Hayashi H, Kato S, Yoshioka K, Yokogawa N, Ishii T, Igarashi T, Fang X, Tsuchiya H (2015) Influence of rod contouring on rod strength and stiffness in spine surgery. Orthopedics 38:e520\u2013e523","journal-title":"Orthopedics"}],"container-title":["European Spine Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00586-022-07113-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00586-022-07113-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00586-022-07113-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,23]],"date-time":"2022-10-23T23:13:18Z","timestamp":1666566798000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00586-022-07113-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,29]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]}},"alternative-id":["7113"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-022-07113-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0940-6719","1432-0932"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0940-6719"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1432-0932"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 August 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 December 2021","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 January 2022","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 January 2022","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declared that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}