{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T15:33:19Z","timestamp":1782228799832,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,4]],"date-time":"2022-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654300800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,4]],"date-time":"2022-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654300800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"name":"Russian Foundation for Basic Research","award":["19-015-00151"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19-015-00151"]}]},{"name":"Russian Ministry of Education and Science","award":["5-100 Excellence Programme"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5-100 Excellence Programme"]}]},{"name":"Russian Ministry of Education and Science","award":["0259-2021-0009 \/ \u0410\u0410\u0410\u0410-\u041017-117092070032-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0259-2021-0009 \/ \u0410\u0410\u0410\u0410-\u041017-117092070032-4"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Spine J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-022-07263-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,4]],"date-time":"2022-06-04T04:02:43Z","timestamp":1654315363000},"page":"1906-1915","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Causal effects of psychosocial factors on chronic back pain: a bidirectional Mendelian randomisation study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Frances M. K.","family":"Williams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizaveta E.","family":"Elgaeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maxim B.","family":"Freidin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olga O.","family":"Zaytseva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yurii S.","family":"Aulchenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yakov A.","family":"Tsepilov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9449-4165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pradeep","family":"Suri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"7263_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32279-7","volume":"392","author":"Global Burden of Disease","year":"2017","unstructured":"Global Burden of Disease (2017) Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators (2018) Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990\u20132017: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2017. Lancet 392:1789\u20131858. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32279-7","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"7263_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20236","volume":"51","author":"AJ MacGregor","year":"2004","unstructured":"MacGregor AJ, Andrew T, Sambrook PN, Spector TD (2004) Structural, psychological, and genetic influences on low back and neck pain: a study of adult female twins. Arthritis Rheum 51:160\u2013167. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.20236","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"7263_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2010.10.002","volume":"24","author":"D Hoy","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hoy D, Brooks P, Blyth F, Buchbinder R (2010) The epidemiology of low back pain. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 24:769\u2013781. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.berh.2010.10.002","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"7263_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291702005950","volume":"32","author":"T Reichborn-Kjennerud","year":"2002","unstructured":"Reichborn-Kjennerud T, Stoltenberg C, Tambs K, Roysamb E, Kringlen E, Torgersen S, Harris JR (2002) Back-neck pain and symptoms of anxiety and depression: a population-based twin study. Psychol Med 32:1009\u20131020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0033291702005950","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"7263_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2016.07.533","author":"P Suri","year":"2016","unstructured":"Suri P, Boyko EJ, Smith NL, Jarvik JG, Williams FM, Jarvik GP, Goldberg J (2016) Modifiable risk factors for chronic back pain: insights using the co-twin control design. Spine J. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.spinee.2016.07.533","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"7263_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Davies NM, Holmes MV, Davey Smith G (2018) Reading Mendelian randomisation studies: a guide, glossary, and checklist for clinicians. BMJ (Clinical research ed 362:k601. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.k601","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k601"},{"key":"7263_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2018.4175","volume":"76","author":"Choi KW, Chen CY, Stein MB, Klimentidis YC, Wang MJ, Koenen KC, Smoller JW, Major Depressive Disorder Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics C","year":"2019","unstructured":"Choi KW, Chen CY, Stein MB, Klimentidis YC, Wang MJ, Koenen KC, Smoller JW, Major Depressive Disorder Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics C (2019) Assessment of bidirectional relationships between physical activity and depression among adults: a 2-sample mendelian randomization study. JAMA Psychiat 76:399\u2013408. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2018.4175","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiat"},{"key":"7263_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-019-06224-6","volume":"29","author":"EE Elgaeva","year":"2020","unstructured":"Elgaeva EE, Tsepilov Y, Freidin MB, Williams FMK, Aulchenko Y, Suri P (2020) ISSLS prize in clinical science 2020. Examining causal effects of body mass index on back pain: a Mendelian randomization study. Eur Spine J 29:686\u2013691. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-019-06224-6","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"7263_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-020-0631-4","volume":"52","author":"J Morrison","year":"2020","unstructured":"Morrison J, Knoblauch N, Marcus JH, Stephens M, He X (2020) Mendelian randomization accounting for correlated and uncorrelated pleiotropic effects using genome-wide summary statistics. Nat Genet 52:740\u2013747. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41588-020-0631-4","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"7263_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lee JJ, Wedow R, Okbay A, Kong E, Maghzian O, Zacher M, Nguyen-Viet TA, Bowers P, Sidorenko J, Karlsson Linner R, Fontana MA, Kundu T, Lee C, Li H, Li R, Royer R, Timshel PN, Walters RK, Willoughby EA, Yengo L, andMe Research T, Cogent, Social Science Genetic Association C, Alver M, Bao Y, Clark DW, Day FR, Furlotte NA, Joshi PK, Kemper KE, Kleinman A, Langenberg C, Magi R, Trampush JW, Verma SS, Wu Y, Lam M, Zhao JH, Zheng Z, Boardman JD, Campbell H, Freese J, Harris KM, Hayward C, Herd P, Kumari M, Lencz T, Luan J, Malhotra AK, Metspalu A, Milani L, Ong KK, Perry JRB, Porteous DJ, Ritchie MD, Smart MC, Smith BH, Tung JY, Wareham NJ, Wilson JF, Beauchamp JP, Conley DC, Esko T, Lehrer SF, Magnusson PKE, Oskarsson S, Pers TH, Robinson MR, Thom K, Watson C, Chabris CF, Meyer MN, Laibson DI, Yang J, Johannesson M, Koellinger PD, Turley P, Visscher PM, Benjamin DJ, Cesarini D2018) Gene discovery and polygenic prediction from a genome-wide association study of educational attainment in 1.1 million individuals. Nat Genet 50: 1112\u20131121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41588-018-0147-3","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0147-3"},{"key":"7263_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Karlsson Linner R, Biroli P, Kong E, Meddens SFW, Wedow R, Fontana MA, Lebreton M, Tino SP, Abdellaoui A, Hammerschlag AR, Nivard MG, Okbay A, Rietveld CA, Timshel PN, Trzaskowski M, Vlaming R, Zund CL, Bao Y, Buzdugan L, Caplin AH, Chen CY, Eibich P, Fontanillas P, Gonzalez JR, Joshi PK, Karhunen V, Kleinman A, Levin RZ, Lill CM, Meddens GA, Muntane G, Sanchez-Roige S, Rooij FJV, Taskesen E, Wu Y, Zhang F, and Me Research T, e QC, International Cannabis C, Social Science Genetic Association C, Auton A, Boardman JD, Clark DW, Conlin A, Dolan CC, Fischbacher U, Groenen PJF, Harris KM, Hasler G, Hofman A, Ikram MA, Jain S, Karlsson R, Kessler RC, Kooyman M, MacKillop J, Mannikko M, Morcillo-Suarez C, McQueen MB, Schmidt KM, Smart MC, Sutter M, Thurik AR, Uitterlinden AG, White J, Wit H, Yang J, Bertram L, Boomsma DI, Esko T, Fehr E, Hinds DA, Johannesson M, Kumari M, Laibson D, Magnusson PKE, Meyer MN, Navarro A, Palmer AA, Pers TH, Posthuma D, Schunk D, Stein MB, Svento R, Tiemeier H, Timmers P, Turley P, Ursano RJ, Wagner GG, Wilson JF, Gratten J, Lee JJ, Cesarini D, Benjamin DJ, Koellinger PD, Beauchamp JP2019) Genome-wide association analyses of risk tolerance and risky behaviors in over 1 million individuals identify hundreds of loci and shared genetic influences. Nat Genet 51: 245\u2013257. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41588-018-0309-3","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0309-3"},{"key":"7263_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5257","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-07743-4","volume":"9","author":"A Doherty","year":"2018","unstructured":"Doherty A, Smith-Byrne K, Ferreira T, Holmes MV, Holmes C, Pulit SL, Lindgren CM (2018) GWAS identifies 14 loci for device-measured physical activity and sleep duration. Nat Commun 9:5257. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-018-07743-4","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"7263_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Howard DM, Adams MJ, Clarke TK, Hafferty JD, Gibson J, Shirali M, Coleman JRI, Hagenaars SP, Ward J, Wigmore EM, Alloza C, Shen X, Barbu MC, Xu EY, Whalley HC, Marioni RE, Porteous DJ, Davies G, Deary IJ, Hemani G, Berger K, Teismann H, Rawal R, Arolt V, Baune BT, Dannlowski U, Domschke K, Tian C, Hinds DA, andMe Research T, Major Depressive Disorder Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics C, Trzaskowski M, Byrne EM, Ripke S, Smith DJ, Sullivan PF, Wray NR, Breen G, Lewis CM, McIntosh AM2019) Genome-wide meta-analysis of depression identifies 102 independent variants and highlights the importance of the prefrontal brain regions. Nat Neurosci, 22: 343\u2013352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41593-018-0326-7","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-018-0326-7"},{"key":"7263_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.18699\/VJ20.686","volume":"24","author":"T Shashkova","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shashkova T, Gorev D, Pakhomov E, Shadrina A, Sharapov S, Tsepilov Y, Karssen L, Aulchenko Y (2020) The GWAS-MAP platform for aggregation of results of genome-wide association studies and the GWAS-MAP|homo database of 70 billion genetic associations of human traits. Vavilov J Genet Breed 24:876\u2013884. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18699\/VJ20.686","journal-title":"Vavilov J Genet Breed"},{"key":"7263_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D1347","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaa1086","volume":"49","author":"TI Shashkova","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shashkova TI, Pakhomov ED, Gorev DD, Karssen LC, Joshi PK, Aulchenko YS (2020) PheLiGe: an interactive database of billions of human genotype\u2013phenotype associations. Nucleic Acids Res 49:D1347\u2013D1350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gkaa1086","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"7263_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0099-7","volume":"50","author":"M Verbanck","year":"2018","unstructured":"Verbanck M, Chen CY, Neale B, Do R (2018) Detection of widespread horizontal pleiotropy in causal relationships inferred from Mendelian randomization between complex traits and diseases. Nat Genet 50:693\u2013698. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41588-018-0099-7","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"7263_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24607","volume":"61","author":"J Hartvigsen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hartvigsen J, Nielsen J, Kyvik KO, Fejer R, Vach W, Iachine I, Leboeuf-Yde C (2009) Heritability of spinal pain and consequences of spinal pain: a comprehensive genetic epidemiologic analysis using a population-based sample of 15,328 twins ages 20\u201371 years. Arthritis Rheum 61:1343\u20131351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.24607","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"7263_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-201551","volume":"72","author":"FM Williams","year":"2013","unstructured":"Williams FM, Bansal AT, van Meurs JB, Bell JT, Meulenbelt I, Suri P, Rivadeneira F, Sambrook PN, Hofman A, Bierma-Zeinstra S, Menni C, Kloppenburg M, Slagboom PE, Hunter DJ, MacGregor AJ, Uitterlinden AG, Spector TD (2013) Novel genetic variants associated with lumbar disc degeneration in northern Europeans: a meta-analysis of 4600 subjects. Ann Rheum Dis 72:1141\u20131148. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-201551","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"7263_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4909","DOI":"10.1172\/jci69277","volume":"123","author":"YQ Song","year":"2013","unstructured":"Song YQ, Karasugi T, Cheung KM, Chiba K, Ho DW, Miyake A, Kao PY, Sze KL, Yee A, Takahashi A, Kawaguchi Y, Mikami Y, Matsumoto M, Togawa D, Kanayama M, Shi D, Dai J, Jiang Q, Wu C, Tian W, Wang N, Leong JC, Luk KD, Yip SP, Cherny SS, Wang J, Mundlos S, Kelempisioti A, Eskola PJ, Mannikko M, Makela P, Karppinen J, Jarvelin MR, O\u2019Reilly PF, Kubo M, Kimura T, Kubo T, Toyama Y, Mizuta H, Cheah KS, Tsunoda T, Sham PC, Ikegawa S, Chan D (2013) Lumbar disc degeneration is linked to a carbohydrate sulfotransferase 3 variant. J Clin Invest 123:4909\u20134917. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/jci69277","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"7263_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001514","volume":"160","author":"Freidin MB, Tsepilov YA, Palmer M, Karssen LC, Suri P, Aulchenko YS, Williams FMK, Group CMW","year":"2019","unstructured":"Freidin MB, Tsepilov YA, Palmer M, Karssen LC, Suri P, Aulchenko YS, Williams FMK, Group CMW (2019) Insight into the genetic architecture of back pain and its risk factors from a study of 509,000 individuals. Pain 160:1361\u20131373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001514","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"7263_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1007601","volume":"14","author":"P Suri","year":"2018","unstructured":"Suri P, Palmer MR, Tsepilov YA, Freidin MB, Boer CG, Yau MS, Evans DS, Gelemanovic A, Bartz TM, Nethander M, Arbeeva L, Karssen L, Neogi T, Campbell A, Mellstrom D, Ohlsson C, Marshall LM, Orwoll E, Uitterlinden A, Rotter JI, Lauc G, Psaty BM, Karlsson MK, Lane NE, Jarvik GP, Polasek O, Hochberg M, Jordan JM, Van Meurs JBJ, Jackson R, Nielson CM, Mitchell BD, Smith BH, Hayward C, Smith NL, Aulchenko YS, Williams FMK (2018) Genome-wide meta-analysis of 158,000 individuals of European ancestry identifies three loci associated with chronic back pain. PLoS Genet 14:e1007601. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgen.1007601","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"key":"7263_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2263","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000002221","volume":"162","author":"P Suri","year":"2021","unstructured":"Suri P, Stanaway IB, Zhang Y, Freidin MB, Tsepilov YA, Carrell DS, Williams FMK, Aulchenko YS, Hakonarson H, Namjou B, Crosslin DR, Jarvik GP, Lee MT (2021) Genome-wide association studies of low back pain and lumbar spinal disorders using electronic health record data identify a locus associated with lumbar spinal stenosis. Pain 162:2263\u20132272. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000002221","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"87","key":"7263_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2009.05.028","volume":"123","author":"R Shiri","year":"2010","unstructured":"Shiri R, Karppinen J, Leino-Arjas P, Solovieva S, Viikari-Juntura E (2010) The association between smoking and low back pain: a meta-analysis. Am J Med 123(87):e87\u2013e35. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjmed.2009.05.028","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"7263_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1715","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2018.05.018","volume":"18","author":"P Parreira","year":"2018","unstructured":"Parreira P, Maher CG, Steffens D, Hancock MJ, Ferreira ML (2018) Risk factors for low back pain and sciatica: an umbrella review. Spine J 18:1715\u20131721. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.spinee.2018.05.018","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"7263_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2006.03.041","volume":"63","author":"KB Hagen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hagen KB, Tambs K, Bjerkedal T (2006) What mediates the inverse association between education and occupational disability from back pain?\u2013A prospective cohort study from the Nord-Trondelag health study in Norway. Soc Sci Med 63:1267\u20131275. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2006.03.041","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"7263_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2016.10.021","volume":"17","author":"JR Zadro","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zadro JR, Shirley D, Pinheiro MB, Sanchez-Romera JF, Perez-Riquelme F, Ordonana JR, Ferreira PH (2017) Does educational attainment increase the risk of low back pain when genetics are considered? A population-based study of Spanish twins. Spine J 17:518\u2013530. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.spinee.2016.10.021","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"7263_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-7-27","volume":"7","author":"L Hestbaek","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hestbaek L, Leboeuf-Yde C, Kyvik KO (2006) Are lifestyle-factors in adolescence predictors for adult low back pain? A cross-sectional and prospective study of young twins. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 7:27. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2474-7-27","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"7263_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1097\/ajp.0000000000000466","volume":"33","author":"MB Pinheiro","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pinheiro MB, Ferreira ML, Refshauge K, Colodro-Conde L, Gonzalez-Javier F, Hopper JL, Ordonana JR, Ferreira PH (2017) Symptoms of depression and risk of low back pain: a prospective co-twin study. Clin J Pain 33:777\u2013785. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ajp.0000000000000466","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"key":"7263_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.math.2012.10.007","volume":"18","author":"PH Ferreira","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ferreira PH, Pinheiro MB, Machado GC, Ferreira ML (2013) Is alcohol intake associated with low back pain? A systematic review of observational studies. Man Ther 18:183\u2013190. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.math.2012.10.007","journal-title":"Man Ther"},{"key":"7263_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1532-2149.2012.00277.x","author":"PH Ferreira","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ferreira PH, Beckenkamp P, Maher CG, Hopper JL, Ferreira ML (2013) Nature or nurture in low back pain? Results of a systematic review of studies based on twin samples. Eur J Pain. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/j.1532-2149.2012.00277.x","journal-title":"Eur J Pain"},{"key":"7263_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1111\/bjhp.12039","volume":"19","author":"DK Gill","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gill DK, Davis MC, Smith AJ, Straker LM (2014) Bidirectional relationships between cigarette use and spinal pain in adolescents accounting for psychosocial functioning. Br J Health Psychol 19:113\u2013131. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bjhp.12039","journal-title":"Br J Health Psychol"},{"key":"7263_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PR9.0000000000000919","volume":"6","author":"LK Nieminen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nieminen LK, Pyysalo LM, Kankaanpaa MJ (2021) Prognostic factors for pain chronicity in low back pain: a systematic review. Pain Rep 6:e919. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PR9.0000000000000919","journal-title":"Pain Rep"},{"key":"7263_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009790.pub2","author":"JA Hayden","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hayden JA, Ellis J, Ogilvie R, Malmivaara A, van Tulder MW (2021) Exercise therapy for chronic low back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD009790.pub2","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"7263_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2008.12.033","volume":"143","author":"H Heneweer","year":"2009","unstructured":"Heneweer H, Vanhees L, Picavet HS (2009) Physical activity and low back pain: a U-shaped relation? Pain 143:21\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pain.2008.12.033","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"7263_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5987","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-62512-y","volume":"10","author":"H Alzahrani","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alzahrani H, Mackey M, Stamatakis E, Zadro JR, Shirley D (2020) Author correction: the association between physical activity and low back pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Sci Rep 10:5987. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-020-62512-y","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"7263_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aay0328","author":"TT Morris","year":"2020","unstructured":"Morris TT, Davies NM, Hemani G, Smith GD (2020) Population phenomena inflate genetic associations of complex social traits. Sci Adv. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.aay0328","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"7263_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mounier N, Kutalik Z (2021) Correction for sample overlap, winner\u2019s curse and weak instrument bias in two-sample Mendelian Randomization. bioRxiv:2021.2003.2026.437168. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2021.03.26.437168","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.03.26.437168"},{"key":"7263_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.21998","volume":"40","author":"S Burgess","year":"2016","unstructured":"Burgess S, Davies NM, Thompson SG (2016) Bias due to participant overlap in two-sample Mendelian randomization. Genet Epidemiol 40:597\u2013608. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/gepi.21998","journal-title":"Genet Epidemiol"}],"container-title":["European Spine Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00586-022-07263-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00586-022-07263-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00586-022-07263-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,4]],"date-time":"2022-07-04T11:17:57Z","timestamp":1656933477000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00586-022-07263-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,4]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]}},"alternative-id":["7263"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-022-07263-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["0940-6719","1432-0932"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0940-6719","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-0932","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 October 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 April 2022","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 May 2022","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 June 2022","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"YSA is a cofounder and a co-owner of PolyOmica and PolyKnomics, private organizations providing services, research, and development in the field of computational and statistical genomics. OOZ is an employee of Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory. The other authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}