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Takashi Kaito: Aesculap\/B.Braun: Paid consultant, Aimedic MMT: Research support, Asahi Kasei Pharma: Paid consultant; Research support, Japanese Orthopaedic Association: Board or committee member, Japanese Scoliosis Scoiety: Board or committee member, Kyocera: Paid consultant, Medacta: Paid consultant, Medtronic Sofamor Danek: Paid consultant, Nuvasive: Paid consultant, PIP: Research support, Rhoto: Research support, Scoliosis Research Society: Board or committee member, The Japanese Society for Spine Surgery and Related Research: Board or committee member, The Japanese Spinal Instrumentation Society: Board or committee member, Twocell: Research support. Sheeraz Qureshi: Consulting: Globus Medical, Inc., Stryker K2M, Paradigm Spine (Past relationship); Royalties: Globus Medical Inc., Stryker K2M; Private Investments: Tissue Differentiation Intelligence, Vital 5 (Past relationship); Scientific Advisory Board: Healthgrades (Past relationship), Lifelink.Com Inc., Spinal Simplicity, LLC; Speaking and\/or Teaching Arrangements: AMopportunities, Globus Medical, Inc., RTI Surgical Inc.; Trips\/Travel: Globus Medical, Inc., Integrity Implants Inc., Medical Device Business Services, Medtronic USA, Inc., Nuvasive, Inc., Paradigm Spine, Stryker K2M; Board of Directors: Society Of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery; Other Office: Annals Of Translational Medicine (Editorial Board Member), Association Of Bone And Joint Surgeons (Committee Member), Cervical Spine Research Society (Committee Member), Contemporary Spine Surgery (Editorial Board Member), International Society For The Advancement Of Spine Surgery (Committee Member), Lumbar Spine Research Society (Committee Member), Minimally Invasive Spine Study Group (Board Member), North American Spine Society (Committee Member), Simplify Medical, Inc. (Clinical Events Committee Member), Society Of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery (Committee Member, Board Member). Non-financial interests: Hikari Urakawa, Kosuke Sato, Avani Vaishnav, Ryan Lee, Chirag Chaudhary, Jung Kee Mok, Sohrab Virk, Evan Sheha, Catherine Himo Gang.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This was a retrospective chart review study and no consent was needed for approval.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"The questionnaire and methodology for this study were approved by the Human Research Ethics committee of Hospital for Special Surgery (ecap 2018\u20131142).","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}