{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T09:06:38Z","timestamp":1790845598261,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,24]],"date-time":"2023-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677196800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,24]],"date-time":"2023-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677196800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012681","name":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum K\u00f6ln","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012681","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Spine J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Pyogenic spondylodiscitis is a severe medical condition, often requiring surgical intervention. Numerous risk factors are known, such as obesity, neurological impairment and old age. In-hospital mortality remains high, therefore other factors may be contributing to the increased mortality. To evaluate kidney function as a risk factor for increased morbidity of pyogenic spondylodiscitis, the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was correlated with the patients' clinical course.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We retrospectively reviewed the cases of 366 patients and 255 were included for analysis. Clinical, laboratory and surgical data were recorded with a minimum follow-up of three months. For clinical outcome measurement, mortality, length of stay and perioperative complications were analysed.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The study included 255 patients (173 men, 82 women; mean age 66.3\u00a0years). Patients with a GFR\u2009&lt;\u200959\u00a0mL\/min spent an average of 5\u00a0days longer in the hospital than those with a GFR\u2009\u2265\u200960\u00a0mL\/min (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.071). The mortality rate increased significantly with a decrease in GFR: A GFR of 30\u201359\u00a0mL\/min had a mortality rate of 17.6%, whereas a GFR of\u2009&lt;\u200929\u00a0mL\/min had one of 30.4% (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.003). Patients with impaired GFR showed an increased rate of postoperative complications (OR 4.7 <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.002) and higher rate of intensive care unit (ICU) stay (OR 8.7 <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u2009&lt;\u20090.001).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Preoperative GFR values showed a significant correlation with in-hospital mortality in patients with spondylodiscitis, when graded according to the KDIGO stages. Furthermore, a GFR of\u2009&lt;\u200929\u00a0ml\/mL contributes to a longer ICU stay, postoperative complications and a longer total hospital stay. Therefore, the preoperative\u00a0GFR could be\u00a0a marker of kidney function and as a valuable predictive risk factor regarding the clinical in-hospital course of patients suffering from pyogenic\u00a0spondylodiscitis.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-023-07578-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,24]],"date-time":"2023-02-24T05:15:07Z","timestamp":1677215707000},"page":"1455-1462","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Correlation between kidney function and mortality in pyogenic spondylodiscitis: the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) as new predictive parameter?"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1176-0166","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maximilian","family":"Lenz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arne","family":"Harland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philipp","family":"Egenolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maximilian","family":"Horbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clara","family":"von Hodenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul T.","family":"Brinkkoetter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Benzing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peer","family":"Eysel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Max J.","family":"Scheyerer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"7578_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.J.01048","volume":"93","author":"AJ Schoenfeld","year":"2011","unstructured":"Schoenfeld AJ, Ochoa LM, Bader JO, Belmont PJ Jr (2011) Risk factors for immediate postoperative complications and mortality following spine surgery: a study of 3475 patients from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program. J Bone Joint Surg Am 93:1577\u20131582. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/JBJS.J.01048","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"7578_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-011-1384-6","volume":"36","author":"WY Cheung","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cheung WY, Luk KD (2012) Pyogenic spondylitis. Int Orthop 36:397\u2013404. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00264-011-1384-6","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"7578_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"iii11","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkq303","volume":"65","author":"T Gouliouris","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gouliouris T, Aliyu SH, Brown NM (2010) Spondylodiscitis: update on diagnosis and management. J Antimicrob Chemother 65(Suppl 3):iii11-24. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jac\/dkq303","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"7578_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-011-1433-1","volume":"36","author":"AM Cervan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cervan AM, Colmenero Jde D, Del Arco A, Villanueva F, Guerado E (2012) Spondylodiscitis in patients under haemodyalisis. Int Orthop 36:421\u2013426. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00264-011-1433-1","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"7578_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2013.11.011","volume":"68","author":"M Kehrer","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kehrer M, Pedersen C, Jensen TG, Lassen AT (2014) Increasing incidence of pyogenic spondylodiscitis: a 14-year population-based study. J Infect 68:313\u2013320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jinf.2013.11.011","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"7578_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-011-1425-1","volume":"36","author":"K Zarghooni","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zarghooni K, Rollinghoff M, Sobottke R, Eysel P (2012) Treatment of spondylodiscitis. Int Orthop 36:405\u2013411. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00264-011-1425-1","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"7578_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2010.01.001","volume":"3","author":"GS Skaf","year":"2010","unstructured":"Skaf GS, Domloj NT, Fehlings MG, Bouclaous CH, Sabbagh AS, Kanafani ZA, Kanj SS (2010) Pyogenic spondylodiscitis: an overview. J Infect Public Health 3:5\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jiph.2010.01.001","journal-title":"J Infect Public Health"},{"key":"7578_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2015.02.021","volume":"15","author":"M Kehrer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kehrer M, Pedersen C, Jensen TG, Hallas J, Lassen AT (2015) Increased short- and long-term mortality among patients with infectious spondylodiscitis compared with a reference population. Spine J 15:1233\u20131240. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.spinee.2015.02.021","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"7578_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1721","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-020-06519-z","volume":"30","author":"A Yagdiran","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yagdiran A, Otto-Lambertz C, Lingscheid KM, Sircar K, Samel C, Scheyerer MJ, Zarghooni K, Eysel P, Sobottke R, Jung N, Siewe J (2021) Quality of life and mortality after surgical treatment for vertebral osteomyelitis (VO): a prospective study. Eur Spine J 30:1721\u20131731. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-020-06519-z","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"7578_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21919","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-79012-8","volume":"10","author":"B Schoof","year":"2020","unstructured":"Schoof B, Stangenberg M, Mende KC, Thiesen DM, Ntalos D, Dreimann M (2020) Obesity in spontaneous spondylodiscitis: a relevant risk factor for severe disease courses. Sci Rep 10:21919. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-020-79012-8","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"7578_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1007\/s00113-020-00781-y","volume":"123","author":"UJA Spiegl","year":"2020","unstructured":"Spiegl UJA, Kilper A, Glasmacher S, Heyde CE, Josten C (2020) Which factors influence the inpatient course for patients with spondylodiscitis? Unfallchirurg 123:724\u2013730. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00113-020-00781-y","journal-title":"Unfallchirurg"},{"key":"7578_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2008.08.025","volume":"13","author":"E Kapsalaki","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kapsalaki E, Gatselis N, Stefos A, Makaritsis K, Vassiou A, Fezoulidis I, Dalekos GN (2009) Spontaneous spondylodiscitis: presentation, risk factors, diagnosis, management, and outcome. Int J Infect Dis 13:564\u2013569. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijid.2008.08.025","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"7578_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.K.00183","volume":"94","author":"H Chikuda","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chikuda H, Yasunaga H, Horiguchi H, Takeshita K, Kawaguchi H, Matsuda S, Nakamura K (2012) Mortality and morbidity in dialysis-dependent patients undergoing spinal surgery: analysis of a national administrative database in Japan. J Bone Joint Surg Am 94:433\u2013438. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/JBJS.K.00183","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"7578_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2017.05.014","volume":"43","author":"RS Bains","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bains RS, Kardile M, Mitsunaga L, Chen Y, Harris J, Paxton E, Majid K (2017) Does chronic kidney disease affect the mortality rate in patients undergoing spine surgery? J Clin Neurosci 43:208\u2013213. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jocn.2017.05.014","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"7578_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1298","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000001618","volume":"41","author":"V Puvanesarajah","year":"2016","unstructured":"Puvanesarajah V, Jain A, Hess DE, Shimer AL, Shen FH, Hassanzadeh H (2016) Complications and mortality after lumbar spinal fusion in elderly patients with late stage renal disease. Spine 41:E1298\u2013E1302. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BRS.0000000000001618","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"7578_CR16","unstructured":"Injury KCPGfAK (2012) Kidney disease: improving global outcomes (KDIGO) acute kidney injury work group. Kidney Int 1\u2013138"},{"key":"7578_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1159\/000280099","volume":"29","author":"N Srisawat","year":"2010","unstructured":"Srisawat N, Hoste EE, Kellum JA (2010) Modern classification of acute kidney injury. Blood Purif 29:300\u2013307. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000280099","journal-title":"Blood Purif"},{"key":"7578_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/s40560-016-0146-3","volume":"4","author":"K Doi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Doi K (2016) Role of kidney injury in sepsis. J Intensive Care 4:17. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40560-016-0146-3","journal-title":"J Intensive Care"},{"key":"7578_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1910","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200110000-00010","volume":"29","author":"W Silvester","year":"2001","unstructured":"Silvester W, Bellomo R, Cole L (2001) Epidemiology, management, and outcome of severe acute renal failure of critical illness in Australia. Crit Care Med 29:1910\u20131915. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00003246-200110000-00010","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"7578_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R700","DOI":"10.1186\/cc3879","volume":"9","author":"SM Bagshaw","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bagshaw SM, Laupland KB, Doig CJ, Mortis G, Fick GH, Mucenski M, Godinez-Luna T, Svenson LW, Rosenal T (2005) Prognosis for long-term survival and renal recovery in critically ill patients with severe acute renal failure: a population-based study. Crit Care 9:R700-709. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/cc3879","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"7578_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e50675","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0050675","volume":"7","author":"CT Chao","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chao CT, Hou CC, Wu VC, Lu HM, Wang CY, Chen L, Kao TW (2012) The impact of dialysis-requiring acute kidney injury on long-term prognosis of patients requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation: nationwide population-based study. PLoS ONE 7:e50675. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0050675","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"7578_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.03.028","volume":"72","author":"SA Lee","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lee SA, Cozzi M, Bush EL, Rabb H (2018) Distant organ dysfunction in acute kidney injury: a review. Am J Kidney Dis 72:846\u2013856. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.03.028","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"7578_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e31827e83af","volume":"41","author":"RP Dellinger","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dellinger RP, Levy MM, Rhodes A, Annane D, Gerlach H, Opal SM, Sevransky JE, Sprung CL, Douglas IS, Jaeschke R, Osborn TM, Nunnally ME, Townsend SR, Reinhart K, Kleinpell RM, Angus DC, Deutschman CS, Machado FR, Rubenfeld GD, Webb SA, Beale RJ, Vincent JL, Moreno R, Surviving Sepsis Campaign Guidelines Committee including the Pediatric S (2013) Surviving sepsis campaign: international guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock: 2012. Crit Care Med 41:580\u2013637. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CCM.0b013e31827e83af","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"7578_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.3109\/23744235.2015.1103897","volume":"48","author":"T Aagaard","year":"2016","unstructured":"Aagaard T, Roed C, Dahl B, Obel N (2016) Long-term prognosis and causes of death after spondylodiscitis: a Danish nationwide cohort study. Infect Dis (Lond) 48:201\u2013208. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/23744235.2015.1103897","journal-title":"Infect Dis (Lond)"},{"key":"7578_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-013-0582-0","volume":"42","author":"M Loibl","year":"2014","unstructured":"Loibl M, Stoyanov L, Doenitz C, Brawanski A, Wiggermann P, Krutsch W, Nerlich M, Oszwald M, Neumann C, Salzberger B, Hanses F (2014) Outcome-related co-factors in 105 cases of vertebral osteomyelitis in a tertiary care hospital. Infection 42:503\u2013510. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s15010-013-0582-0","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"7578_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2019.10.008","volume":"20","author":"J Kushioka","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kushioka J, Takenaka S, Makino T, Sakai Y, Kashii M, Iwasaki M, Yoshikawa H, Kaito T (2020) Risk factors for in-hospital mortality after spine surgery: a matched case-control study using a multicenter database. Spine J Off J North Am Spine Soc 20:321\u2013328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.spinee.2019.10.008","journal-title":"Spine J Off J North Am Spine Soc"},{"key":"7578_CR27","first-page":"2755","volume":"35","author":"KD Liu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Liu KD, Glidden DV, Eisner MD, Parsons PE, Ware LB, Wheeler A, Korpak A, Thompson BT, Chertow GM, Matthay MA, National Heart L, Blood Institute ANCTG (2007) Predictive and pathogenetic value of plasma biomarkers for acute kidney injury in patients with acute lung injury. Crit Care Med 35:2755\u20132761","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"7578_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.02730313","volume":"9","author":"X Zeng","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zeng X, McMahon GM, Brunelli SM, Bates DW, Waikar SS (2014) Incidence, outcomes, and comparisons across definitions of AKI in hospitalized individuals. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 9:12\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2215\/CJN.02730313","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"7578_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2013.282","volume":"10","author":"O Rewa","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rewa O, Bagshaw SM (2014) Acute kidney injury-epidemiology, outcomes and economics. Nat Rev Nephrol 10:193\u2013207. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrneph.2013.282","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"7578_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1808786","volume":"384","author":"T Benzing","year":"2021","unstructured":"Benzing T, Salant D (2021) Insights into glomerular filtration and albuminuria. N Engl J Med 384:1437\u20131446. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMra1808786","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"7578_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2695","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000244662.78725.37","volume":"31","author":"JS Butler","year":"2006","unstructured":"Butler JS, Shelly MJ, Timlin M, Powderly WG, O\u2019Byrne JM (2006) Nontuberculous pyogenic spinal infection in adults: a 12-year experience from a tertiary referral center. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 31:2695\u20132700. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.brs.0000244662.78725.37","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"7578_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2011.04.002","volume":"41","author":"J Lora-Tamayo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lora-Tamayo J, Euba G, Narvaez JA, Murillo O, Verdaguer R, Sobrino B, Narvaez J, Nolla JM, Ariza J (2011) Changing trends in the epidemiology of pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis: the impact of cases with no microbiologic diagnosis. Semin Arthritis Rheum 41:247\u2013255. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2011.04.002","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"7578_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-021-01642-5","volume":"49","author":"M Stangenberg","year":"2021","unstructured":"Stangenberg M, Mende KC, Mohme M, Kratzig T, Viezens L, Both A, Rohde H, Dreimann M (2021) Influence of microbiological diagnosis on the clinical course of spondylodiscitis. Infection 49:1017\u20131027. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s15010-021-01642-5","journal-title":"Infection"}],"container-title":["European Spine Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00586-023-07578-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00586-023-07578-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00586-023-07578-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,8]],"date-time":"2023-04-08T04:12:31Z","timestamp":1680927151000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00586-023-07578-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,24]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}},"alternative-id":["7578"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-023-07578-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0940-6719","1432-0932"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0940-6719","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-0932","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 April 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 January 2023","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 February 2023","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 February 2023","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare they have no financial interests. The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in our study were in accordance with Declaration of Helsinki (1964) with the institutional ethics committee (Ethical Committee (No. 20\u20131586).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all participants.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}