{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T03:12:25Z","timestamp":1740107545273,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]],"date-time":"2023-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678060800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]],"date-time":"2023-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678060800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006447","name":"University of Zurich","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006447","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Spine J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>To compare the residual range of motion (ROM) of cortical screw (CS) versus pedicle screw (PS) instrumented lumbar segments and the additional effect of transforaminal interbody fusion (TLIF) and cross-link (CL) augmentation.\n<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>ROM of thirty-five human cadaver lumbar segments in flexion\/extension (FE), lateral bending (LB), lateral shear (LS), anterior shear (AS), axial rotation (AR), and axial compression (AC) was recorded. After instrumenting the segments with PS (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200917) and CS (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200918), ROM in relation to the uninstrumented segments was evaluated without and with CL augmentation before and after decompression and TLIF.\n<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>CS and PS instrumentations both significantly reduced ROM in all loading directions, except AC. In undecompressed segments, a significantly lower relative (and absolute) reduction of motion in LB was found with CS 61% (absolute 3.3\u00b0) as compared to PS 71% (4.0\u00b0; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.048). FE, AR, AS, LS, and AC values were similar between CS and PS instrumented segments without interbody fusion. After decompression and TLIF insertion, no difference between CS and PS was found in LB and neither in any other loading direction. CL augmentation did not diminish differences in LB between CS and PS in the undecompressed state but led to an additional small AR reduction of 11% (0.15\u00b0) in CS and 7% (0.05\u00b0) in PS instrumentation.\n<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Similar residual motion is found with CS and PS instrumentation, except of slightly, but significantly inferior reduction of ROM in LB with CS. Differences between CS and PS in diminish with TLIF but not with CL augmentation.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-023-07596-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]],"date-time":"2023-03-06T09:04:04Z","timestamp":1678093444000},"page":"1401-1410","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Residual motion of cortical versus pedicle screw constructs after decompression, interbody fusion and cross-link augmentation"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1501-1952","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco D.","family":"Burkhard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7911-0445","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric","family":"Cornaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5470-284X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Miguel","family":"Spirig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1735-4951","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florian","family":"Wanivenhaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4984-4127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie-Rosa","family":"Fasser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3676-008X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonas","family":"Widmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7190-1127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mazda","family":"Farshad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"7596_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199306150-00006","volume":"18","author":"TA Zdeblick","year":"1993","unstructured":"Zdeblick TA (1993) A prospective, randomized study of lumbar fusion. Prelim Results Spine 18:983\u2013991. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00007632-199306150-00006","journal-title":"Prelim Results Spine"},{"key":"7596_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1007\/bf01676569","volume":"6","author":"N Boos","year":"1997","unstructured":"Boos N, Webb JK (1997) Pedicle screw fixation in spinal disorders: a European view. Eur Spine J 6:2\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/bf01676569","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"7596_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2008.07.008","volume":"9","author":"BG Santoni","year":"2009","unstructured":"Santoni BG, Hynes RA, McGilvray KC, Rodriguez-Canessa G, Lyons AS, Henson MA, Womack WJ, Puttlitz CM (2009) Cortical bone trajectory for lumbar pedicle screws. Spine J 9:366\u2013373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.spinee.2008.07.008","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"7596_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E851","DOI":"10.1097\/brs.0000000000001459","volume":"41","author":"K Matsukawa","year":"2016","unstructured":"Matsukawa K, Kato T, Yato Y, Sasao H, Imabayashi H, Hosogane N, Asazuma T, Chiba K (2016) Incidence and risk factors of adjacent cranial facet joint violation following pedicle screw insertion using cortical bone trajectory technique. Spine 41:E851-e856. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/brs.0000000000001459","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"7596_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1297","DOI":"10.1097\/brs.0000000000000553","volume":"39","author":"DA Baluch","year":"2014","unstructured":"Baluch DA, Patel AA, Lullo B, Havey RM, Voronov LI, Nguyen NL, Carandang G, Ghanayem AJ, Patwardhan AG (2014) Effect of physiological loads on cortical and traditional pedicle screw fixation. Spine 39:E1297-1302. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/brs.0000000000000553","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"7596_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E240","DOI":"10.1097\/brs.0000000000000116","volume":"39","author":"K Matsukawa","year":"2014","unstructured":"Matsukawa K, Yato Y, Kato T, Imabayashi H, Asazuma T, Nemoto K (2014) In vivo analysis of insertional torque during pedicle screwing using cortical bone trajectory technique. Spine 39:E240-245. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/brs.0000000000000116","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"7596_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E497","DOI":"10.1097\/bsd.0000000000000130","volume":"30","author":"K Matsukawa","year":"2017","unstructured":"Matsukawa K, Yato Y, Hynes RA, Imabayashi H, Hosogane N, Asazuma T, Matsui T, Kobayashi Y, Nemoto K (2017) Cortical bone trajectory for thoracic pedicle screws: a technical note. Clin Spine Surg 30:E497-e504. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/bsd.0000000000000130","journal-title":"Clin Spine Surg"},{"key":"7596_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.3.Spine13665","volume":"21","author":"K Matsukawa","year":"2014","unstructured":"Matsukawa K, Yato Y, Kato T, Imabayashi H, Asazuma T, Nemoto K (2014) Cortical bone trajectory for lumbosacral fixation: penetrating S-1 endplate screw technique: technical note. J Neurosurg Spine 21:203\u2013209. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2014.3.Spine13665","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"7596_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.22603\/ssrr.1.2017-0006","volume":"1","author":"K Matsukawa","year":"2017","unstructured":"Matsukawa K, Yato Y (2017) Lumbar pedicle screw fixation with cortical bone trajectory: a review from anatomical and biomechanical standpoints. Spine Surg Relat Res 1:164\u2013173. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22603\/ssrr.1.2017-0006","journal-title":"Spine Surg Relat Res"},{"key":"7596_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e318279a95e","volume":"38","author":"L Perez-Orribo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Perez-Orribo L, Kalb S, Reyes PM, Chang SW, Crawford NR (2013) Biomechanics of lumbar cortical screw-rod fixation versus pedicle screw-rod fixation with and without interbody support. Spine 38:635\u2013641. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BRS.0b013e318279a95e","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"7596_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.3171\/2015.1.Spine141103","volume":"23","author":"K Matsukawa","year":"2015","unstructured":"Matsukawa K, Yato Y, Imabayashi H, Hosogane N, Asazuma T, Nemoto K (2015) Biomechanical evaluation of the fixation strength of lumbar pedicle screws using cortical bone trajectory: a finite element study. J Neurosurg Spine 23:471\u2013478. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2015.1.Spine141103","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"7596_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0253076","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0253076","volume":"16","author":"F Cornaz","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cornaz F, Widmer J, Fasser MR, Snedeker JG, Matsukawa K, Spirig JM, Farshad M (2021) Is a cross-connector beneficial for single level traditional or cortical bone trajectory pedicle screw instrumentation? PLoS One 16:e0253076. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0253076","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"7596_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1515\/med-2019-0061","volume":"14","author":"KJ Kim","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kim KJ, Kim DH, Lee JI, Choi BK, Han IH, Nam KH (2019) Hounsfield units on lumbar computed tomography for predicting regional bone mineral density. Open Med (Wars) 14:545\u2013551. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/med-2019-0061","journal-title":"Open Med (Wars)"},{"key":"7596_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-016-4728-5","volume":"26","author":"M Farshad","year":"2017","unstructured":"Farshad M, Betz M, Farshad-Amacker NA, Moser M (2017) Accuracy of patient-specific template-guided vs. free-hand fluoroscopically controlled pedicle screw placement in the thoracic and lumbar spine: a randomized cadaveric study. Eur Spine J 26:738\u2013749. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-016-4728-5","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"7596_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-019-01140-1","volume":"43","author":"K Matsukawa","year":"2020","unstructured":"Matsukawa K, Kaito T, Abe Y (2020) Accuracy of cortical bone trajectory screw placement using patient-specific template guide system. Neurosurg Rev 43:1135\u20131142. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10143-019-01140-1","journal-title":"Neurosurg Rev"},{"key":"7596_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-016-2705-8","volume":"158","author":"K Matsukawa","year":"2016","unstructured":"Matsukawa K, Yato Y, Imabayashi H, Hosogane N, Abe Y, Asazuma T, Chiba K (2016) Biomechanical evaluation of fixation strength among different sizes of pedicle screws using the cortical bone trajectory: what is the ideal screw size for optimal fixation? Acta Neurochir (Wien) 158:465\u2013471. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00701-016-2705-8","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"7596_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E873","DOI":"10.1097\/brs.0000000000000983","volume":"40","author":"K Matsukawa","year":"2015","unstructured":"Matsukawa K, Taguchi E, Yato Y, Imabayashi H, Hosogane N, Asazuma T, Nemoto K (2015) Evaluation of the fixation strength of pedicle screws using cortical bone trajectory: what is the ideal trajectory for optimal fixation? Spine 40:E873-878. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/brs.0000000000000983","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"7596_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100093","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2021.100093","volume":"8","author":"MD Burkhard","year":"2021","unstructured":"Burkhard MD, Cornaz F, Spirig JM, Wanivenhaus F, Loucas R, Fasser MR, Widmer J, Farshad M (2021) Posterior spinal instrumentation and decompression with or without cross-link? N Am Spine Soc J 8:100093. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.xnsj.2021.100093","journal-title":"N Am Spine Soc J"},{"key":"7596_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2019.109467","volume":"98","author":"F Cornaz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cornaz F, Fasser MR, Spirig JM, Snedeker JG, Farshad M, Widmer J (2020) 3D printed clamps improve spine specimen fixation in biomechanical testing. J Biomech 98:109467. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2019.109467","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"7596_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110577","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2021.110577","volume":"125","author":"F Cornaz","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cornaz F, Burkhard M, Fasser MR, Spirig JM, Snedeker JG, Farshad M, Widmer J (2021) 3D printed clamps for fixation of spinal segments in biomechanical testing. J Biomech 125:110577. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2021.110577","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"7596_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1007\/s005860050045","volume":"7","author":"HJ Wilke","year":"1998","unstructured":"Wilke HJ, Wenger K, Claes L (1998) Testing criteria for spinal implants: recommendations for the standardization of in vitro stability testing of spinal implants. Eur Spine J 7:148\u2013154. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s005860050045","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"7596_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.10.079","volume":"134","author":"F Cofano","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cofano F, Marengo N, Ajello M, Penner F, Mammi M, Petrone S, Lavorato A, Zenga F, Garbossa D (2020) The era of cortical bone trajectory screws in spine surgery: a qualitative review with rating of evidence. World Neurosurg 134:14\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.10.079","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"7596_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1868","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-018-5544-x","volume":"27","author":"H Makanji","year":"2018","unstructured":"Makanji H, Schoenfeld AJ, Bhalla A, Bono CM (2018) Critical analysis of trends in lumbar fusion for degenerative disorders revisited: influence of technique on fusion rate and clinical outcomes. Eur Spine J 27:1868\u20131876. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-018-5544-x","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"7596_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2018.10.003","volume":"63","author":"M Xu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Xu M, Yang J, Lieberman I, Haddas R (2019) Stress distribution in vertebral bone and pedicle screw and screw-bone load transfers among various fixation methods for lumbar spine surgical alignment: a finite element study. Med Eng Phys 63:26\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.medengphy.2018.10.003","journal-title":"Med Eng Phys"},{"key":"7596_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.04.021","volume":"20","author":"DH Kim","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kim DH, Hwang RW, Lee GH, Joshi R, Baker KC, Arnold P, Sasso R, Park D, Fischgrund J (2020) Comparing rates of early pedicle screw loosening in posterolateral lumbar fusion with and without transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion. Spine J 20:1438\u20131445. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.04.021","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"7596_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1515\/bmte.2000.45.11.311","volume":"45","author":"M Arand","year":"2000","unstructured":"Arand M, Wilke HJ, Schultheiss M, Hartwig E, Kinzl L, Claes L (2000) Comparative stability of the \u201cinternal fixator\u201d and the \u201cuniversal spine system\u201d and the effect of crosslinking transfixating systems. a biomechanical in vitro study. Biomed Tech (Berl) 45:311\u2013316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/bmte.2000.45.11.311","journal-title":"Biomed Tech (Berl)"},{"key":"7596_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.3171\/2019.8.Spine19631","volume":"32","author":"H Sakaura","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sakaura H, Ikegami D, Fujimori T, Sugiura T, Mukai Y, Hosono N, Fuji T (2019) Early cephalad adjacent segment degeneration after posterior lumbar interbody fusion: a comparative study between cortical bone trajectory screw fixation and traditional trajectory screw fixation. J Neurosurg Spine 32:155\u2013159. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2019.8.Spine19631","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"7596_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.3171\/2017.5.Spine161154","volume":"28","author":"H Sakaura","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sakaura H, Miwa T, Yamashita T, Kuroda Y, Ohwada T (2018) Cortical bone trajectory screw fixation versus traditional pedicle screw fixation for 2-level posterior lumbar interbody fusion: comparison of surgical outcomes for 2-level degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis. J Neurosurg Spine 28:57\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2017.5.Spine161154","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"7596_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2017.09.137","volume":"109","author":"GW Lee","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lee GW, Ahn MW (2018) Comparative study of cortical bone trajectory-pedicle screw (cortical screw) versus conventional pedicle screw in single-level posterior lumbar interbody fusion: a 2-year post hoc analysis from prospectively randomized data. World Neurosurg 109:e194\u2013e202. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wneu.2017.09.137","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"7596_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1705","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.05.541","volume":"20","author":"J Widmer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Widmer J, Cornaz F, Scheibler G, Spirig JM, Snedeker JG, Farshad M (2020) Biomechanical contribution of spinal structures to stability of the lumbar spine-novel biomechanical insights. Spine J 20:1705\u20131716. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.05.541","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"7596_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1097\/00002517-199810000-00009","volume":"11","author":"NR Crawford","year":"1998","unstructured":"Crawford NR, Peles JD, Dickman CA (1998) The spinal lax zone and neutral zone: measurement techniques and parameter comparisons. J Spinal Disord 11:416\u2013429","journal-title":"J Spinal Disord"}],"container-title":["European Spine Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00586-023-07596-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00586-023-07596-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00586-023-07596-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,8]],"date-time":"2023-04-08T04:14:40Z","timestamp":1680927280000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00586-023-07596-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}},"alternative-id":["7596"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-023-07596-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0940-6719","1432-0932"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0940-6719"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1432-0932"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 May 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 February 2023","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 February 2023","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 March 2023","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All authors state that they have no potential conflict of interest in relation to this study's content. MF is consultant for Medacta, but unrelated to the content of this manuscript.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}