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Patient selection and time of surgery have not been clearly defined.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This observational study included SCM patients who underwent surgery in our department between 2003 and 2021. Inclusion required baseline clinical factors, magnetic resonance imaging studies, and follow-up examination. Functional outcome was assessed using the Modified McCormick scale score.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Thirty-five patients met the inclusion criteria. The mean age was 44.7\u2009\u00b1\u200914.5\u00a0years, and 60% of the patients were male. In univariate analysis, the unfavorable outcome was significantly associated with multiple bleeding events (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.031), ventral location of the SCM (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.046), and incomplete resection (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.028). The time between IMH and surgery correlated with postoperative outcomes (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.004), and early surgery within 3\u00a0months from IMH was associated with favorable outcomes (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.033). This association remained significant in multivariate logistic regression analysis (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.041).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Removal of symptomatic SCM should be performed within 3\u00a0months after IMH when gross total resection is feasible. Patients with ventrally located lesions might be at increased risk for postoperative deficits.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-023-07640-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,26]],"date-time":"2023-03-26T23:51:13Z","timestamp":1679874673000},"page":"1714-1720","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Functional neurological outcome of spinal cavernous malformation surgery"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8348-4298","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laur\u00e8l","family":"Rauschenbach","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alejandro N.","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Engel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angelina","family":"Olbrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arnau","family":"Benet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B\u00f6rge","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Gembruch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neriman","family":"\u00d6zkan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ramazan","family":"Jabbarli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karsten H.","family":"Wrede","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Siegel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael T.","family":"Lawton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ulrich","family":"Sure","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philipp","family":"Dammann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"7640_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3171\/2019.3.Jns181724","volume":"131","author":"IA Awad","year":"2019","unstructured":"Awad IA, Polster SP (2019) Cavernous angiomas: deconstructing a neurosurgical disease. 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