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We further hypothesized that celecoxib (cxb) could inhibit hAFCs-induced DRG sensitization.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>hAFCs from spinal trauma patients were stimulated with TNF-\u03b1 or IL-1\u03b2. Cxb was added on day 2. On day 4, the expression of pro-inflammatory and neurotrophic genes was evaluated using RT-qPCR. Levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE-2), IL-8, and IL-6 were measured in the conditioned medium (CM) using ELISA. hAFCs CM was then applied to stimulate the DRG cell line (ND7\/23) for 6\u00a0days. Then, calcium imaging (Fluo4) was performed to evaluate DRG cell sensitization. Both spontaneous and bradykinin-stimulated (0.5\u00a0\u03bcM) calcium responses were analyzed. The effects on primary bovine DRG cell culture were performed in parallel to the DRG cell line model.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>IL-1\u00df stimulation significantly enhanced the release of PGE-2 in hAFCs CM, while this increase was completely suppressed by 10\u00a0\u00b5M cxb. hAFCs revealed elevated IL-6 and IL-8 release following TNF-\u03b1 and IL-1\u03b2 treatment, though cxb did not alter this. The effect of hAFCs CM on DRG cell sensitization was influenced by adding cxb to hAFCs; both the DRG cell line and primary bovine DRG nociceptors showed a lower sensitivity to bradykinin stimulation.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Cxb can inhibit PGE-2 production in hAFCs in an IL-1\u03b2-induced pro-inflammatory in vitro environment. The cxb applied to the hAFCs also reduces the sensitization of DRG nociceptors that are stimulated by the hAFCs CM.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-023-07672-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]],"date-time":"2023-04-18T15:28:43Z","timestamp":1681831723000},"page":"2048-2058","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Celecoxib alleviates nociceptor sensitization mediated by interleukin-1beta-primed annulus fibrosus cells"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8923-9832","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junxuan","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Surya","family":"H\u00e4ne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janick","family":"Eglauf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Judith","family":"Pfannkuche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Astrid","family":"Soubrier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5458-3446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marianna","family":"Peroglio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6526-0151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sven","family":"Hoppe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5320-5638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorin","family":"Benneker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0685-1909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gernot","family":"Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0166-5525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastian","family":"Wangler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mauro","family":"Alini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura B.","family":"Creemers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9552-3653","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sibylle","family":"Grad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9415-6633","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sonja","family":"H\u00e4ckel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"7672_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2001\/4\/308","volume":"4","author":"L Manchikanti","year":"2001","unstructured":"Manchikanti L, Singh V, Pampati V et al (2001) Evaluation of the relative contributions of various structures in chronic low back pain. 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