{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T03:12:31Z","timestamp":1740107551609,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,26]],"date-time":"2023-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682467200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,26]],"date-time":"2023-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682467200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003802","name":"University Research Committee, University of Hong Kong","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202111159028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202111159028"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003802","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Spine J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The proximal humeral epiphyses can be conveniently viewed in routine spine radiographs. This study aimed to investigate whether the proximal humeral epiphyseal ossification system (PHOS) can be used to determine the timing of brace weaning in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), as assessed by the rate of curve progression after brace weaning.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A total of 107 patients with AIS who had weaned brace-wear at Risser Stage \u2009\u2265\u2009\u00a04, no bodily growth and post-menarche \u2009\u2265\u2009\u00a02\u00a0years between 7\/2014 and 2\/2016 were studied. Increase in major curve Cobb angle &gt;\u00a05\u00b0 between weaning and 2-year follow-up was considered curve progression. Skeletal maturity was assessed using the PHOS, distal radius and ulna (DRU) classification, Risser and Sanders staging. Curve progression rate per maturity grading at weaning was examined.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>After brace-wear weaning, 12.1% of the patients experienced curve progression. Curve progression rate for weaning at PHOS Stage 5 was 0% for curves\u00a0&lt;\u00a040\u00b0, and 20.0% for curves \u2265\u00a040\u00b0. No curve progression occurred when weaning at PHOS Stage 5 with radius grade of 10 for curves \u2265\u00a040\u00b0. Factors associated with curve progression were: Months post-menarche (p\u2009=\u20090.021), weaning Cobb angle (p\u2009=\u20090.002), curves &lt;\u00a040\u00b0 versus \u2265\u00a040\u00b0 (p\u2009=\u20090.009), radius (p\u2009=\u20090.006) and ulna (p\u2009=\u20090.025) grades, and Sanders stages (p\u2009=\u20090.025), but not PHOS stages (p\u2009=\u20090.454).\n<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>PHOS can be a useful maturity indicator for brace-wear weaning in AIS, with PHOS Stage 5 having no post-weaning curve progression in curves &lt;\u00a040\u00b0. For large curves \u2265\u00a040\u00b0, PHOS Stage 5 is also effective in indicating the timing of weaning together with radius grade \u2265\u00a010.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-023-07693-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,26]],"date-time":"2023-04-26T16:02:20Z","timestamp":1682524940000},"page":"2185-2195","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Can the proximal humeral ossification system (PHOS) effectively guide brace weaning in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis?"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3213-7373","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Prudence Wing Hang","family":"Cheung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7052-0875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jason Pui Yin","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"7693_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.2147\/AHMT.S32088","volume":"4","author":"T Kotwicki","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kotwicki T, Chowanska J, Kinel E, Czaprowski D, Tomaszewski M, Janusz P (2013) Optimal management of idiopathic scoliosis in adolescence. Adolesc Health Med Ther 4:59\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/AHMT.S32088","journal-title":"Adolesc Health Med Ther"},{"key":"7693_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.19342","volume":"319","author":"D Grossman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Grossman D, Curry S, Owens D, Barry M, Davidson K, Doubeni C, Epling J, Kemper A, Krist A, Kurth A, Landefeld C, Mangione C, Phipps M, Silverstein M, Simon M, Tseng C-W (2018) Screening for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: US preventive services task force recommendation statement. JAMA 319:165. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2017.19342","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"7693_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16705","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-16996-w","volume":"7","author":"JO Sanders","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sanders JO, Qiu X, Lu X, Duren DL, Liu RW, Dang D, Menendez ME, Hans SD, Weber DR, Cooperman DR (2017) The uniform pattern of growth and skeletal maturation during the human adolescent growth spurt. Sci Rep 7:16705\u201316705. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-017-16996-w","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"7693_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620x.98b12.Bjj-2016-0158.R1","author":"JP Cheung","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cheung JP, Cheung PW, Samartzis D, Cheung KM, Luk KD (2016) The use of the distal radius and ulna classification for the prediction of growth: peak growth spurt and growth cessation. Bone Jt J. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1302\/0301-620x.98b12.Bjj-2016-0158.R1","journal-title":"Bone Jt J"},{"key":"7693_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.4184\/asj.2017.11.5.804","volume":"11","author":"JPY Cheung","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cheung JPY, Luk KD-K (2017) Managing the pediatric spine: growth assessment. Asian Spine J 11:804\u2013816. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4184\/asj.2017.11.5.804","journal-title":"Asian Spine J"},{"key":"7693_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.4184\/asj.2018.12.2.202","volume":"12","author":"JPY Cheung","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cheung JPY, Cheung PWH, Samartzis D, Luk KD (2018) APSS-ASJ best clinical research award: predictability of curve progression in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis using the distal radius and ulna classification. Asian Spine J 12:202\u2013213. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4184\/asj.2018.12.2.202","journal-title":"Asian Spine J"},{"key":"7693_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999.0000000000000027","volume":"476","author":"JPY Cheung","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cheung JPY, Cheung PWH, Samartzis D, Luk KD (2018) Curve progression in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis does not match skeletal growth. Clin Orthop Relat Res 476:429\u2013436. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11999.0000000000000027","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"7693_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2145","DOI":"10.1097\/corr.0000000000000781","volume":"477","author":"JPY Cheung","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cheung JPY, Cheung PWH, Luk KD (2019) When should we wean bracing for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis? Clin Orthop Relat Res 477:2145\u20132157. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/corr.0000000000000781","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"7693_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/brs.0000000000002918","author":"PWH Cheung","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cheung PWH, Wong CKH, Cheung JPY (2019) An insight into the health-related quality of life of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients who are braced, observed, and previously braced. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/brs.0000000000002918","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"7693_CR10","first-page":"163","volume":"5","author":"P Treatments","year":"2015","unstructured":"Treatments P (2015) The effect of boston brace on muscle length of patients with idiopathic scoliosis. Physical Treatments 5:163\u2013170","journal-title":"Physical Treatments"},{"key":"7693_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-014-0101-8","volume":"9","author":"JH Yang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yang JH, Bhandarkar AW, Suh SW, Hong JY, Hwang JH, Ham CH (2014) Evaluation of accuracy of plain radiography in determining the Risser stage and identification of common sources of errors. J Orthop Surg Res 9:101\u2013101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13018-014-0101-8","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"key":"7693_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2516","DOI":"10.1097\/corr.0000000000001817","volume":"479","author":"PWH Cheung","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cheung PWH, Cheung JPY (2021) Does the use of sanders staging and distal radius and ulna classification avoid mismatches in growth assessment with risser staging alone? Clin Orthop Relat Res 479:2516\u20132530. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/corr.0000000000001817","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"7693_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1097\/bpo.0000000000001135","volume":"40","author":"A Minkara","year":"2020","unstructured":"Minkara A, Bainton N, Tanaka M, Kung J, DeAllie C, Khaleel A, Matsumoto H, Vitale M, Roye B (2020) High risk of mismatch between sanders and risser staging in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: are we guiding treatment using the wrong classification? J Pediatr Orthop 40:60\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/bpo.0000000000001135","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"7693_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.2106\/jbjs.F.00067","volume":"89","author":"JO Sanders","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sanders JO, Browne RH, McConnell SJ, Margraf SA, Cooney TE, Finegold DN (2007) Maturity assessment and curve progression in girls with idiopathic scoliosis. J Bone Jt Surg Am 89:64\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/jbjs.F.00067","journal-title":"J Bone Jt Surg Am"},{"key":"7693_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1557142","volume":"6","author":"JP Cheung","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cheung JP, Samartzis D, Cheung PW, Cheung KM, Luk KD (2016) Reliability analysis of the distal radius and ulna classification for assessing skeletal maturity for patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Global Spine J 6:164\u2013168. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0035-1557142","journal-title":"Global Spine J"},{"key":"7693_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1097\/bpb.0000000000000214","volume":"24","author":"JP Cheung","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cheung JP, Samartzis D, Cheung PW, Leung KH, Cheung KM, Luk KD (2015) The distal radius and ulna classification in assessing skeletal maturity: a simplified scheme and reliability analysis. J Pediatr Orthop B 24:546\u2013551. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/bpb.0000000000000214","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop B"},{"key":"7693_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1097\/bpb.0000000000000760","volume":"30","author":"PWH Cheung","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cheung PWH, Canavese F, Luk KDK, Cheung JPY (2021) An insight of how multiple skeletal maturity indices can be used for growth assessment: relationship between the simplified olecranon, simplified digital, and distal radius and ulna classifications. J Pediatr Orthop B 30:371\u2013380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/bpb.0000000000000760","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop B"},{"key":"7693_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e546","DOI":"10.1097\/bpo.0000000000001232","volume":"38","author":"DT Li","year":"2018","unstructured":"Li DT, Cui JJ, DeVries S, Nicholson AD, Li E, Petit L, Kahan JB, Sanders JO, Liu RW, Cooperman DR, Smith BG (2018) Humeral head ossification predicts peak height velocity timing and percentage of growth remaining in children. J Pediatr Orthop 38:e546\u2013e550. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/bpo.0000000000001232","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"7693_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1007\/s43390-020-00105-5","volume":"8","author":"Di Pauli","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pauli Di, von Treuheim T, Li DT, Mikhail C, Cataldo D, Cooperman DR, Smith BG, Lonner B (2020) Reliable skeletal maturity assessment for an AIS patient cohort: external validation of the proximal humerus ossification system (PHOS) and relevant learning methodology. Spine Deformity 8:613\u2013620. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s43390-020-00105-5","journal-title":"Spine Deformity"},{"key":"7693_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1868","DOI":"10.2106\/jbjs.19.00296","volume":"101","author":"DT Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li DT, Linderman GC, Cui JJ, DeVries S, Nicholson AD, Li E, Petit L, Kahan JB, Talty R, Kluger Y, Cooperman DR, Smith BG (2019) The proximal humeral ossification system improves assessment of maturity in patients with scoliosis. J Bone Jt Surg Am 101:1868\u20131874. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/jbjs.19.00296","journal-title":"J Bone Jt Surg Am"},{"key":"7693_CR21","unstructured":"Rowe DE The Scoliosis Research Society Brace Manual. http:\/\/www.srs.org\/UserFiles\/file\/bracing-manual\/section1.pdf. Accessed 18 Aug 2018"},{"key":"7693_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-7161-7-3","volume":"7","author":"S Negrini","year":"2012","unstructured":"Negrini S, Aulisa AG, Aulisa L, Circo AB, de Mauroy JC, Durmala J, Grivas TB, Knott P, Kotwicki T, Maruyama T, Minozzi S, O\u2019Brien JP, Papadopoulos D, Rigo M, Rivard CH, Romano M, Wynne JH, Villagrasa M, Weiss HR, Zaina F (2012) 2011 SOSORT guidelines: Orthopaedic and Rehabilitation treatment of idiopathic scoliosis during growth. Scoliosis 7:3. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1748-7161-7-3","journal-title":"Scoliosis"},{"key":"7693_CR23","first-page":"261","volume":"5","author":"J Cobb","year":"1948","unstructured":"Cobb J (1948) Outline for the study of scoliosis. Instruct Course Lect 5:261\u2013275","journal-title":"Instruct Course Lect"},{"key":"7693_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bitan FD, Veliskakis KP, Campbell BC (2005) Differences in the Risser grading systems in the United States and France. Clin Orthop Relat Res 436:190\u2013195. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.blo.0000160819.10767.88","DOI":"10.1097\/01.blo.0000160819.10767.88"},{"key":"7693_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-009-1096-z","volume":"468","author":"JC Risser","year":"2010","unstructured":"Risser JC (2010) The classic: the iliac apophysis: an invaluable sign in the management of scoliosis. 1958. Clin Orthop Relat Res 468:643\u2013653. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11999-009-1096-z","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"7693_CR26","volume-title":"Traitement des deformations idiopathiques","author":"P Stagnara","year":"1985","unstructured":"Stagnara P (1985) Traitement des deformations idiopathiques. Masson, Les Deformations du Rachis Paris"},{"key":"7693_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.2106\/jbjs.G.00004","volume":"90","author":"JO Sanders","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sanders JO, Khoury JG, Kishan S, Browne RH, Mooney JF 3rd, Arnold KD, McConnell SJ, Bauman JA, Finegold DN (2008) Predicting scoliosis progression from skeletal maturity: a simplified classification during adolescence. J Bone Jt Surg Am 90:540\u2013553. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/jbjs.G.00004","journal-title":"J Bone Jt Surg Am"},{"key":"7693_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620x.103b1.Bjj-2020-1240.R1","author":"PWH Cheung","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cheung PWH, Cheung JPY (2021) Sanders stage 7b: using the appearance of the ulnar physis improves decision-making for brace weaning in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Bone Jt J. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1302\/0301-620x.103b1.Bjj-2020-1240.R1","journal-title":"Bone Jt J"},{"key":"7693_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11336-020-09730-5","author":"A Barbiero","year":"2020","unstructured":"Barbiero A, Hitaj A (2020) Goodman and kruskal\u2019s gamma coefficient for ordinalized bivariate normal distributions. Psychometrika. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11336-020-09730-5","journal-title":"Psychometrika"},{"key":"7693_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(08)60658-3","volume":"371","author":"SL Weinstein","year":"2008","unstructured":"Weinstein SL, Dolan LA, Cheng JC, Danielsson A, Morcuende JA (2008) Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Lancet 371:1527\u20131537. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(08)60658-3","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"7693_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.5.559","volume":"289","author":"SL Weinstein","year":"2003","unstructured":"Weinstein SL, Dolan LA, Spratt KF, Peterson KK, Spoonamore MJ, Ponseti IV (2003) Health and function of patients with untreated idiopathic scoliosis: a 50-year natural history study. JAMA 289:559\u2013567. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.289.5.559","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"7693_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e318200f983","volume":"6","author":"JN Mandrekar","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mandrekar JN (2011) Measures of interrater agreement. J Thorac Oncol 6:6\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/JTO.0b013e318200f983","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"7693_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/s13013-018-0172-0","volume":"13","author":"L Piantoni","year":"2018","unstructured":"Piantoni L, Tello CA, Remondino RG, Bersusky ES, Men\u00e9ndez C, Ponce C, Quintana S, Hekier F, Francheri Wilson IA, Galaretto E, No\u00ebl MA (2018) Quality of life and patient satisfaction in bracing treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Scol Sp Disord 13:26. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13013-018-0172-0","journal-title":"Scol Sp Disord"},{"key":"7693_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2003.12.001","volume":"4","author":"OF Ugwonali","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ugwonali OF, Lomas G, Choe JC, Hyman JE, Lee FY, Vitale MG, Roye DP Jr (2004) Effect of bracing on the quality of life of adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis. Spine J 4:254\u2013260. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.spinee.2003.12.001","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"7693_CR35","first-page":"352","volume":"123","author":"E Vasiliadis","year":"2006","unstructured":"Vasiliadis E, Grivas TB, Savvidou O, Triantafyllopoulos G (2006) The influence of brace on quality of life of adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis. Stud Health Technol Inform 123:352\u2013356","journal-title":"Stud Health Technol Inform"},{"key":"7693_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1159\/000329374","volume":"76","author":"DD Martin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Martin DD, Wit JM, Hochberg Z, van Rijn RR, Fricke O, Werther G, Cameron N, Hertel T, Wudy SA, Butler G, Thodberg HH, Binder G, Ranke MB (2011) The use of bone age in clinical practice: part 2. Horm Res Paediatr 76:10\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000329374","journal-title":"Horm Res Paediatr"},{"key":"7693_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/jbjs.21.00747","author":"PWH Cheung","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cheung PWH, Canavese F, Chan CYW, Wong JSH, Shigematsu H, Luk KDK, Cheung JPY (2022) The utility of a novel proximal femur maturity index for staging skeletal growth in patients with idiopathic scoliosis. J Bone Jt Surg Am. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/jbjs.21.00747","journal-title":"J Bone Jt Surg Am"},{"key":"7693_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-018-5821-8","volume":"28","author":"MJ Troy","year":"2019","unstructured":"Troy MJ, Miller PE, Price N, Talwalkar V, Zaina F, Donzelli S, Negrini S, Hresko MT (2019) The \u201cRisser+\u201d grade: a new grading system to classify skeletal maturity in idiopathic scoliosis. Eur Spine J 28:559\u2013566. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-018-5821-8","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"7693_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/s11832-012-0463-6","volume":"7","author":"A Dimeglio","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dimeglio A, Canavese F (2013) Progression or not progression? How to deal with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis during puberty. J Child Orthop 7:43\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11832-012-0463-6","journal-title":"J Child Orthop"},{"key":"7693_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1903","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199909150-00007","volume":"24","author":"JM Climent","year":"1999","unstructured":"Climent JM, S\u00e1nchez J (1999) Impact of the type of brace on the quality of life of adolescents with spine deformities. Spine 24:1903","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"7693_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-7161-1-8","volume":"1","author":"D Sapountzi-Krepia","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sapountzi-Krepia D, Psychogiou M, Peterson D, Zafiri V, Iordanopoulou E, Michailidou F, Christodoulou A (2006) The experience of brace treatment in children\/adolescents with scoliosis. Scoliosis 1:8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1748-7161-1-8","journal-title":"Scoliosis"},{"key":"7693_CR42","first-page":"25","volume":"25","author":"M Balioglu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Balioglu M, Albayrak A, Atici Y, Karg\u0131n D, Tacal MT, Kaygusuz MA, Yildirim C, Sc Y, Akba\u015fak A (2014) Does the use of brace treatment have an effect on bone mineral density in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients? J Turk Sp Surg 25:25\u201331","journal-title":"J Turk Sp Surg"},{"key":"7693_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-006-0214-9","volume":"16","author":"P Korovessis","year":"2007","unstructured":"Korovessis P, Zacharatos S, Koureas G, Megas P (2007) Comparative multifactorial analysis of the effects of idiopathic adolescent scoliosis and Scheuermann kyphosis on the self-perceived health status of adolescents treated with brace. Eur Spine J 16:537\u2013546. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-006-0214-9","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"7693_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-16996-w","author":"JO Sanders","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sanders JO, Qiu X, Lu X, Duren DL, Liu RW, Dang D, Menendez ME, Hans SD, Weber DR, Cooperman DR (2017) The uniform pattern of growth and skeletal maturation during the human adolescent growth spurt. Sci Rep. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-017-16996-w","journal-title":"Sci Rep"}],"container-title":["European Spine Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00586-023-07693-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00586-023-07693-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00586-023-07693-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T10:07:38Z","timestamp":1685614058000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00586-023-07693-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,26]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]}},"alternative-id":["7693"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-023-07693-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0940-6719","1432-0932"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0940-6719"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1432-0932"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 August 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 March 2023","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 March 2023","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 April 2023","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose. Each author certifies that he\/she has no commercial associations that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted article.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interests"}},{"value":"Ethics approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board of the University of Hong Kong\/Hospital Authority Hong Kong West Cluster (HKU\/HA HKW IRB), Reference Number: UW 16\u2013288. This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki, and there were no deviations from routine care.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Both verbal and written informed consent were obtained from the parents and the patients.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors affirm that research participants provided informed consent for publication of their data.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to publish"}}]}}