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The outcome is compression and torque (normalized to body weight\/mass) at L4\/L5.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The data demonstrate high compressive forces on the lumbar spine in sport-related activities, which are much higher than forces reported in normal daily activities and work tasks. Especially ballistic jumping and landing skills yield high estimated compression at L4\/L5 of more than ten times body weight. Jumping, landing, heavy lifting and weight training in sports demonstrate compression forces significantly higher than guideline recommendations for working tasks.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>These results may help to identify acute and long-term risks of low back pain and, thus, may guide the development of preventive interventions for low back pain or injury in athletes.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-023-07733-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,11]],"date-time":"2023-05-11T11:11:03Z","timestamp":1683803463000},"page":"2991-3001","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["The mechanical loading of the spine in physical activities"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2149-8699","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robin","family":"Sch\u00e4fer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharina","family":"Trompeter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Fett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Heinrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Funken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steffen","family":"Willwacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gert-Peter","family":"Br\u00fcggemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petra","family":"Platen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"7733_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198365020-00010","volume":"65","author":"JW Frymoyer","year":"1983","unstructured":"Frymoyer JW, Pope MH, Clements JH, Wilder DG, MacPherson B, Ashikaga T (1983) Risk factors in low-back pain. 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